71. Layman's report : Close-to-nature forest sustainable management under climate changesCristina Vettori, Roberta Ferrante, Cesare Garosi, Francesco Parisi, Patrizia Rossi, Davide Travaglini, Donatella Paffetti, Sanja Bogunović, Mladen Ivanković, Anđelina Gavranović Markić, Marko Bajc, Rok Damjanić, Natalija Dovč, Tine Grebenc, Tijana Martinović, Tanja Mrak, Tina Unuk Nahberger, Boris Rantaša, Nataša Šibanc, Katja Kavčič Sonnenschein, Marjana Westergren, Hojka Kraigher, Andrej Breznikar, Kristina Sever, 2024, final research report Keywords: Close-to-nature, forest sustainable management, climate changes
Published in DiRROS: 31.01.2025; Views: 71; Downloads: 39
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72. Global meta-analysis shows action is needed to halt genetic diversity lossRobyn E. Shaw, Katherine A. Farquharson, Michael W. Bruford, David J. Coates, Carole P. Elliott, Joachim Mergeay, Kym M. Ottewell, Gernot Segelbacher, Sean Hoban, Christina Hvilsom, Tina Unuk Nahberger, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Mitigating loss of genetic diversity is a major global biodiversity challenge1,2,3,4. To meet recent international commitments to maintain genetic diversity within species5,6, we need to understand relationships between threats, conservation management and genetic diversity change. Here we conduct a global analysis of genetic diversity change via meta-analysis of all available temporal measures of genetic diversity from more than three decades of research. We show that within-population genetic diversity is being lost over timescales likely to have been impacted by human activities, and that some conservation actions may mitigate this loss. Our dataset includes 628 species (animals, plants, fungi and chromists) across all terrestrial and most marine realms on Earth. Threats impacted two-thirds of the populations that we analysed, and less than half of the populations analysed received conservation management. Genetic diversity loss occurs globally and is a realistic prediction for many species, especially birds and mammals, in the face of threats such as land use change, disease, abiotic natural phenomena and harvesting or harassment. Conservation strategies designed to improve environmental conditions, increase population growth rates and introduce new individuals (for example, restoring connectivity or performing translocations) may maintain or even increase genetic diversity. Our findings underscore the urgent need for active, genetically informed conservation interventions to halt genetic diversity loss.
Keywords: global meta-analysis, genetic diversity
Published in DiRROS: 31.01.2025; Views: 120; Downloads: 48
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74. High spatial but low temporal variability in ectomycorrhizal community composition in Abies alba forest standsTina Unuk Nahberger, Hojka Kraigher, Tine Grebenc, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: The ectomycorrhizal symbionts of silver fir have rarely been analyzed and identified, so little is known about their diversity and distribution. The aim of this study was (1) to analyze the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal species in three geographically distinct forest stands of Abies alba and (2) to demonstrate the high temporal variability of the ectomycorrhizal community over two consecutive growing seasons using repeated monthly sampling. Root samples were taken every month during two growing seasons in three silver fir-dominated forest stands. The ectomycorrhizal root tips were first assigned to a morphotype based on morphological characteristics and then identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region. Alpha and beta diversity differed significantly between all three study sites, with the most diverse and even ectomycorrhizal community described in plot Jelovški boršt. The diversity indices over the growing season were different at two of the three study sites, supporting the idea of a fluctuation of ectomycorrhizal taxa during the growing seasons of the two consecutive years. While significant temporal variability was only confirmed for certain ectomycorrhizal taxa, there were no significant changes in the ectomycorrhizal community in general. Thus, we confirmed the high spatial but low temporal variability of the ectomycorrhizal community associated with silver fir.
Keywords: ectomycorrhizal community, spatiotemporal variation, silver fir, fungal diversity, forest, root-associated fungi
Published in DiRROS: 31.01.2025; Views: 94; Downloads: 47
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75. Inequalities on the essential joint and essential generalized spectral radiusBrian Lins, Aljoša Peperko, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: We prove new inequalities for the essential generalized and the essential joint spectral radius of Hadamard (Schur) weighted geometric means of bounded sets of infinite nonnegative matrices that define operators on suitable Banach sequence spaces and of bounded sets of positive kernel operators on $L^2$. To our knowledge the obtained inequalities are new even in the case of singelton sets.
