1. Genetic counselling, BRCA1/2 status and clinico-pathologic characteristics of patients with ovarian cancer before 50 years of ageMirjam Cvelbar, Marko Hočevar, Srdjan Novaković, Vida Stegel, Andraž Perhavec, Mateja Krajc, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In Slovenia like in other countries, till recently, personal history of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not been included among indications for genetic counselling. Recent studies reported up to 17% rate of germinal BRCA1/2 mutation (gBRCA1/2m) within the age group under 50 years at diagnosis. The original aim of this study was to invite to the genetic counselling still living patients with EOC under 45 years, to offer gBRCA1/2m testing and to perform analysis of gBRCA1/2m rate and of clinico-pathologic characteristics. Later, we added also the data of previously genetically tested patients with EOC aged 45 to 49 years. Patients and methods. All clinical data have to be interpreted in the light of many changes happened in the field of EOC just in the last few years: new hystology stage classification (FIGO), new hystology types and differentiation grades classification, new therapeutic possibilities (PARP inhibitors available, also in Slovenia) and new guidelines for genetic counselling of EOC patients (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN), together with next-generation sequencing possibilities. Results. Compliance rate at the invitation was 43.1%. In the group of 27 invited or previously tested patients with EOC diagnosed before the age of 45 years, five gBRCA1/2 mutations were found. The gBRCA1/2m detection rate within the group was 18.5%. There were 4 gBRCA1 and 1 gBRCA2 mutations detected. In the extended group of 42 tested patients with EOC diagnosed before the age of 50 years, 14 gBRCA1/2 mutations were found. The gBRCA1/2m detection rate within this extended, partially selected group was 33.3%. There were 11 gBRCA1 and 3 gBRCA2 mutations detected. Conclusions. The rate of gBRCA1/2 mutation in tested unselected EOC patients under the age of 50 years was higher than 10%, namely 18.5%. Considering also a direct therapeuthic benefit of PARP inhibitors for BRCA positive patients, there is a double reason to offer genetic testing to all EOC patients younger than 50 years. Regarding clinical data, it is important to perform their re-interpretation in everyday clinical practice, because this may influence therapeutic possibilities to be offered.
Ključne besede: ovarian cancer, BRCA 1/2, genetic counseling
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.05.2024; Ogledov: 85; Prenosov: 32
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2. Trends and timing of risk-reducing mastectomy uptake in unaffected BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers in SloveniaTaja Ložar, Janez Žgajnar, Andraž Perhavec, Ana Blatnik, Srdjan Novaković, Mateja Krajc, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Objectives. Risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) is one of key prevention strategies in female carriers of germline BRCA pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV). We retrospectively investigated the rate, timing and longitudinal trends of bilateral RRM uptake and the incidence and types of cancers among unaffected BRCA carriers who underwent genetic counseling at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana in Slovenia. Materials and Methods. Female BRCA carriers without personal history of cancer were included in the study. Clinical data on PV/LPV type, date of RRM, type of reconstructive procedure, occult carcinoma and histopathology results was collected and analyzed. Results. Of the 346 unaffected BRCA carriers (median age 43 years, 70% BRCA1, 30% BRCA2, median follow-up 46 months) who underwent genetic testing between October 1999 and December 2019, 25.1% had a RRM (range 35-50 years, median age at surgery 38 years). A significant difference in time to prophylactic surgery between women undergoing RRM only vs. women undergoing RRM combined with risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy was observed (22.6 vs 8.7 months, p=0.0009). We observed an upward trend in the annual uptake in line with the previously observed Angelina Jolie effect. In 5.7% of cases, occult breast cancer was detected. No women developed breast cancer after RRM. Women who did not opt for surgical prevention developed BRCA1/2-related cancers (9.3%). Conclusion. The uptake of RRM among unaffected BRCA carriers is 25.1% and is similar to our neighboring countries. No women developed breast cancer after RRM while women who did not opt for surgical prevention developed BRCA1/2 related cancers in 9.3% of cases. The reported data may provide meaningful aid for carriers when deciding on an optimal prevention strategy.
Ključne besede: risk-reducing mastectomy, breast cancer, BRCA
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.09.2022; Ogledov: 479; Prenosov: 157
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3. Real-world data on detection of germline and somatic pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and other susceptibility genes in ovarian cancer patients using next generation sequencingVida Stegel, Ana Blatnik, Erik Škof, Vita Šetrajčič Dragoš, Mateja Krajc, Brigita Gregorčič, Petra Škerl, Ksenija Strojnik, Gašper Klančar, Marta Banjac, Janez Žgajnar, Maja Ravnik-Oblak, Srdjan Novaković, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Detection of germline and somatic pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV) in BRCA genes is at the moment a prerequisite for use of PARP inhibitors in different treatment settings of different tumors. The aim of our study was to determine the most appropriate testing workflow in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients using germline and tumor genotyping of BRCA and other hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC) susceptibility genes. Consecutive patients with advanced non-mucinous EOC, who responded to platinum-based chemotherapy, were included in the study. DNA extracted from blood and FFPE tumor tissue were genotyped using NGS panels TruSightCancer/Hereditary and TruSight Tumor 170. Among 170 EOC patients, 21.8% had BRCA germline or somatic PV/LPV, and additionally 6.4% had PV/LPV in other HBOC genes. Sensitivity of tumor genotyping for detection of germline PV/LPV was 96.2% for BRCA genes and 93.3% for HBOC genes. With germline genotyping-only strategy, 58.8% of HBOC PV/LPV and 68.4% of BRCA PV/LPV were detected. By tumor genotyping-only strategy, 96.1% of HBOC PV/LPV and 97.4% of BRCA PV/LPV were detected. Genotyping of tumor first, followed by germline genotyping seems to be a reasonable approach for detection of PV/LPV in breast and/or ovarian cancer susceptibility genes in non-mucinous EOC patients.
