1581. Male mating strategies to counter sexual conflict in spidersShichang Zhang, Long Yu, Min Tan, Noeleen Y. L. Tan, Xaven X. B. Wong, Matjaž Kuntner, Daiqin Li, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: When sexual conflict selects for reproductive strategies that only benefit one of the sexes, evolutionary arms races may ensue. Female sexual cannibalism is an extreme manifestation of sexual conflict. Here we test two male mating strategies aiming at countering sexual cannibalism in spiders. The “better charged palp” hypothesis predicts male selected use of the paired sexual organ (palp) containing more sperm for their first copulation. The “fast sperm transfer” hypothesis predicts accelerated insemination when cannibalism is high. Our comparative tests on five orbweb spider species with varying levels of female sexual cannibalism and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) reveal that males choose the palp with more sperm for the first copulation with cannibalistic females and that males transfer significantly more sperm if females are cannibalistic or when SSD is biased. By supporting the two hypotheses, these results provide credibility for male mating syndrome. They, however, open new questions, namely, how does a male differentiate sperm quantities between his palps? How does he perform palp choice after assessing his cannibalistic partner? By conducting follow-up experiments on Nephilengys malabarensis, we reveal that it is sperm volume detection, rather than left-right palp dominance, that plays prominently in male palp choice.
Keywords: spiders, sexual conflict, female sexual cannibalism
Published in DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Views: 324; Downloads: 237
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1582. Physiological and transcriptional responses to saline irrigation of young ‘Tempranillo’ vines grafted onto different rootstocksIgnacio Buesa, Juan G. Pérez-Pérez, Fernando Visconti, Rebeka Strah, Diego S. Intrigliolo, Luis Bonet, Kristina Gruden, Maruša Pompe Novak, Jose M. de Paz, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The use of more salt stress-tolerant vine rootstocks can be a sustainable strategy for adapting traditional grapevine cultivars to future conditions. However, how the new M1 and M4 rootstocks perform against salinity compared to conventional ones, such as the 1103-Paulsen, had not been previously assessed under real field conditions. Therefore, a field trial was carried out in a young ‘Tempranillo’ (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard grafted onto all three rootstocks under a semi-arid and hot-summer Mediterranean climate. The vines were irrigated with two kinds of water: a non-saline Control with EC of 0.8 dS m–1 and a Saline treatment with 3.5 dS m–1. Then, various physiological parameters were assessed in the scion, and, additionally, gene expression was studied by high throughput sequencing in leaf and berry tissues. Plant water relations evidenced the osmotic effect of water quality, but not that of the rootstock. Accordingly, leaf-level gas exchange rates were also reduced in all three rootstocks, with M1 inducing significantly lower net photosynthesis rates than 1103-Paulsen. Nevertheless, the expression of groups of genes involved in photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism pathways were not significantly and differentially expressed. The irrigation with saline water significantly increased leaf chloride contents in the scion onto the M-rootstocks, but not onto the 1103P. The limitation for leaf Cl– and Na+ accumulation on the scion was conferred by rootstock. Few processes were differentially regulated in the scion in response to the saline treatment, mainly, in the groups of genes involved in the flavonoids and phenylpropanoids metabolic pathways. However, these transcriptomic effects were not fully reflected in grape phenolic ripeness, with M4 being the only one that did not cause reductions in these compounds in response to salinity, and 1103-Paulsen having the highest overall concentrations. These results suggest that all three rootstocks confer short-term salinity tolerance to the scion. The lower transcriptomic changes and the lower accumulation of potentially phytotoxic ions in the scion grafted onto 1103-Paulsen compared to M-rootstocks point to the former being able to maintain this physiological response in the longer term. Further agronomic trials should be conducted to confirm these effects on vine physiology and transcriptomics in mature vineyards.
