951. Sonography of pleural space in healthy pregnants - preliminary resultsIgor Kocijančič, 2005, original scientific article Abstract: Background. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of sonographically visible normal pleural fluid finding in healthy pregnants. Methods. Chest sonography was performed in 47 pregnant volunteers, searching for pleural fluid, first leaning on the elbow and than in a sitting position. 9-12 MHz linear probe was used. If the result of the first examination was positive (at least 2 mm thick anechoic layer), we repeated the procedure with 3-6 MHz large radius convex probe. Results. The fluid layer of typical wedge-shaped appearance was visible in the pleural space of 28/47 (59.5%) pregnant volunteers, on both sides in 18/47 (38.3%) and unilaterally in 10/47 (21.2%). The mean fhickness of fluid layer (mean of positive results in both positions) was 2.86 mm (SD 1.09 mm, range from 1.8 mm to 6.4 mm). More than 3 mm thick fluid layer was easily detected with 3-6 MHz abdominal convex probe in 7/47 (15%). Conclusions. Small amounts of pleural fluid can sometimes be detected by chest sonography, and hence also by abdominal sonography, in otherwise healthy pregnants. Such a positive result, if isolated, should not be taken as a sign of occult thoracic disease.
Published in DiRROS: 14.02.2024; Views: 214; Downloads: 47
 Full text (115,49 KB) |
952. MHC class II molecules and tumour immunotherapyIrena Oven, 2005, review article Abstract: Tumour immunontherapy attempts to use the specificity and capability of the immune system to kill malignant cells with a minimum damage to normal tissue. Increasing knowledge of the identity of tumour antigens should help us design more effective therapeutic vaccines. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that MHC class II molecules and CD4+T cells play important roles in generating and maintaining antitumour immune responses in animal models. These data suggest that be necessary to involve both CD+ and CD+T cells for more effective antitumour therapy. Novel strategies have been developed for enhancing T cell responses against cancer by prolonging antigen prersentation of denritic cells to T cells, by the inclusion of MHC class II-restricted tumour antigens and by genetically modifying tumour cells to present antigen to T lymphocytes directly. Vaccines against cancers aim to induce tumour-specific effector T cells that can reduce tumour mass and induce development of tumour-specific T cell memory, that can control tumour relapse.
Published in DiRROS: 14.02.2024; Views: 211; Downloads: 46
Full text (168,54 KB) |
953. |
954. |
955. Unusual radiographic changes of a gout patientJelena Markota, 2004, professional article Abstract: Background. Gout is a metabolic disorder that results in hyperuricemia and accumulation of uric acid crystals (urats) in tissues, especially joint cortilage. The gouty arthritis presents as acute attacks of arthritis leading eventually to chronic gouty arthritis. In 80% of cases it first occurs in the matatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the great toe and is more frequent in mnle population. Case report. We present a case of unusual radiographic changes accompanying gouhy arthritis. A 63 year old female complained about swelling of the first MTP joint on the right, right knee, about stiffness of feet and hands' digits and about backache. First symptoms started to appear 30 years ago. In the time of examination radiographs displayed degenerative changes of the majority of presented joints, bilateral sacroiliitis and osseous ankylosisof both insteps. Microscopic examination showed urate crystals in thesamples of the synovial fluid aspirated from the knee. The histological findings of the synovial tissue after the synovectomy were also in favour of gouty arthritis. Conclusions. Radiographs are the most irnportant imaging modality in the diagnostic process of gout. However, radiographic differentialdiagnosis can be difficult, since the findings overlap with other conditions which cause arthritis and osteoarthritis especially in longstandinggout, elderly patients and females. The diagnosis must be often confirmed with the help of Inboratory and histological findings.
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 203; Downloads: 40
Full text (6,47 MB) |
956. Radiographic, computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging appearances of primary V-cutting zone of resorption of lumbar vertebral body in Paget's diseaseVladimir Jevtič, 2004, professional article Abstract: Background. Paget's disease of bone typically demonstrates three evolutionary phases with the characteristic radiographic findings. The incipient stage is manifested by an advancing lytic zone of resorption. Unlike the skull and the long bones the primary advancing zone of rarefication has not been clearly demonstrated within the spine and pelvis. Case report. A 62-year-old man with histologically proved polyostotic Paget's disease was admitted to the hospitaldue to the exacerbation of pain at the toracolumbar junction with deterioration during the night. Due to slight elevation of acid phosphatase and clinical signs indicating prostatic hypertrophy the possibility of metastatic prostatic carcinoma has been raised. A bone scintigraphy with technetium phosphonate showed the expected marked increased uptake affecting numerous bones with the typical radiographic signs of Paget's disease. Besidesthese findings, there was also moderate focal accumulation within the right dorsal half of the vertebral body of L1. Conventional tomography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated theprimary cutting zone of resorption affecting the same region. Conclusions. We present a unique case of Paget's disease with primary V-cutting zone withinthe undeformed vertebral body of L1 and spontaneous progression to the midphase of the disease on a three year follow-up.
