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282. Systemic and airway oxidative stress in competitive swimmersSabina Škrgat, Peter Korošec, Izidor Kern, Mira Šilar, Julij Šelb, Matjaž Fležar, Robert Marčun, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: The environment in swimming pools, which contain chlorine, might interact with the airway epithelium, resulting in oxidative stress and/or inflammation during high intensity training periods. Methods: We evaluated pulmonary functional (metacholine challenge test, FEV1 and VC), cellular (eosinophils and neutrophils), inflammatory (FeNo, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-[alpha]), oxidative (8-isoprostanes) and angiogenesis factors (VEGF) in induced sputum and peripheral blood of 41 healthy non-asthmatic elite swimmers (median 16 years) during the period of high intensity training before a national championship. The second paired sampling was performed seven months later after training had been stopped for one month. Results: There was a ten-fold increase (median 82-924 pg/ml; P < 0.001) in 8-isoprostanes in induced sputum and five-fold increase (median 82-924 pg/ml; P < 0.001) in sera during training in comparison to the period of rest. However, there was no difference in FEV1 (113 vs 116%), VC (119 vs 118%), FeNo (median 34 vs 38 ppb), eosinophils (2.7 vs 2.9% in sputum; 180 vs 165 cells/[micro]l in blood), neutrophils, different cytokines or VEGF in induced sputum or sera. The only exception was TNF-[alpha], which was moderately increased in sera (median 23 vs 40 pg/ml; P=0.02) during the peak training period. Almost half (18 of 41) of swimmers showed bronchial hyperresponsiveness during the peak training period (PC20 cutoff was 4 mg/ml). There was no correlation between hyperresponsiveness and the markers of oxidative stress or inflammation. Conclusions: High intensity training in healthy, non-asthmatic competitive swimmers results in marked oxidative stress at the airway and systemic levels, but does not lead to airway inflammation. However, we could not confirm that oxidative stress is associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness (AHR), which is often observed during the peak exercise training period.
Ključne besede: bronchial diseases, swimming, oxidative stress, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, competitive swimmers, training
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.11.2020; Ogledov: 1764; Prenosov: 487
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283. The culprit insect but not severity of allergic reactions to bee and wasp venom can be determined by molecular diagnosisPia Gattinger, Christian Lupinek, Lampros Kalogiros, Mira Šilar, Mihaela Zidarn, Peter Korošec, Christine Koessler, Natalija Novak, Rudolf Valenta, Irene Mittermann, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background. Allergy to bee and wasp venom can lead to life-threatening systemic reactions. The identification of the culprit species is important for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Objectives. To determine a panel of recombinant bee and wasp allergens which is suitable for the identification of bee or wasp as culprit allergen sources and to search for molecular surrogates of clinical severity of sting reactions. Methods. Sera from eighty-seven patients with a detailed documentation of their severity of sting reaction (Mueller grade) and who had been subjected to titrated skin testing with bee and wasp venom were analyzed for bee and wasp-specific IgE levels by ImmunoCAPTM. IgE-reactivity testing was performed using a comprehensive panel of recombinant bee and wasp venom allergens (rApi m 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10; rVes v 1 and 5) by ISAC chip technology, ImmunoCAP and ELISA. IgG4 antibodies to rApi m 1 and rVes v 5 were determined by ELISA and IgE/ IgG4 ratios were calculated. Results from skin testing, IgE serology and IgE/IgG4 ratios were compared with severity of sting reactions. Results. The panel of rApi m 1, rApi m 10, rVes v 1 and rVes v 5 allowed identification of the culprit venom in all but two of the 87 patients with good agreement to skin testing. Severities of sting reactions were not associated with results obtained by skin testing, venom-specific IgE levels or molecular diagnosis. Severe sting reactions were observed in patients showing < 1 ISU and < 2kUA/L of IgE to Api m 1 and/or Ves v 5. Conclusion. We identified a minimal panel of recombinant bee and wasp allergens for molecular diagnosis which may permit identification of bee and/or wasp as culprit insect in venom-sensitized subjects. The severity of sting reactions was not associated with parameters obtained by molecular diagnosis.