Keywords: mathematics, weighted Hadamard-Schur geometric mean, Hadamard-Schur product, essential spectral radius, Haussdorf measure of noncompactness, joint and generalized spectral radius, positive kernel operators, non-negative matrices, bounded sets of operators
Published in DiRROS: 31.01.2025; Views: 84; Downloads: 37
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76. Monotonicity properties of weighted geometric symmetrizationsKatarina Bogdanović, Aljoša Peperko, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: We prove new monotonicity properties for spectral radius, essential spectral radius, operator norm, Hausdorff measure of non-compactness and numerical radius of products and sums of weighted geometric symmetrizations of positive kernel operators on $L^2$. To our knowledge, several proved properties are new even in the finite dimensional case.
Keywords: mathematics, weighted Hadamard-Schur geometric mean, Hadamard-Schur product, spectral radius, operator norm, Hausdorff measure of non-compactness, numerical radius, non-negative matrices, positive kernel operators
Published in DiRROS: 31.01.2025; Views: 68; Downloads: 36
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77. Synthesis of anti-inflammatory drugs’ chalcone derivatives and a study of their conformational properties through a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular modelingNikitas Georgiou, Andromachi Tzani, Kyriaki Vavougyiou, Christos Papadopoulos, Nikolaos Eleftheriadis, Primož Šket, Demeter Tzeli, Tuomas Niemi-Aro, Anastasia Detsi, Thomas Michael Mavromoustakos, 2025, original scientific article Published in DiRROS: 31.01.2025; Views: 75; Downloads: 47
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78. Enhanced performance of austenitic oxide dispersion-strengthened 316L steel: a study on ▫$Y_2O_3$▫ reinforcement and corrosion behaviourJan Pokorný, Jiří Kubásek, Črtomir Donik, David Nečas, Vojtěch Hybášek, Jaroslav Fojt, Anna Dobkowska, Irena Paulin, Jaroslav Čapek, Matjaž Godec, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: This study explores the mechanical and corrosion properties of yttria-reinforced 316L stainless steel. Powder precursor materials were prepared using mechanical alloying. Varying yttria (Y2O3) contents (1, 3, and 5 wt%) were used to assess its impact on the steel’s properties. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the successful dispersion of Y2O3 within the matrix, with the formation of chromium carbides during spark plasma sintering (SPS). The mechanical properties, including hardness and compressive yield strength, improved with increasing Y2O3 contents, with the highest strength observed in the 316L-5Y2O3 sample. However, corrosion resistance decreased with higher yttria concentrations. The 3 wt% Y2O3 sample exhibited the highest corrosion rate due to localized corrosion in areas enriched with oxide particles and chromium carbides. Electrochemical testing revealed that carbide formation and Cr-depleted regions from SPS processing contributed to the corrosion behaviour. These findings suggest that while yttria reinforcement enhances mechanical strength, optimizing the Y2O3 content and processing methods is crucial to balance both mechanical and corrosion performance in ODS 316L stainless steel.
Keywords: mechanical milling, SPS, 316L, austenitic stainless steel, yttria, ODS steel, corrosion, EPR-SL
Published in DiRROS: 31.01.2025; Views: 79; Downloads: 54
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79. The distance function on Coxeter-like graphs and self-dual codesMarko Orel, Draženka Višnjić, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Let $SGL_n(\mathbb{F}_2)$ be the set of all invertible $n\times n$ symmetric matrices over the binary field $\mathbb{F}_2$. Let $\Gamma_n$ be the graph with the vertex set $SGL_n(\mathbb{F}_2)$ where a pair of matrices $\{A,B\}$ form an edge if and only if $\textrm{rank}(A-B)=1$. In particular, $\Gamma_3$ is the well-known Coxeter graph. The distance function $d(A,B)$ in $\Gamma_n$ is described for all matrices $A,B\in SGL_n(\mathbb{F}_2)$. The diameter of $\Gamma_n$ is computed. For odd $n\geq 3$, it is shown that each matrix $A\in SGL_n(\mathbb{F}_2)$ such that $d(A,I)=\frac{n+5}{2}$ and $\textrm{rank}(A-I)=\frac{n+1}{2}$ where $I$ is the identity matrix induces a self-dual code in $\mathbb{F}_2^{n+1}$. Conversely, each self-dual code $C$ induces a family ${\cal F}_C$ of such matrices $A$. The families given by distinct self-dual codes are disjoint. The identification $C\leftrightarrow {\cal F}_C$ provides a graph theoretical description of self-dual codes. A result of Janusz (2007) is reproved and strengthened by showing that the orthogonal group ${\cal O}_n(\mathbb{F}_2)$ acts transitively on the set of all self-dual codes in $\mathbb{F}_2^{n+1}$.
Keywords: Coxeter graph, invertible symmetric matrices, binary field, rank, distance in graphs, alternate matrices, self-dual codes
Published in DiRROS: 31.01.2025; Views: 61; Downloads: 42
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