1571. An annotated checklist and the conservation status of Chondrichthyans in the AdriaticAlen Soldo, Lovrenc Lipej, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Although there is a high number of publications listing fish species in the Adriatic, only a few have focused on chondrichthyans, while their conservation status has been investigated even less. Thus, this paper aims to provide an updated and annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans occurring in the Adriatic waters with their presence and conservation status. Each species is evaluated against the criteria defined in IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List Categories and Criteria and according to the guidelines for national and regional level assessments. In total, 60 chondrichthyan species from 27 families and 42 genera are listed. The list contains 33 species of sharks, 26 species of rays and one chimera. Assessment of the conservation status reveals that three species are now considered Regionally Extinct (namely Squatina oculata, Pristis pectinata and Rhinobatos rhinobatos). A total of 21 species are assessed as Critically Endangered, 8 are Endangered and 10 are Vulnerable. Of the remaining species, six are Near Threatened and the same number of species are Least Concern and Data Deficient. Considering that the principal driver of chondrichthyan decline and regional extinction is overfishing, it is recommended that the Adriatic countries adopt the same management measures and strengthen their coordination.
Ključne besede: checklist, Chondrichthyans, Adriatic, conservation status, zoology, marine biology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 340; Prenosov: 206
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1572. Observing and modeling long-term persistence of P. noctiluca in coupled complementary marine systems (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea and Messina Strait)Andrea Bergamasco, Andrea Cucco, Letterio Guglielmo, R. Minutoli, G. Quattrocchi, R. Guglielmo, Franca Palumbo, Marco Pansera, Giacomo Zagami, Martin Vodopivec, Alenka Malej, A. Granata, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Messina (MS) is a very peculiar area, connecting highly different regions and representing a privileged observatory for an early comprehension and assessment of ecosystems shifts. It is hypothesized that the outbreaks observed near the coast of many sites in the Mediterranean Sea may be the result of transport of permanent populations of P. noctiluca in pelagic waters to the coast, caused by specific hydrodynamic conditions. By both visual observations and numerical experiments our objective is twofold: (A) to help clarify whether the basin of the Aeolian Islands Archipelago (AIA), in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (STS), may be the site from which large populations of P. noctiluca are transported to the MS, and (B) to evaluate whether the upwelling turbulent system of the MS can be an energetic opportunity for this species. It should offer a rich habitat without jeopardizing the overall survival of the population, that is subject to stranding due to strong currents. Although very different, the two involved ecosystems (AIA and MS ) are complementary for the success of Pelagia noctiluca life cycle. Outputs obtained by coupling the 3D hydrodynamic model (SHYFEM) with a Lagrangian particle tracking model support the hypothesis of a connectivity between these two ecosystems, particularly in the first half of the year, indicating the coastal areas around the AIA as potential optimal source location for Pelagia larval stages. We support the very attractive hypothesis that two connected systems exist, the former one favours Pelagia's reproduction and acts as a nursery and the latter favours its growth due to higher productivity. We speculate that the reproductive population of the AIA is not permanent, but is renewed every year by individuals who have fed and quickly grown in the MS and who are passively transported by downwelling along canyon "corridors".
Ključne besede: coastal systems, coastal water, Tyrrhenian Sea
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 351; Prenosov: 250
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1573. Biodiversity offset mechanisms and compensation for loss from exceptional to popular : rediscovering environmental lawJerneja Penca, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The use of compensatory mechanisms for biodiversity conservation, also known as biodiversity offsets, has increased significantly in recent decades. The Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework mentions them as an innovative scheme in support of substantially and progressively increasing the level of financial resources for biodiversity conservation. This article traces the origin of compensatory mechanisms in international environmental law and their development in transnational biodiversity governance. The article points to the shifts in the application of the biodiversity offsets: from the context of wetlands to other habitats and ecosystems; from its use in intergovernmental conventions to an increasing number of transnational (business) networks; and from an instrument of last resort to a source of additional funding for biodiversity conservation. In the evolution, compensatory mechanisms have been decoupled from their original purpose as an exceptional mitigation measure and a strong focus of environmental law on the preventive function. The increased rhetoric of commitment to no net loss, net gain, restoration, and the mitigation hierarchy has not been matched by an improved status of wetlands and other ecosystems. The processes within the biodiversity conventions (Ramsar and CBD) have accepted an ongoing destruction of nature and limited the role of environmental law to minimizing harmful impacts on nature and consolidating the decline, rather than shaping socio-ecological outcomes. An ambiguous position about the spread of compensatory mechanisms has been part and parcel of this; biodiversity conventions have neither endorsed nor distanced themselves from the application, promotion, and justification of compensatory mechanisms. To maintain the integrity of environmental law, the rules that prevent biodiversity loss need to be emphasised and enforced.
