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Abstract: To develop novel crop breeding strategies, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the interaction between plants and their pathogens. Network modeling represents a powerful tool that can unravel properties of complex biological systems. In this study, we aimed to use network modeling to better understand immune signaling in potato (Solanum tuberosum). For this, we first built on a reliable Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) immune signaling model, extending it with the information from diverse publicly available resources. Next, we translated the resulting prior knowledge network (20,012 nodes and 70,091 connections) to potato and superimposed it with an ensemble network inferred from time-resolved transcriptomics data for potato. We used different network modeling approaches to generate specific hypotheses of potato immune signaling mechanisms. An interesting finding was the identification of a string of molecular events illuminating the ethylene pathway modulation of the salicylic acid pathway through Nonexpressor of PR Genes1 gene expression. Functional validations confirmed this modulation, thus supporting the potential of our integrative network modeling approach for unraveling molecular mechanisms in complex systems. In addition, this approach can ultimately result in improved breeding strategies for potato and other sensitive crops.
Keywords: network modelling, potato, molecular biology
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 340; Downloads: 265
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Abstract: Two obligate cave-dwelling species of cyclopoid copepods (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) were discovered inside caves in central Thailand. Siamcyclops cavernicolus gen. et sp. nov. was recognised as a member of a new genus. It resembles Bryocyclops jankowskajae Monchenko, 1972 from Uzbekistan (part of the former USSR). It differs from it by (1) lack of pointed triangular prominences on the intercoxal sclerite of the fourth swimming leg, (2) mandibular palp with three setae, (3) spine and setal formulae of swimming legs 3.3.3.2 and 5.5.5.5, respectively, and (4) specific shape of spermatophore. Metacyclops thailandicus sp. nov. resembles M. cushae Reid, 1991 from Louisiana (USA). It differs from it by (1) distal segment of the endopod of the fourth swimming leg with one apical spine, (2) the fifth swimming legs with one broad segment, (3) the spine formula of the distal segment of the exopod of the swimming legs 3.4.3.3, and (4) well developed anal operculum reaching articulation with caudal rami. Detailed descriptions of the habitats of the new species and up-to-date keys to the genera and subgenera of the Bryocyclops and Microcyclops groups are provided, along with an updated list of obligate groundwater species of Copepoda in Southeast Asia.
Keywords: Siamcyclops cavernicolus gen. et sp. nov., Metacyclops thailandicus sp. nov., stygobionts, groundwater environment, epikarstic drip
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 304; Downloads: 304
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Abstract: Artificial reefs (ARs) are man-made structures used with the aim of improving fisheries and increasing natural production of biological resources. In 2006 an AR made of three types of modules was sunk near an underwater sewage outfall. The objectives of the project were: (a) to use the AR to restock some target species of commercial interest and (b) to promote biodiversity in selected areas. The epibenthic macrofauna that had settled on this AR was annually monitored for five years (2007-2011) using non-destructive photographic methods. A total of 88 taxa from 8 phyla were identified, with a predominance of Porifera, Mollusca and Ascidiacea. Among the types of modules used to construct the AR, polyethylene panel nets were functional for bivalve settlement in the first year, whereas concrete structures seemed to perform best in promoting biodiversity in terms of species richness in the long term. Nevertheless, the 5-year monitoring period was too short to speculate on the stability or homeostasis of communities settled on the AR in terms of ecological succession.
Keywords: artificial reefs, macrozoobenthos, Adriatic Sea, photographic monitoring, marine biology, hydrobiology
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 630; Downloads: 304
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Abstract: A specimen of Holocentrus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765) was observed, photographed and filmed for several days in August 2022 in the shallow rocky zone of the WWF Miramare marine protected area near Trieste (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic). This is the first record of this species in the Gulf of Trieste and in the Adriatic Sea, and the second in the Mediterranean Sea
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 527; Downloads: 260
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Abstract: The authors present new data on the recently described nudibranch Knoutsodonta pictoni Furfaro & Trainito, 2017 in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea). We hereby present the first record of this species in Slovenian territorial waters. A total of 22 specimens of K. pictoni were recorded by diving in the period from 2017 to 2021 at five localities in the Gulf of Trieste. All specimens were found in precoralligenous habitats in the depth range of 5 to 9 m, feeding on the encrusting bryozoan Reptadeonella violacea (Johnston, 1847). Numerous finds indicate that this only recently described and therefore little known nudibranch is much less rare than previously thought.
Published in DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Views: 359; Downloads: 302
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