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 203; Downloads: 49
Full text (6,47 MB) |
957. Clinical importance of portal venous gas detected by abdominal sonography : a report of two casesPrimož Gregorič, Alenka Višnar-Perovič, 2004, professional article Abstract: Background. Portal venous gas (PVG) can be a sign of serious disease and a predictor of poor clinical outcome. However, it ean also occur as a transient phenomenon with little clinical significance, especially following blunt abdominal trauma and various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Case reports. We describe two patients with PVG detected on abdominal sonography, who had very similar sonographic findings but a completely different clinical outcome. The first patient was a 70-year-old man in whom PVG was the consequence of mesenteric infarction; the patient died in hospital shortly after the admission. Our second patient was a 26-year-old man who was injured in a motor vehicle accident. He was clinically stable and needed no aggressivetreatment. PVG proved to be a transient phenomenon that cleared spontaneously within a day. Conclusions. Doppler sonography is a sensitive andspecific modality for the detection of PVG. In patients with a serious underlying disease, sonography can identify the cause of PVG, so that the appropriate therapy may be undertaken without delay. If the aetiology is unclear, the decision to undertake further expensive and potentially harmful diagnostic procedures should be based on the patient's clinical status.
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 216; Downloads: 55
Full text (163,53 KB) |
958. Interventional radiological management of complications in renal transplantationPeter Popović, Katarina Šurlan Popović, 2004, review article Abstract: Background. The most frequent radiologically evaluated and treated complications in renal transplantation are perirenal and renal fluid collection and abnormalities of the vasculature and collecting system. Renal and perirenal fluid collection is usually treated successfully with percutaneous drainage. Doppler US, MRA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are most important in the evaluation of vascular complications of renal transplantation and management of the endovaseular therapy. Conclusions. Stenosis, the most common vascular complication, occurs in 1% to 12% of transplanted renal arteries and represents a potentially curable cause of hypertension following transplantation and/or renal dysfunction. Treatment with percutaneous transluntinal renal angioplasty (PTRA) or PTRA with stent has been technically successful in 82 to 92% of the cases, and graft salvage rate has ranged from 80-100%. Complications such as arterial and vein thrombosis are uncommon. Intrarenal A/V fistulas and pseudoaneurysms are occasionally seen after biopsy, the treatment reguires superselective embolisation. Urologic complications are relatively uncommon; they consist predominantly of the urinary leaks and urethral obstruction. Interventional treatment consists of percutaneous nephrostomy, balloon dilation, insertion ofthe double J stents, metallic stent placement and external drainage of the extrarenal collections. The aim of the paper is to review the role of interventional radiology in the management of complications in renal transplantation.
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 205; Downloads: 50
Full text (327,82 KB) |
959. Magnetic resonance angiography of the portal venous systemPavel Berden, 2004, professional article Abstract: Background. Imaging of the portal venous system is necessary in different clinical conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is useful in obtaining high quality portal vein images. A fast gradient-echo MR imaging sequence with minimum repetition time and echo time is used. Up to 40 ml of paramagnetic contrast is injected into peripheral vein as a bolus. The Arrival of contrast medium in the aorta is preferably detected with an automated system, when breath-hold sequence is started, and repeated two times, to depict arterial and venous phase. Maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) imaging is the usual postprocessing method.Conclusions. In patients with portal hypertension, MRA can present collateral pathway and patency of the portal vein or portosystemic shunt. In portal vein thrombosis MRA provides information about the location and length of portal vein obstruction and helps in therapeutic strategy decision. MRA is a proper technique in Budd-Chiari syndrome, where it is important to determinethe location and length of hepatie outflow obstruction. MRA is a verygood modality before liver transplantation to depict vascular anatomy and portal vein patency, and after liver transplantation to image possible liver complications. Its limitations include inappropriate positioning of the 3D acquisition slab, respiratory motion artefacts, and metal implants (e.g. pacemaker).
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 247; Downloads: 55
Full text (250,81 KB) |
960. Radiologic imaging of acute pancreatitisMojca Glušič, Erika Brenčič, Peter Popović, 2004, professional article Abstract: Background. Acute pancreatitis comprises a broad spectrum of inflammatory changes in the gland and has a variety of causes. The most common are alcoholism and biliary tract disease. This paper discusses the current concepts of diagnosis and the relationship between morphology as depieted by imaging, pancreatic function tests and treatment planning. Conclusions. Our understanding of the morphologic changes produced by the inflammatory process has expanded in the last decade as more sophisticated imaging techniques have been used for evaluation.
Published in DiRROS: 13.02.2024; Views: 201; Downloads: 48
Full text (163,66 KB) |