Keywords: osmotic adjustment, gas exchange, gene expression, water relations, Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine), salinity tolerance
Published in DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Views: 365; Downloads: 247
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1583. PaintOmics 4 : new tools for the integrative analysis of multi-omics datasets supported by multiple pathway databasesTianyuan Liu, Pedro Salguero, Marko Petek, Carlos Martinez-Mira, Leandro Balzano-Nogueira, Živa Ramšak, Lauren McIntyre, Kristina Gruden, Sonia Tarazona, Ana Conesa, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: PaintOmics is a web server for the integrative analysis and visualisation of multi-omics datasets using biological pathway maps. PaintOmics 4 has several notable updates that improve and extend analyses. Three pathway databases are now supported: KEGG, Reactome and MapMan, providing more comprehensive pathway knowledge for animals and plants. New metabolite analysis methods fill gaps in traditional pathway-based enrichment methods. The metabolite hub analysis selects compounds with a high number of significant genes in their neighbouring network, suggesting regulation by gene expression changes. The metabolite class activity analysis tests the hypothesis that a metabolic class has a higher-than-expected proportion of significant elements, indicating that these compounds are regulated in the experiment. Finally, PaintOmics 4 includes a regulatory omics module to analyse the contribution of trans-regulatory layers (microRNA and transcription factors, RNA-binding proteins) to regulate pathways. We show the performance of PaintOmics 4 on both mouse and plant data to highlight how these new analysis features provide novel insights into regulatory biology.
Keywords: PaintOmics 4, web tools, datasets, analysis methods, molecular biology
Published in DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Views: 336; Downloads: 243
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1586. Effect of the oral intake of astaxanthin on semen parameters in patients with oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia : a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trialSenka Imamović-Kumalić, Irma Virant-Klun, Eda Vrtačnik-Bokal, Bojana Pinter, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Background Higher concentrations of seminal reactive oxygen species may be related to male infertility. Astaxanthin with high antioxidant activity can have an impact on the prevention and treatment of various health conditions, including cancer. However, efficacy studies on astaxanthin in patients with oligospermia with/without astheno- or teratozoospermia (O+-A+-T) have not yet been reported. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the oral intake of astaxanthin on semen parameters. Patients and methods In a randomized double-blind trial, 80 men with O+-A+-T were allocated to intervention with 16 mg astaxanthin orally daily or placebo. At baseline and after three months basic semen parameters, sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of spermatozoa and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) value were measured. Results Analysis of the results of 72 patients completing the study (37 in the study group, 35 in the placebo group) did not show any statistically significant change, in the astaxanthin group no improvements in the total number of spermatozoa, concentration of spermatozoa, total motility of spermatozoa, morphology of spermatozoa, DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial membrane potential of spermatozoa or serum FSH were determined. In the placebo group, statistically significant changes in the total number and concentration of spermatozoa were determined. Conclusions The oral intake of astaxanthin did not affect any semen parameters in patients with O+-A+-T.
Keywords: DNA fragmentation, antioxidant, cancer
Published in DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Views: 317; Downloads: 200
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1587. Completely resected stage III melanoma controversy : 15 years of national tertiary centre experienceBarbara Perić, Sara Milićević, Andraž Perhavec, Marko Hočevar, Janez Žgajnar, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Background Two prospective randomized studies analysing cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases and rapid development of systemic adjuvant therapy have changed our approach to stage III CM treatment. The aim of this study was to compare results of retrospective survival analysis of stage III CM patients% treatment from Slovenian national CM register to leading international clinical guidelines. Patients and methods Since 2000, all Slovenian CM patients with primary tumour % TIb are treated at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana and data are prospectively collected into a national CM registry. A retrospective analysis of 2426 sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies and 789 lymphadenectomies performed until 2015 was conducted using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests. Results Positive SLN was found in 519/2426 (21.4%) of patients and completion dissection (CLND) was performed in 455 patients. The 5-year overall survival (OS) of CLND group was 58% vs. 47% of metachronous metastases group (MLNM) (p = 0.003). The 5-year OS of patients with lymph node (LN) metastases and unknown primary site (UPM) was 45% vs. 21% of patients with synchronous LN metastasis. Patients with SLN tumour burden < 0.3 mm had 5-year OS similar to SLN negative patients (86% vs. 85%; p = 0.926). The 5-year OS of patients with burden > 1.0 mm was similar to the MLNM group (49% vs. 47%; p = 0.280). Conclusions Stage III melanoma patients is a heterogeneous group with significant OS differences. CLND after positive SLNB might still remain a method of treatment for selected patients with stage III.
