461. Environmental DNA metabarcoding of cephalopod diversity in the Tyrrhenian deep seaMartina La Torre, Alex Cussigh, Valentina Crobe, Martina Spiga, Alice Ferrari, Alessia Cariani, Federica Piattoni, Federica Costantini, Silvia Franzellitti, Alberto Pallavicini, David Stanković, Sergio Stefanni, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The deep sea, the largest biome on Earth, is the least explored and understood. This lack of knowledge hampers our ability to understand and protect this important environment. In this study, water and sediment samples were collected at different depths in the central Mediterranean (224–780 m), specifically, within the Dohrn Canyon and the Palinuro Seamount, to investigate the diversity of cephalopods and establish a baseline knowledge of their distribution in these sites to preserve their habitats and estimate the impacts of human-driven environmental changes. Key taxa identified included Heteroteuthis sp., Loligo sp., and Histioteuthis sp., which were the most abundant across all sampling stations. A low overlap in species detection was observed between water and sediment samples, confirming previous findings that the typology of environmental matrices used in eDNA metabarcoding has a significant impact on the organisms detected and, therefore, the integrated use of different matrices to better represent local biodiversity is recommended. Furthermore, this study highlights the limitations posed by gaps in reference databases, particularly for deep-sea organisms, and addresses these by emphasising the need for improved multi-marker approaches and expanded reference databases to enhance the accuracy of eDNA-based biodiversity assessment.
Keywords: eDNA metabarcoding, cephalopod assemblages, deep-sea biodiversity, Dohrn canyo, environmental matrices, reference databases, Tyrrhenian deep sea, Mediterranean deep sea
Published in DiRROS: 24.10.2024; Views: 141; Downloads: 947
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463. Aristotel in Descartes o zmožnostih dušePrimož Turk, 2023, review article Abstract: Namen prispevka je osvetliti Aristotelovo in Descartesovo razumevanje zmožnosti duše. Takšno razumevanje nam odpira pot v širši razmislek o Aristotelovi in Descartesovi filozofski antropologiji. Besedilo je potemtakem zastavljeno tako, da najprej sledimo Aristotelovemu razumevanju zmožnosti duše. Ob bok temu postavljamo Descartesovo razumevanje, in sicer vedno z ozirom na posamezno duševno zmožnost, ki smo jo izpostavili pri Aristotelu. Zmožnosti duše, ki jih v prispevku obravnavamo, sledijo Aristotelovi delitvi duše na vegetativne, čutno zaznavne in razumske zmožnosti. Izhodišče prispevka je vprašanje povezanosti duše in telesa v Aristotelovi in Descartesovi filozofiji.
Keywords: filozofska antropologija, duša, čutno zaznavanje
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 99; Downloads: 29
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464. O dveh fizikah : Utelešena formalnost matematičnih znanostiIzak Hudnik Zajec, 2023, review article Abstract: V prispevku kritično ovrednotim osnovne predpostavke fenomenološke interpretacije znanstvene revolucije v delih Edmunda Husserla in Martina Heideggra. Ob razkritju nasprotij med intelektualnimi vodili antične teorije števil in mešanih znanosti, na eni strani, ter novoveške algebre in mehanike, na drugi strani, izpostavim vlogo novonastalega simbolnega mišljenja, ki jo omenjena fenomenologa zanemarjata kot posledico, in ne kot vzrok, znanstvene revolucije. Z mislijo Jacoba Kleina nato oblikujem alternativno razumevanje znanstvenega mišljenja, ki v ospredje postavi t. i. simbolno delujočo abstrakcijo matematično-fizikalnih pojmov. Ti se ob zaprtju v lastne strukturne odnose oddaljijo od neposrednih materialnih interpretacij in s tem omogočijo kompleksnejše mišljenje izvora znanstvenih idealizacij. Slednje izpeljem v tesni navezavi na pojem simbolnega vedênja pri Mauriceu Merleau-Pontyju in obenem izoblikujem nastavek za teorijo utelešene znanstvene zaznave.
Keywords: fenomenologija znanosti, idealizacija, simbolizacija
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 116; Downloads: 28
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465. Is Causality Admissible in Phenomenology? : A Corrective to Edmund Husserl’s IdeaIgor W. Kirsberg, 2023, professional article Abstract: The article rejects the traditional limitation of causality in phenomenology and attempts to demonstrate the mistakes in Edmund Husserl’s arguments for such an understanding, which limited natural causality to the empirical world and confused both natural as well as motivational causality with logical and psychological connections. The specificity of causality is stressed, in order to clarify the main structures of pure consciousness—thought, feeling, and will—as well as to elucidate the mutual irreducibility of connections and interactions between them. Thus, phenomenology altogether can be outlined as being compatible with scientific discipline.