Ključne besede: BRCA, ovarian cancer, tumor genotyping, HBOC
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.09.2022; Ogledov: 566; Prenosov: 297
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4. Izkušnje z zdravilom olaparib pri zdravljenju recidivnega epitelijskega raka jajčnikov z mutacijami v genih BRCA 1 in BRCA 2Erik Škof, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Izhodišče: Zdravilo olaparib uporabljamo za vzdrževalno peroralno zdravljenje recidivnega epitelijskega raka jajčnikov z mutacijami v genih BRCA 1 in BRCA 2 pri bolnicah, ki se odzovejo na kemoterapijo s preparati platine. Namen: Prikazati varnost in učinkovitost zdravljenja s poli-ADP riboza polimeraznim (PARP) inhibitorjem olaparibom v redni klinični praksi v sklopu vzdrževalnega zdravljenja recidivnega epitelijskega raka jajčnikov z mutacijami v genih BRCA 1 in BRCA 2. Metode: V retrospektivno analizo smo vključili bolnice z recidivnim epitelijskim rakom jajčnikov z mutacijami v genih BRCA 1 in BRCA 2, ki so se začele zdraviti z olaparibom na Onkološkem inštitutu Ljubljana v obdobju od 1. novembra 2015 do 31. decembra 2020. Cilja raziskave sta bila oceniti varnost in učinkovitost zdravila olaparib (preživetje brez ponovitve bolezni, celokupno preživetje). Raziskavo je odobrila etična komisija na Onkološkem inštitutu Ljubljana. Rezultati: V opazovanem obdobju je bilo z olaparibom zdravljenih 88 bolnic z recidivnim epitelijskim rakom jajčnikov z mutacijami v genih BRCA 1 in BRCA 2. Mediana starost bolnic je bila 60 let. Večina (61 %) je imela prvi recidiv bolezni, prav tako večina (74 %) je imela tudi zarodno mutacijo v genu BRCA 1. Večina bolnic (85 %) je nadalje imela vsaj en neželeni učinek zdravljenja z olaparibom. Najpogostejši (vse stopnje) so bili: slabost (59 %), utrujenost (59 %), anemija (25 %), dispepsija (14 %), tekoče blato (11 %), spremembe okusa (10 %), nevtropenija (6 %) in aritmija (1 %). Resne neželene učinke (stopnje 3/4) je imelo 10 % bolnic: pojavljali sta se anemija (9 %) in slabost (1 %). Mediani čas sledenja je bil 40 mesecev. Mediano preživetje brez ponovitve bolezni je bil 14,3 meseca, mediano celokupno preživetje pa 20,4 meseca. Preživetje brez napredovanja bolezni je bilo odvisno od vrste mutacije v genih BRCA: pri somatski mutaciji v genih BRCA 1/2 je bilo 80 % bolnic brez progresa bolezni, pri zarodni mutaciji BRCA 2 je bilo teh 55 % bolnic, pri zarodni mutaciji BRCA 1 pa 32 % (p = 0,021). Vrsta mutacije v genih BRCA 1/2 ni imela vpliva na celokupno preživetje bolnic.
Ključne besede: epitelijski rak jajčnikov, olaparib, BRCA 1/2, genska mutacija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.06.2021; Ogledov: 1183; Prenosov: 336
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5. Olaparib za zdravljenje raka jajčnikovErik Škof, Ksenija Strojnik, 2016, slovar, enciklopedija, leksikon, priročnik, atlas, zemljevid Ključne besede: rak jajčnikov, zaviralci PARP, olaparib, gen dovzetnosti za pojav raka dojk, BRCA
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.06.2020; Ogledov: 1861; Prenosov: 456
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7. Preventivna adneksektomija pri nosilkah mutacij genov BRCA1 in BRCA2Sonja Bebar, Astrid Djurišić, Andreja Gornjec, Sebastjan Merlo, Aleš Vakselj, 2017, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Ključne besede: ginekološka onkologija, rak jajčnikov, mutacije, gen BRCA
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.09.2019; Ogledov: 2485; Prenosov: 659
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8. Olaparib za zdravljenje raka jajčnikovErik Škof, 2019, slovar, enciklopedija, leksikon, priročnik, atlas, zemljevid Povzetek: Olaparib vam je zdravnik predpisal, ker gre pri vas za ponovitev bolezni in imate ugotovljeno mutacijo v genih BRCA 1 ali BRCA 2 (izraz BRCA je kratica, ki v slovenskem prevodu pomeni „gen dovzetnosti za pojav raka dojk“). Olaparib uporabljamo po zaključenem zdravljenju s standardno kemoterapijo na osnovi platine v primeru, ko se je bolezen odzvala na zdravljenje s kemoterapijo. Raziskave so namreč pokazale, da vzdrževalno zdravljenje z olaparibom upočasni ponovitev bolezni.
Ključne besede: rak jajčnikov, zaviralci PARP, olaparib, gen dovzetnosti za pojav raka dojk, BRCA
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.03.2019; Ogledov: 2729; Prenosov: 692
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