Keywords: cutaneous melanoma, surgery treatment, sentinel node biopsy
Published in DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Views: 347; Downloads: 174
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1588. Poročilo o preskusu št.: LVG 2024-061 : vzorec št. 2024/00310Nikica Ogris, 2024, expertise, arbitration decision Keywords: varstvo gozdov, morfološke analize, črna jelša, Alnus glutinosa, list, rja, gliva, Melampsoridium betulinum
Published in DiRROS: 17.07.2024; Views: 327; Downloads: 134
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1589. Systematic comparison of nanopore and illumina sequencing for the detection of plant viruses and viroids using total RNA sequencing approachAnja Pecman, Ian Adams, Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Adrian Fox, Neil Boonham, Maja Ravnikar, Denis Kutnjak, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has become an important tool for plant virus detection and discovery. Nanopore sequencing has been rapidly developing in the recent years and offers new possibilities for fast diagnostic applications of HTS. With this in mind, a study was completed, comparing the most established HTS platform (MiSeq benchtop sequencer—Illumina), with the MinION sequencer (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) for the detection of plant viruses and viroids. Method comparisons were performed on five selected samples, containing two viroids, which were sequenced using nanopore technology for the first time and 11 plant viruses with different genome organizations. For all samples, sequencing libraries for the MiSeq were prepared from ribosomal RNA-depleted total RNA (rRNA-depleted totRNA) and for MinION sequencing, direct RNA sequencing of totRNA was used. Moreover, for one of the samples, which contained five different plant viruses and a viroid, three additional variations of sample preparation for MinION sequencing were also used: direct RNA sequencing of rRNA-depleted totRNA, cDNA-PCR sequencing of totRNA, and cDNA-PCR sequencing of rRNA-depleted totRNA. Whilst direct RNA sequencing of total RNA was the quickest of the tested approaches, it was also the least sensitive: using this approach, we failed to detect only one virus that was present in a sample at an extremely low titer. All other MinION sequencing approaches showed improved performance with outcomes similar to Illumina sequencing, with cDNA-PCR sequencing of rRNA-depleted totRNA showing the best performance amongst tested nanopore MinION sequencing approaches. Moreover, when enough sequencing data were generated, high-quality consensus viral genome sequences could be reconstructed from MinION sequencing data, with high identity to the ones generated from Illumina data. The results of this study implicate that, when an appropriate sample and library preparation are selected, nanopore MinION sequencing could be used for the detection of plant viruses and viroids with similar performance as Illumina sequencing. Taken as a balance of practicality and performance, this suggests that MinION sequencing may be an ideal tool for fast and affordable virus diagnostics.
Keywords: high-throughput sequencing, plant virus, viroid detection, comparison, nanopore MinION sequencing, illumina MiSeq sequencing
Published in DiRROS: 16.07.2024; Views: 392; Downloads: 236
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1590. Diversity of dinoflagellate symbionts in scyphozoan hosts from shallow environments : the Mediterranean Sea and Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)Lucija Raspor Dall'Olio, Alfred Beran, Vesna Flander-Putrle, Alenka Malej, Andreja Ramšak, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: Symbiotic scyphozoan jellyfish are poorly understood in terms of their symbionts and traits, as well as the ecological significance of this association. Dinoflagellate symbionts of the medusae Cotylorhiza tuberculata, Phyllorhiza punctata, and Cassiopea xamachana collected in the Mediterranean Sea and Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were phylogenetically identified based on 28S rDNA and ITS2 haplotypes. The studied medusae harbour only one phylotype of symbionts in a time, but scyphozoan jellyfishes can associate with several types of symbionts. This study confirmed that the main symbionts of investigated scyphozoans belong to the genera Symbiodinium, Philozoon, and Breviolum. The associations between dinoflagellate symbionts and Cotylorhiza tuberculata changed from year to year, hosting Philozoon one year and Breviolum another. Invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea Phyllorhiza punctata harboured dinoflagellate symbionts of genus Symbiodinium as in the native areal. Pigment analysis of two shallow-water symbiont species Breviolum sp. and Philozoon medusarum revealed characteristic profiles for each genus.
Keywords: symbiodiniaceae, scyphozoa, 28S rDNA, ITS2, cultivation, pigments, marine biology
Published in DiRROS: 16.07.2024; Views: 398; Downloads: 210
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