Keywords: phenomenology, causality, science, difference between thought and feeling
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 128; Downloads: 42
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466. Biblical Hermeneutics and the Word about the IneffableRené Dentz, 2023, professional article Abstract: Paul Ricoeur’s engagement with biblical hermeneutics and his critique of Rudolf Bultmann’s existential hermeneutics shed light on the complex relationship between language, meaning, and religious experience. Following Ricoeur, it is necessary to distinguish two layers of understanding: the ideal layer of the text and the layer of signification, which is the moment when meaning is resumed for the reader and becomes effective in existence. The semantic moment must precede the objective and existential understanding, as well as action. Exegesis, therefore, involves two moments of understanding. If the text lacks objective meaning, it says nothing, and without existential appropriation, the Word is dead.
Keywords: hermeneutics, ineffable, sacred, Bible, revelation
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 103; Downloads: 28
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467. Between Philosophy and Literature : Friedrich Schlegel’s Concept of Romantic Irony in Fragments and in LucindeMalwina Rolka, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The concept of romantic irony developed by Friedrich Schlegel is one of the most powerful and productive elements of the Jena Romanticism, which, to this day, stirs interest among the researchers of the German culture of the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. In thus-oriented studies, however, most scholars emphasize the Fragments published by the philosopher in the years 1797–1800, while relegating Lucinde—Schlegel’s controversial novel written in 1799—to the margins of their reflection. Although underappreciated by the academia, Lucinde, in its fundamental assumptions, was supposed to be an exercise in both the theory and the practice of irony. Bearing this in mind, in the present article I attempt to reconstruct Schlegel’s groundbreaking concept by taking into account both these sources. In the analysis, I focus on the notions of dissimulation, dialectics, and reflection: three descriptive categories, which ultimately account for the innovative character of Schlegelian vision of irony.
Keywords: romantic irony, dissimulation, dialectics, reflection
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 91; Downloads: 28
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468. Man as a Being of Hygiene in a Phenomenological and Anthropological PerspectiveJaroslava Vydrová, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The aim of the text is to address the phenomenon of hygiene as that which concerns the transitory boundary of our corporeality (the lived body in the physical body), as an ambiguous and diverse phenomenon, which presents itself in various ways (in the field of expressivity). The study draws on the fruitful cooperation between phenomenology and philosophical anthropology. In the first part, the text analyzes how corporeality is treated in the phenomenological reflection based on Edmund Husserl’s conception of the lived body and in the following phenomenological thematizations of corporeality. Upon the foundation of such an approach, we engage in an elaboration of the problem of hygiene in its anthropological specificity. With the help of an anthropological study of Helmuth Plessner, it is possible, in the subsequent parts of the text, to approach the phenomenon of hygiene in its particular manifestations—as expressions of interaction in society (with examples of diplomacy and good manners) as well as in the field of artistic expressions (with examples of hygienic images in the first half of the 20th century). Hygiene thus appears as a phenomenon in the framework of a complex being in the world, and it cannot be derived from the outer (socially construed) or causal-physiological phenomena. This makes hygiene a specific leading clue for the research regarding subjectivity.
Keywords: Edmund Husserl, Helmuth Plessner, hygiene, lived body, works of art
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 102; Downloads: 30
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469. The Silent Biomedical Others : Intimacy, Communication, and Neurological QueernessMaxim Miroshnichenko, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: In this essay, I delineate the relationship between movement, thought, and the ability to speak. In neurology, the biomedical view constructs the image of the subaltern, a muted lifeform devoid of personality and whose life is not congruent with the concepts of autonomy and capacity. I propose to name these human beings “biomedical others.” An anomaly, this subaltern, is an underside of the philosophical totalization of subjectivity. In the biomedical framework, others are devoid of speech. Medicine, its institutes, and agents in the healthcare system speak to them. However, the lives of biomedical others are based on gestures, facial expressions, and body commands that are enacted as micro-gestures. The urgency to give voice to the biomedical others is the ethical task of this essay. They are namely voiceless and powerless, evoking a different kind of ethics: fragility, minority, and silence.
Keywords: biomedical others, disability, neurology, patient, subaltern
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 94; Downloads: 29
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470. La primauté de la constitution de l’objet transitionnel chez Marc RichirMing-Hon Chu, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The Primacy of Constitution of the Transitional Object in Marc Richir
Among the psychoanalysts, it was primarily Donald Winnicott who helped Marc Richir to clarify and develop genetic phenomenology, which had already been outlined by Edmund Husserl. The paper attempts to demonstrate the use Richir makes of Winnicott’s works for his own research devoted to the elaboration of Husserl’s project. According to Richir’s reading, Winnicott insisted on the “primacy of constitution of the transitional object” for the access to the real. By referring to Winnicott’s own words, we seek to show in what sense he privileges the constitutional role of the transitional object, and how Richir adopts and reinterprets his teachings. We explicate that the transitional object reveals its complexity through the function that at once enables and disturbs the process of “hominization.”
Keywords: Winnicott, psychoanalysis, genetic phenomenology, play, breakdown
Published in DiRROS: 23.10.2024; Views: 125; Downloads: 42
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