Ključne besede: biodiversity offsets, compensatory mechanisms, biodiversity governance, environmental law, preventive principles
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 803; Prenosov: 305
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1574. New alien Mediterranean biodiversity records (August 2022)Francesco Tiralongo, Okan Akyol, Sara A. A. Al-Mabruk, Pietro Battaglia, Damla Beton, Banu Bitls, John Joseph Borg, Marc Bouchoucha, Melih Ertan Çinar, Fabio Crocetta, Branko Dragičević, Jakov Dulčić, Athanasios Evangelopoulos, Julian Evans, Ana Fortič, Robin P. M. Gauff, Constantinos Georgiadis, Mehmet Gökoğlu, Daniele Grech, Tamar Guy-Haim, Mehmet Fatih Huseyinoglu, Domen Trkov, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In this Collective Article on alien and cryptogenic diversity in the Mediterranean Sea we report a total of 19 species belonging to nine Phyla and coming from nine countries. Several of these records concern fish species, and of particular interest are the first records of: Terapon puta for Italian waters; Pteragopus trispilus from Malta; Plotosus lineatus from Cyprus; and the northernmost Mediterranean record of Lagocephalus sceleratus. The northernmost Mediterranean record was also reported for the sea urchin Diadema setosum. The portunid crab Thalamita poissonii was recorded for the first time in Libya. The copepod Pseudodiaptomus marinus was recorded for the first time in the Marmara Sea. The polychaete Branchiomma luctuosum was recorded for the first time from the Mediterranean coast of France. The alien anemone Diadumene lineata was recorded for the first time from Slovenia. The macroalgae Sargassum furcatum was recorded for the first time from Italy. The new Mediterranean records here reported help tracing abundance and distribution of alien and cryptic species in the Mediterranean Sea.
Ključne besede: alien diversity, cryptogenic diversity, new species, Mediterranean Sea
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 377; Prenosov: 232
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1575. Simple and reliable in situ CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease visualization tool is ensuring efficient editing in Streptomyces speciesAlen Pšeničnik, Roman Reberšek, Lucija Slemc, Tim Godec, Luka Kranjc, Hrvoje Petković, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: CRISPR-Cas9 technology has emerged as a promising tool for genetic engineering of Streptomyces strains. However, in practice, numerous technical hurdles have yet to be overcome when developing robust editing procedures. Here, we developed an extension of the CRISPR-Cas toolbox, a simple and reliable cas9 monitoring tool with transcriptional fusion of cas9 nuclease to a beta glucuronidase (gusA) visual reporter gene. The Cas9-SD-GusA tool enables in situ identification of cells expressing Cas9 nuclease following the introduction of the plasmid carrying the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery. Remarkably, when the Cas9-SD-GusA system was applied under optimal conditions, 100% of the colonies displaying GusA activity carried the target genotype. In contrast, it was shown that the cas9 sequence had undergone major recombination events in the colonies that did not exhibit GusA activity, giving rise to “escaper colonies” carrying unedited genotype. Our approach allows a simple detection of “escaper” phenotype and serves as an efficient CRISPR-Cas9 optimisation tool.
Ključne besede: CRISPR-Cas9, gusA visual screening, "CRISPR escaper colonies", Streptomyces
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 313; Prenosov: 228
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1576. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated fine-tuning of miRNA expression in tetraploid potatoTjaša Lukan, Florian Veillet, Maja Križnik, Anna Coll Rius, Tjaša Mahkovec Povalej, Karmen Pogačar, Katja Stare, Laura Chauvin, Jean-Eric Chauvin, Kristina Gruden, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, which modulate the abundance and spatiotemporal accumulation of target mRNAs at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and through that play important roles in several biological processes in plants. Here we show that in polyploid species, CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used for fine-tuning of miRNA expression, which can have broader range of applications compared to knock-out mutants. We established the complete pipeline for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated modulation of miRNA expression in potato. It consists of (1) design and assembly of dual sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 constructs, (2) transient transfection of protoplasts following fast and efficient screening by high resolution melting analysis to select functional sgRNAs, and (3) stable transformation of potato explants with functional sgRNAs and selection of regenerated transgenic lines with desired mutations and desired miRNA abundance based on sequencing and RT-qPCR. We show that miRNA-editing using dual sgRNA approach results in different types of mutations among transgenic lines but also in different alleles of the same plant, which are target site-dependent. The most frequent were short deletions, but we also detected 1-nt insertions (T or G), deletions between two sgRNAs and larger deletions. miRNA abundance correlates with the frequency and type of introduced mutations, as more extensive mutations in more alleles result in lower miRNA abundance. Interestingly, some mutated loci can generate alternative miRNAs, now novel targets were however predicted for those. In all transgenic lines with Cas9 expression, we detected mutations, suggesting high efficiency of Cas9-editing. We confirmed the miRNA-editing efficiency of our optimised approach in two different potato genotypes and three different loci.
