71. Coastal high-frequency radars in the Mediterranean : Applications in support of science priorities and societal needsEmma Reyes, Eva Aguiar, Michele Bendoni, Maristella Berta, Carlo Brandini, Alejandro Cáceres-Euse, Fulvio Capodici, Vanessa Cardin, Daniela Cianelli, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Matjaž Ličer, 2022, review article Abstract: The Mediterranean Sea is a prominent climate-change hot spot, with many socioeconomically vital coastal areas being the most vulnerable targets for maritime safety, diverse met-ocean hazards and marine pollution. Providing an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution at wide coastal areas, high-frequency radars (HFRs) have been steadily gaining recognition as an effective land-based remote sensing technology for continuous monitoring of the surface circulation, increasingly waves and occasionally winds. HFR measurements have boosted the thorough scientific knowledge of coastal processes, also fostering a broad range of applications, which has promoted their integration in coastal ocean observing systems worldwide, with more than half of the European sites located in the Mediterranean coastal areas. In this work, we present a review of existing HFR data multidisciplinary science-based applications in the Mediterranean Sea, primarily focused on meeting end-user and science-driven requirements, addressing regional challenges in three main topics: (i) maritime safety, (ii) extreme hazards and (iii) environmental transport process. Additionally, the HFR observing and monitoring regional capabilities in the Mediterranean coastal areas required to underpin the underlying science and the further development of applications are also analyzed. The outcome of this assessment has allowed us to provide a set of recommendations for future improvement prospects to maximize the contribution to extending science-based HFR products into societally relevant downstream services to support blue growth in the Mediterranean coastal areas, helping to meet the UN's Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and the EU's Green Deal goals.
Keywords: coastal monitoring, Mediterranean Sea, multi-platform observing systems, oceanography
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Views: 42; Downloads: 13
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72. Coastal high-frequency radars in the Mediterranean : Status of operations and a framework for future developmentPablo Lorente, Eva Aguiar, Michele Bendoni, Maristella Berta, Carlo Brandini, Alejandro Cáceres-Euse, Fulvio Capodici, Daniela Cianelli, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Lorenzo Corgnati, Matjaž Ličer, 2022, review article Abstract: Due to the semi-enclosed nature of the Mediterranean Sea, natural disasters and anthropogenic activities impose stronger pressures on its coastal ecosystems than in any other sea of the world. With the aim of responding adequately to science priorities and societal challenges, littoral waters must be effectively monitored with high-frequency radar (HFR) systems. This land-based remote sensing technology can provide, in near-real time, fine-resolution maps of the surface circulation over broad coastal areas, along with reliable directional wave and wind information. The main goal of this work is to showcase the current status of the Mediterranean HFR network and the future roadmap for orchestrated actions. Ongoing collaborative efforts and recent progress of this regional alliance are not only described but also connected with other European initiatives and global frameworks, highlighting the advantages of this cost-effective instrument for the multi-parameter monitoring of the sea state. Coordinated endeavors between HFR operators from different multi-disciplinary institutions are mandatory to reach a mature stage at both national and regional levels, striving to do the following: (i) harmonize deployment and maintenance practices; (ii) standardize data, metadata, and quality control procedures; (iii) centralize data management, visualization, and access platforms; and (iv) develop practical applications of societal benefit that can be used for strategic planning and informed decision-making in the Mediterranean marine environment. Such fit-for-purpose applications can serve for search and rescue operations, safe vessel navigation, tracking of marine pollutants, the monitoring of extreme events, the investigation of transport processes, and the connectivity between offshore waters and coastal ecosystems. Finally, future prospects within the Mediterranean framework are discussed along with a wealth of socioeconomic, technical, and scientific challenges to be faced during the implementation of this integrated HFR regional network.
Keywords: coastal regions, Mediterranean Sea, multi-platform observing systems, oceanography
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Views: 33; Downloads: 17
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73. Intertwined roles of reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid signaling are crucial for the plant response to biotic stressTjaša Lukan, Anna Coll Rius, 2022, review article Abstract: One of the earliest hallmarks of plant immune response is production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different subcellular compartments, which regulate plant immunity. A suitable equilibrium, which is crucial to prevent ROS overaccumulation leading to oxidative stress, is maintained by salicylic acid (SA), a chief regulator of ROS. However, ROS not only act downstream of SA signaling, but are also proposed to be a central component of a self-amplifying loop that regulates SA signaling as well as the interaction balance between different phytohormones. The exact role of this crosstalk, the position where SA interferes with ROS signaling and ROS interferes with SA signaling and the outcome of this regulation, depend on the origin of ROS but also on the pathosystem. The precise spatiotemporal regulation of organelle-specific ROS and SA levels determine the effectiveness of pathogen arrest and is therefore crucial for a successful immune response. However, the regulatory interplay behind still remains poorly understood, as up until now, the role of organelle-specific ROS and SA in hypersensitive response (HR)-conferred resistance has mostly been studied by altering the level of a single component. In order to address these aspects, a sophisticated combination of research methods for monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of key players and transcriptional activity in plants is needed and will most probably consist of biosensors and precision transcriptomics.