Ključne besede: allergy and immunology -- diagnosis, allergens -- diagnosis, hymenoptera, immunotherapy, bee, wasp, venom, sting reactions, molecular diagnosis, systemic reactions
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.11.2020; Ogledov: 12545; Prenosov: 1572
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284. Quantitative, absolute count-based T cell analysis of CD69 upregulation as a new methodology for in vitro diagnosis of delayed-type nickel hypersensitivityAna Koren, Mira Šilar, Helena Rupnik, Mihaela Zidarn, Peter Korošec, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: T cells play a major role in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Their reactivity can be assessed by measuring the upregulation of the activation marker CD69, followed by proliferation and cytokine production. The aim of our study was to develop a novel, whole blood-based, quantitative, absolute count activation index (AI) analysis of CD69 upregulation on different subsets of T cells in nickel hypersensitive patients and compare it with the previously reported approaches. Methods: Ten patients with nickel allergy and nine healthy controls were included. CD69 expression of CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells in heparinized blood was determined with flow cytometry after incubation with nickel sulfate for 48 h. The absolute cell count of CD69+ cells was determined with microbeads. The production of the cytokines IL-2, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-[gamma] was determined after nickel sulfate stimulation of PBMNCs for 48 h. Results: We showed that the most sensitive methodology is the absolute AI, which was calculated as the ratio between the absolute count of CD69-positive T cells stimulated with nickel and the absolute count of CD69-positive T cells in non-stimulated blood. This novel quantitative approach was more discriminative than the previously reported approaches in which T cell CD69 percentage AI and cytokine production are measured. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that measuring the absolute CD69 AI is an accurate new approach to quantify antigen-specific T cells in the blood of patients with hypersensitivity reactions to nickel. This approach may be useful for better in vitro assessment of patients with delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.
Ključne besede: allergy and immunology, delayed hypresensitivity, nickel, blood, CD antigenes, CD69
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.11.2020; Ogledov: 1253; Prenosov: 327
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285. The clinical relevance of oliguria in the critically ill patient : analysis of a large observational databaseJean Louis Vincent, Andrew Ferguson, Peter Pickkers, Stephan M. Jakob, Ulrich Jaschinski, Ghaleb A. Almekhlafi, Marc Leone, Majid Mokhtari, Luis E. Fontes, Philippe R. Bauer, Yasser Sakr, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: Urine output is widely used as one of the criteria for the diagnosis and staging of acute renal failure, but few studies have specifically assessed the role of oliguria as a marker of acute renal failure or outcomes in general intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Using a large multinational database, we therefore evaluated the occurrence of oliguria (defined as a urine output < 0.5 ml/kg/h) in acutely ill patients and its association with the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) and outcome. Methods: International observational study. All adult (> 16 years) patients in the ICON audit who had a urine output measurement on the day of admission were included. To investigate the association between oliguria and mortality, we used a multilevel analysis. Results: Of the 8292 patients included, 2050 (24.7%) were oliguric during the first 24 h of admission. Patients with oliguria on admission who had at least one additional 24-h urine output recorded during their ICU stay (n = 1349) were divided into three groups: transient-oliguria resolved within 48 h after the admission day (n = 390 [28.9%]), prolonged-oliguria resolved > 48 h after the admission day (n = 141 [10.5%]), and permanent-oliguria persisting for the whole ICU stay or again present at the end of the ICU stay (n = 818 [60.6%]). ICU and hospital mortality rates were higher in patients with oliguria than in those without, except for patients with transient oliguria who had significantly lower mortality rates than non-oliguric patients. In multilevel analysis, the need for RRT was associated with a significantly higher risk of death (OR = 1.51 [95% CI 1.19%1.91], p = 0.001), but the presence of oliguria on admission was not (OR = 1.14 [95% CI 0.97%1.34], p = 0.103). Conclusions: Oliguria is common in ICU patients and may have a relatively benign nature if only transient. The duration of oliguria and need for RRT are associated with worse outcome.
