951. Setup and its effect on safety margin in conformal radiotherapy of the prostateBorut Kragelj, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: Background. In radiotherapy, setup errors in positioning the patients influence the size of safety margin and thereby also the size of irradiation field and toxicity of radiotherapy. Methods. The setup errors were calculated by evaluating the deviations from the measured distance between the irradiation field margin and the bony pelvis. Results. The research was performed on 23 patients. With respect to lateral, craniocaudal and anteroposterior axis, the observed systemic error ranged from -5 to + 9 mm, -4to +5 mm, and from -4 to +4 mm, respectively, whereas the observed random error ranged from 0 to 7.5 mm, 0 to 3.6 mm, and from 0 to 4.2 mm, respectively. The safety margin, with the 90% probability to cover clinical target volume (CTV) and allowing for the prostate position variability, measured 9 mm, 9.5 mm, 7 mm, and 10 mm in the respective lateral, craniocaudal, anterior and dorsal direction. Conclusions. Irradiation of the prostate with a 7 mm dorsal safety margin, allowing for 90% coverage probability of CTV, was feasible in 22/23 patients on condition that the grosssystemic error (>3mm) was eliminated.
Published in DiRROS: 14.02.2024; Views: 246; Downloads: 55
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952. Rapid detection of most frequent Slovenian germ-line mutations in BRCA1 gene using real-time PCR and melting curve analysisSrdjan Novaković, Vida Stegel, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: Background. Detection of inherited mutations in cancer susceptibility genes isof great importance in some types of cancers including the colorectal cancer(mutations of APC gene in familial adenomatous polyposis -FAP, mutationsin mismatch repair genes in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer- HNPCC), malignant melanoma (mutations in CDKN2A and CDK4 genes) and breast cancer (mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes). Methods. This article presents the technical data for the detection of five mutations in BRCA1 gene in breast cancer patients and their relatives. The mutations - 1806C>T, 300T>G, 300T>A, 310G>A, 5382insC -were determined by the real-time PCR and themelting curve analysis. Results and conclusion. In comparison to direct sequencing, this method proved to be sensitive and rapid enough for the routine daily determination of mutations in DNA isolated from the peripheral blood.
Published in DiRROS: 14.02.2024; Views: 221; Downloads: 58
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953. Managing anemia with epoetin alfa in patients with rectal cancerVaneja Velenik, Irena Oblak, Veronika Kodre, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: Background. Anemia is one of the most challenging problems in clinical oncology due to its high prevalence among the patients with malignant diseases. The purposes of our study were: (1) to assess the potential of epoetin alfa therapy to prevent the decline in Hb concentrations that typically accompanies chemotherapy/radiotherapy (ChT/RT) of the patients with rectal cancer; (2) to test the hypothesis that the use of epoetin alfa significantly reduces the transfusion requirements in the patients with rectalcancer treated with ChT/RTafter surgery, and (3) to evaluate the safety profile of the administration of epoetin alfa in the clinical setting. Methods. Sixty patients who underwent surgery for rectal cancer were prospectively enrolled. Group A consisted of 39 patients with Hb concentrations <13 g/dl at the start of ChT/RT following surgery, and group B of 17 patients with Hb concentrations >13 g/dl at the start of ChT/RT following surgery, but whose Hb concentrations fell below 13 g/dl during the ChT/RT protocol. The starting dose of epoetin alfa in both proups was 10,000 IU subcutaneously (se) three times a week (tiw). The following major parameters were evaluated: (1) change in Hb concentrations relative to the baseline as measured at 4-week intervals, (2) allogenic blood transfusion requirements in relation to Hb concentrations, and (3) incidence and severity of adverse events and their potential relationship to epoetin alfa administration. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters)
Published in DiRROS: 14.02.2024; Views: 197; Downloads: 63
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954. Surgical treatment of malignant pleural mesotheliomaJanez Eržen, Stanko Vidmar, Mihael Sok, Andrej Debeljak, Peter Kecelj, Viljem Kovač, Marjeta Stanovnik, Tomaž Rott, Izidor Kern, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: Background. The aim of the study was to identify perioperative morbidity and mortality, the category and mode of adjuvant treatment, local recurrence and survival in patients treated by extrapleural pneumonectony (EPP) for malignantpleural mesothelioma (NLPM). Methods. From 2000 to 2003, 18 patients with MPM were referred to the Department of Thoracic Surgery in Ljubljana, and17 of them were operated on. Two patients underwent explorative thoracotomy, and 15 patients were evaluated. Five female and nine male patients (aged 52-68 years) were treated by EPP and one male patient by pleurectomy. Eight patients received both adjuvant chemotherapy (ChT) and radiotherapy (RT), with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 + mitomycin C 6-10 mg/m2 gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and external beam radiation with 24 Gy - 58 Gy respectively, three patients received no adjuvant therapy, three patients weretreated by adjuvant ChT, two of them were given cisplatin 100 mg/m2 + mitomycin C 6-10 mg/m2, and one patient cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on the first day and gemcitabine 250 mg/rn2 in prolonged 6 hours infusion on the first and on the eighth day. One patient was treated only by adjuvant RT. Results. There were no perioperative deaths and the postoperative morbidity was 42%. Of the 15 evaluable patients, and in the median follow up of 40 months (28-64), we noticed nine (60.0%) recurrences, seven local and two abdominal. Eight (53.3%)patients died, all because of the local progress of disease. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters)