Keywords: plant immune response, reactive oxygen species, ROS, salicylic acid, programmed cell death, biotic stress, biotechnology
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Views: 32; Downloads: 10
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74. Biomaterials and bioactive natural products from marine invertebratesGiovanna Romano, Mariana Almeida, Ana Varela Coelho, Adele Cutignano, Luís Moreira Gonçalves, Espen Hansen, Denis Khnykin, Tali Mass, Andreja Ramšak, Miguel Rocha S., Tiago Henriques da Silva, Michela Sugni, Loriano Ballarin, Anne-Marie Geneviere, 2022, review article Abstract: Aquatic invertebrates are a major source of biomaterials and bioactive natural products that can find applications as pharmaceutics, nutraceutics, cosmetics, antibiotics, antifouling products and biomaterials. Symbiotic microorganisms are often the real producers of many secondary metabolites initially isolated from marine invertebrates; however, a certain number of them are actually synthesized by the macro-organisms. In this review, we analysed the literature of the years 2010–2019 on natural products (bioactive molecules and biomaterials) from the main phyla of marine invertebrates explored so far, including sponges, cnidarians, molluscs, echinoderms and ascidians, and present relevant examples of natural products of interest to public and private stakeholders. We also describe omics tools that have been more relevant in identifying and understanding mechanisms and processes underlying the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in marine invertebrates. Since there is increasing attention on finding new solutions for a sustainable large-scale supply of bioactive compounds, we propose that a possible improvement in the biodiscovery pipeline might also come from the study and utilization of aquatic invertebrate stem cells.
Keywords: marine natural products, marine biomaterials, marine invertebrates, bioactivity, stem cells
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Views: 24; Downloads: 15
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75. Photocatalytic material–microbe hybrids : applications in environmental remediationsYadong Yu, Shanshan Wang, Jinrui Teng, Anže Županič, Shuxian Guo, Xiaobin Tang, Heng Liang, 2022, review article Abstract: Environmental pollution has become one of the most urgent global issues that we have to face now. Searching new technologies to solve environmental issues is of great significance. By intimately coupling photocatalytic materials with microbes, the emerging photocatalytic material–microbe hybrid (PMH) system takes advantages of the high-efficiency, broad-spectrum light capture capability of the photocatalytic material and the selectivity of microbial enzymatic catalysis to efficiently convert solar energy into chemical energy. The PMH system is originally applied for the solar-to-chemical production. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate that this system also has great potential in treating environmental contaminations. The photogenerated electrons produced by the PMH system can reductively decompose organic pollutants with oxidative nature (e.g., refractory azo dyes) under anaerobic circumstances. Moreover, based on the redox reactions occurring on the surface of photocatalysts and the enzymatic reactions in microbes, the PMH system can convert the valences of multiple heavy metal ions into less toxic or even nontoxic status simultaneously. In this review, we introduce the recent advances of using the PMH system in treating environmental pollutions and compare this system with another similar system, the traditional intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) system. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in this field are discussed as well.
Keywords: nanoparticles, molibden, molecular toxicology, environmental remediation
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Views: 14; Downloads: 7
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76. Poročilo o preskusu št.: LVG 2024-081 : vzorec št. 2024/00427Nikica Ogris, Špela Hočevar, Barbara Piškur, 2024, expertise, arbitration decision Keywords: varstvo gozdov, morfološke analize, program preiskav, Fusarium circinatum, Pinus, borov smolasti rak, PCR
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Views: 25; Downloads: 0
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77. Poročilo o preskusu št.: LVG 2024-080 : vzorec št. 2024/00409Barbara Piškur, Špela Hočevar, 2024, expertise, arbitration decision Keywords: varstvo gozdov, morfološke analize, program preiskav, Fusarium circinatum, Pinus, borov smolasti rak, PCR
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Views: 16; Downloads: 0
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78. Framing cutting-edge integrative deep-sea biodiversity monitoring via environmental DNA and optoacoustic augmented infrastructuresSergio Stefanni, Luca Mirimin, David Stanković, Damianos Chatzievangelou, Lucia Bongiorni, Simone Marini, Maria Vittoria Modica, Elisabetta Manea, Federico Bonofiglio, Joaquin del Rio Fernandez, Neven Cukrov, Ana Gavrilović, Fabio C. De Leo, Jacopo Aguzzi, 2022, review article Abstract: Deep-sea ecosystems are reservoirs of biodiversity that are largely unexplored, but their exploration and biodiscovery are becoming a reality thanks to biotechnological advances (e.g., omics technologies) and their integration in an expanding network of marine infrastructures for the exploration of the seas, such as cabled observatories. While still in its infancy, the application of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approaches is revolutionizing marine biodiversity monitoring capability. Indeed, the analysis of eDNA in conjunction with the collection of multidisciplinary optoacoustic and environmental data, can provide a more comprehensive monitoring of deep-sea biodiversity. Here, we describe the potential for acquiring eDNA as a core component for the expanding ecological monitoring capabilities through cabled observatories and their docked Internet Operated Vehicles (IOVs), such as crawlers. Furthermore, we provide a critical overview of four areas of development: (i) Integrating eDNA with optoacoustic imaging; (ii) Development of eDNA repositories and cross-linking with other biodiversity databases; (iii) Artificial Intelligence for eDNA analyses and integration with imaging data; and (iv) Benefits of eDNA augmented observatories for the conservation and sustainable management of deep-sea biodiversity. Finally, we discuss the technical limitations and recommendations for future eDNA monitoring of the deep-sea. It is hoped that this review will frame the future direction of an exciting journey of biodiscovery in remote and yet vulnerable areas of our planet, with the overall aim to understand deep-sea biodiversity and hence manage and protect vital marine resources.
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Views: 19; Downloads: 10
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