Ključne besede: critical care, critical illness, urine, oliguria, kidney, renal insufficiency, kidney diseases, acute kidney failure, mortality, urine output, renal replacement therapy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.11.2020; Ogledov: 1660; Prenosov: 1034
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287. Mikroskopske tehnike za študij nastanka lesa pri bukviPeter Prislan, Jožica Gričar, Gerald Koch, Uwe Schmitt, Katarina Čufar, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: bukev, Fagus sylvatica L., nastanek lesa, svetlobna mikroskopija, UV mikrospektrofotometrija, transmisijska elektronska mikroskopija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.11.2020; Ogledov: 1490; Prenosov: 445
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288. Using citizen science to monitor the spread of tree pests and diseases : outcomes of two projects in Slovenia and the UKPeter Crow, Ana Pérez-Sierra, Andreja Kavčič, Kate Lewthwaite, Marija Kolšek, Nikica Ogris, Barbara Piškur, Jana Kus Veenvliet, Simon Zidar, Suzanne Sancisi-Frey, Maarten De Groot, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The trees and forests of Europe are increasingly under threat from new pests and diseases that have originated in other parts of the world. Early detection of alien species when they first appear in European countries allows rapid response and offers the best chance to mitigate against their establishment and spread. Citizen science initiatives such as LIFE ARTEMIS in Slovenia, and Observatree in the UK, provide members of the public with the necessary training and educational resource to identify these tree pests and diseases and report them to the appropriate authorities, thereby increasing the level of surveillance and the capacity of the early warning system. This paper summarises some of the outcomes of these two projects and how they have both become integral parts of the official forest and tree health monitoring systems within their respective countries of Slovenia and the United Kingdom.
Ključne besede: invasive alien species, plant health, tree health, forest health, early warning, rapid response
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.11.2020; Ogledov: 1741; Prenosov: 864
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290. Pomen biovarnosti za zdravje gozdov : pregled izkušenj iz tujine in predlogi za SlovenijoAna Brglez, Peter Smolnikar, Barbara Piškur, 2020, strokovni članek Povzetek: V letu 2020 obeležujemo mednarodno leto zdravja rastlin. V kmetijstvu in vrtnarstvu je pojem zdravja rastlin dobro znan, medtem ko se za naravno okolje vse premalokrat omenja. Gozdove ogrožajo številni domači in tujerodni organizmi, ki jim naša dejavnost v okolju omogoča vse lažje in hitrejše širjenje v prostoru. Za preprečitev oz. omejevanje širjenja je ključno delovanje fitosanitarnih inšpekcij in nadzora na mejah ob vstopu tujega blaga, na lokalnem nivoju pa ozaveščenost strokovnih služb, lastnikov zemljišč ter vseh obiskovalcev narave, da upoštevajo osnovne ti. biovarnostne ukrepe. Biovarnost je skupek ukrepov, ki zmanjšajo ali v celoti preprečijo vnos in prenos škodljivih organizmov z ene lokacije na drugo. Po navadi ukrepi zajemajo čiščenje oblačil, obutve, vozil in opreme vseh organskih ostankov rastlin in zemlje ter pregled notranjosti vozila glede prisotnosti žuželk. V prispevku predstavljamo kot primer dobre prakse ozaveščanja o pomenu biovarnosti v gozdovih obširno akcijo Združenega kraljestva Keep it clean ter iščemo ovire in priložnosti za rabo pri nas. V Sloveniji je pojem biovarnosti uveljavljen v kmetijstvu (npr. v prašičjereji in hmeljarstvu), v gozdarstvu pa je dokaj neznan. Z zakonsko dovoljenim prostim dostopom v gozd, gosto mrežo gozdnih cest in v zadnjem času povečanim obiskom gozdov je ob morebitni prisotnosti škodljivih organizmov potencial za njihovo hitro razširjenje izjemno velik. Vendar pa je tudi prostora za izboljšanje sedanje situacije še veliko. Med priložnostmi lahko izpostavimo ozaveščanje v smeri higiene in ukrepov, ki so potrebni za preprečitev vnosa in prenosa škodljivih organizmov, posodobitev veljavne zakonodaje na področju zdravja rastlin in gozdarstva, njuno uskladitev z veljavno evropsko zakonodajo ter nadzor nad njihovim izvajanjem. Nikakor pa ne smemo pozabiti na največjo priložnost vsakega izmed nas, da se vede odgovorno do okolja, v katerem živimo.
Ključne besede: biovarnost, biovarnostni ukrepi, zdravje gozdov, varstvo gozdov, škodljivi organizmi
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.11.2020; Ogledov: 1844; Prenosov: 488
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