Published in DiRROS: 14.02.2024; Views: 223; Downloads: 56
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955. Characterization of lung cancer patients, their actual treatment and survival : experience of SloveniaLučka Debevec, Andrej Debeljak, Janez Eržen, Viljem Kovač, Izidor Kern, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: Background. The aim of the study was to establish characteristics of lung cancer patients diagnosed at the University Clinic of Respiratory and AllergicDiseases Golnik in 1996, their selected and realized therapy, and survival. Methods. The retrospective study comprises 345 patients aged from 37to 90 years (mean 65), 285 males and 60 females. Performance status (Karnofsky): > 80 in 171 patients, 60-80 in 130 and < 60 in 44 patients. Mirroscopically confirmed tumour in 97%: by bronchoscopy 281, transthoracic needle biopsy 23, peripheral lymph nodes biopsy 12, sputum cytology 7, pleural(effusion) cytology 4, distant metastases biopsy 2, mediastinoscopy 1, autopsy 4 patients. Histology and/or cytology: squamous 131, adenocarcinoma 86, large cell 63, small cell 51, non-small cell 1, unclassified 2. Clinical staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): stage I 63, stage ll 32, stage IIIA 48, stage IIIB 59, stage IV 77, undeterminable 2 patients. Staging in small cell lung cancer (SCLC): limited disease 24, extended disease 27 patients. Results. The selected primary oncological therapy was changed in 11%. Realized primary therapy: radiotherapy 102 (30%), surgery 77 (23%), chemotherapy 47 (14%), supportive treatment 111 (33%). In resected patients staging was correct in 46%, underestimated in 44%, overestimated in 10%. The overall five-year survival was 7.8% (median 6.2 months) and the five year survival of resected patients was 41.9% (median 33 months). The median survival of irradiated patients was 5.7 months, of supportively treated patients 2.5 months. The survival was significantly different according to theperformance status and stage. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters)
Published in DiRROS: 14.02.2024; Views: 213; Downloads: 51
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956. The dimethylhydrazine induced colorectal tumours in rat - experimental colorectal carcinogenesisMartina Perše, Anton Cerar, 2005, review article Abstract: Animal models of colorectal carcinogenesis represent invaluable research tool for investigating colorectal cancer (CRC). Experimentally induced tumours in laboratory animals provide opportunity for studying certain aspects of tumoursthat cannot be effectively studied in humans. Significant information on human CRC aetiology or factors influencing it has derived from studies using dimethylhydrazine (DMH) model that is one of the experimental models appreciated for its morphological similarity to human CRC. Today, DMH model represents useful research tool for the studies of colon carcinogens and chemopreventive agents. The review offers insight into morphogenesis and genetic alterations of DMH induced colorectal epithelial tumours in rats.
Published in DiRROS: 14.02.2024; Views: 196; Downloads: 53
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957. Sonography of pleural space in healthy pregnants - preliminary resultsIgor Kocijančič, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: Background. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of sonographically visible normal pleural fluid finding in healthy pregnants. Methods. Chest sonography was performed in 47 pregnant volunteers, searching for pleural fluid, first leaning on the elbow and than in a sitting position. 9-12 MHz linear probe was used. If the result of the first examination was positive (at least 2 mm thick anechoic layer), we repeated the procedure with 3-6 MHz large radius convex probe. Results. The fluid layer of typical wedge-shaped appearance was visible in the pleural space of 28/47 (59.5%) pregnant volunteers, on both sides in 18/47 (38.3%) and unilaterally in 10/47 (21.2%). The mean fhickness of fluid layer (mean of positive results in both positions) was 2.86 mm (SD 1.09 mm, range from 1.8 mm to 6.4 mm). More than 3 mm thick fluid layer was easily detected with 3-6 MHz abdominal convex probe in 7/47 (15%). Conclusions. Small amounts of pleural fluid can sometimes be detected by chest sonography, and hence also by abdominal sonography, in otherwise healthy pregnants. Such a positive result, if isolated, should not be taken as a sign of occult thoracic disease.
Published in DiRROS: 14.02.2024; Views: 214; Downloads: 49
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958. MHC class II molecules and tumour immunotherapyIrena Oven, 2005, review article Abstract: Tumour immunontherapy attempts to use the specificity and capability of the immune system to kill malignant cells with a minimum damage to normal tissue. Increasing knowledge of the identity of tumour antigens should help us design more effective therapeutic vaccines. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that MHC class II molecules and CD4+T cells play important roles in generating and maintaining antitumour immune responses in animal models. These data suggest that be necessary to involve both CD+ and CD+T cells for more effective antitumour therapy. Novel strategies have been developed for enhancing T cell responses against cancer by prolonging antigen prersentation of denritic cells to T cells, by the inclusion of MHC class II-restricted tumour antigens and by genetically modifying tumour cells to present antigen to T lymphocytes directly. Vaccines against cancers aim to induce tumour-specific effector T cells that can reduce tumour mass and induce development of tumour-specific T cell memory, that can control tumour relapse.
Published in DiRROS: 14.02.2024; Views: 212; Downloads: 47
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