Ključne besede: CRISPR/Cas9, hypersensitive response (HR)-conferred resistance, immune signaling, live cell imaging, Solanum tuberosum (potato), spatiotemporal analysis, stromules, virus resistance
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 398; Prenosov: 251
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1577. Quantitative assessment of the apical and basolateral membrane expression of VEGFR2 and NRP2 in VEGF-A-stimulated cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cellsEsmeralda K. Bosma, Shahan Darwesh, Jia Y. Zheng, Cornelis J. F. van Noorden, Reinier O. Schlingemann, Ingeborg Klaassen, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Endothelial cells (ECs) form a precisely regulated polarized monolayer in capillary walls. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) induces endothelial hyperpermeability, and VEGF-A applied to the basolateral side, but not the apical side, has been shown to be a strong barrier disruptor in blood–retinal barrier ECs. We show here that VEGF-A presented to the basolateral side of human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) induces higher permeability than apical stimulation, which is similar to results obtained with bovine retinal ECs. We investigated with immunocytochemistry and confocal imaging the distribution of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and neuropilin-2 (NRP2) in perinuclear apical and basolateral membrane domains. Orthogonal z-sections of cultured HUVECs were obtained, and the fluorescence intensity at the apical and basolateral membrane compartments was measured. We found that VEGFR2 and NRP2 are evenly distributed throughout perinuclear apical and basolateral membrane compartments in unstimulated HUVECs grown on Transwell inserts, whereas basolateral VEGF-A stimulation induces a shift toward basolateral VEGFR2 and NRP2 localization. When HUVECs were grown on coverslips, the distribution of VEGFR2 and NRP2 across the perinuclear apical and basolateral membrane domains was different. Our findings demonstrate that HUVECs dynamically regulate VEGFR2 and NRP2 localization on membrane microdomains, depending on growth conditions and the polarity of VEGF-A stimulation.
Ključne besede: endotelijske celice, EGF, celična biologija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 350; Prenosov: 224
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1578. A new locality for the blind loach, Eidinemacheilus smithi (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) in Iranian Zagros : a morpho-molecular approachMohammad Javad Malek-Hosseini, Yaser Fatemi, Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Tjaša Lokovšek, Matjaž Kuntner, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Four obligate cave fish species have been recorded from Zagros in Iran: Garra typhlops (Bruun and Kaiser, 1944), G. lorestanensis (Mousavi-Sabet and Eagderi, 2016), G. tashanensis (Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Fatemi and Eagderi, 2016) and Eidinemacheilus smithi (Greenwood, 1976). So far, the only known locality of the latter has been the Loven cave. Here, we extend the known range of the Zagros blind loach (E. smithi) by reporting a new locality, the Tuveh spring, located 31 km south of Loven. We combine morphological evidence with the calculated K2P genetic divergences of 1.39% between Tuveh and Loven to confirm that these populations are conspecific. Our discovery of the second E. smithi population has implications for the conservation of this rare and vulnerable species.
Ključne besede: fishes, caves, evolution, Irano-Anatolian hotspot
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 352; Prenosov: 220
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1579. Poročilo o preskusu št.: LVG 2024-067 : vzorec št. 2024/00318Nikica Ogris, Špela Hočevar, Zina Devetak, Barbara Piškur, 2024, izvedensko mnenje, arbitražna odločba Ključne besede: varstvo gozdov, morfološke analize, program preiskav, Fusarium circinatum, Pinus, borov smolasti rak, PCR
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Ogledov: 328; Prenosov: 0
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