1. Zgodnje odkrivanje tveganja nenalezljivih bolezni pri bolnikih z rakom dojk na podlagi umetne inteligence (projekt ARTILLERY)Tomaž Vrtovec, Luka Škrlj, 2024, published scientific conference contribution Abstract: Naraščajoče zbolevanje in izboljšave pri zdravljenju bolnikov z rakom dojk prispevajo tudi k naraščajočemu številu preživelih, ki pa so bolj ogroženi za razvoj drugih kroničnih bolezni, kot so srčno-žilne bolezni, bolezni dihal, povečanje telesne mase in osteoporoza. Ker se večina bolnikov zdravi tudi z radioterapijo, lahko iz slik, pridobljenih z računalniško tomografijo za namene načrtovanja obsevanja, izluščimo tudi informacije o dejavnikih tveganja za druge bolezni. Cilj projekta ARTILLERY v sklopu okvirnega programa Evropske unije Obzorje Evropa je razvoj in vrednotenje zanesljivih in zaupanja vrednih računalniško podprtih sistemov umetne inteligence, ki jih bo mogoče uporabiti na rutinsko pridobljenih računalniško tomografskih slikah za odkrivanje kroničnih bolezni ali njihovih dejavnikov tveganja za namene podaljševanja pričakovane življenjske dobe in izboljšanja kakovosti življenja v naraščajoči populaciji preživelih bolnikov z rakom dojk. V Laboratoriju za slikovne tehnologije na Fakulteti za elektrotehniko Univerze v Ljubljani imamo dolgoletne izkušnje z razvojem in vrednotenjem računalniško podprtih metod za analizo medicinskih slik hrbtenice, zato je naša vloga pri projektu povezana z določanjem tveganja osteoporoze in osteopenije ter razpoznavanjem vretenčnih zlomov. Kljub temu, da je projekt šele v začetni fazi, smo razvili računalniško podprto metodo na osnovi umetne inteligence za segmentacijo hrbtenice in določanje področij zanimanja znotraj vretenčnih teles, na podlagi katerih bomo izluščili informacije o mineralni kostni gostoti ter jo povezali z referenčnimi diagnostičnimi izvidi. Rezultati začetnih raziskav kažejo, da bo razvita metoda potencialno uporabna za zgodnje odkrivanje osteoporoze in osteopenije ter za razpoznavanje vretenčnih zlomov.
Keywords: umetna inteligenca, globoko učenje, analiza medicinskih slik, rak dojke, osteoporoza
Published in DiRROS: 04.06.2024; Views: 61; Downloads: 25
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2. Podatki o petrologiji pliocensko-pleistocenskih sedimentov severovzhodne SlovenijeEva Mencin Gale, Polona Kralj, Mirka Trajanova, Luka Gale, Dragomir Skaberne, 2024, complete scientific database of research data Abstract: Podatki se nanašajo na petrološko analizo rečnih pliocensko-pleistocenskih sedimentov iz 14 prodnatih vzorcev iz slovenjgraškega, nazarskega, celjskega in dravsko-ptujskega bazena (severovzhodna Slovenija), ki so bili vzorčeni za namen litološke analize klastov. Petrološka analiza obsega opise 155 zbruskov metamorfnih, vulkanskih, vulkanoklastičnih, klastičnih in karbonatnih kamnin. Ti podatki predstavljajo temelj za določitev provenience obravnavanih prodnatih sedimentov, razkrivajo morebitno resedimentacijo ter so pomembni za interpretacijo razvoja rečne mreže v pliocenu in pleistocenu.
Keywords: petrografska analiza, litološka analiza klastov, provenienca klastov, pliocensko-pleistocenski sedimenti
Published in DiRROS: 04.06.2024; Views: 106; Downloads: 125
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3. PD-L1 expression in squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lungUrška Janžič, Izidor Kern, Andrej Janžič, Luka Čavka, Tanja Čufer, 2017, original scientific article Abstract: With introduction of immunotherapy (IT) into the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a need for predictive biomarker became apparent. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression is most widely explored predictive marker for response to IT. We assessed PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (TC) and immune cells (IC) of squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) patients. We obtained 54 surgically resected tumor specimens and assessed PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry after staining them with antibody SP142 (Ventana, USA). Clinicopathological characteristics were acquired from the hospital registry database. Results were analyzed according to cut-off values of % 5% and % 10% of PD-L1 expression on either TC or IC. 29 (54%) samples were AC and 25 (46%) were SCC. PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in TC of SCC compared to AC at both cut-off values (52% vs. 17%, p = 0.016 and 52% vs. 14%, p = 0.007, respectively) no difference in PD-L1 expression in IC of SCC and AC was found. In AC alone, PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in IC compared to TC at both cut-off values (72% vs. 17%, p < 0.001 and 41% vs. 14%, p = 0.008, respectively), while no significant difference between IC and TC PD-L1 expression was revealed in SCC. Our results suggest a significantly higher PD-L1 expression in TC of SCC compared to AC, regardless of the cut-off value. PD-L1 expression in IC is high in both histological subtypes of NSCLC, and adds significantly to the overall positivity of AC but not SCC.
Keywords: lung cancer, squamous-cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, tumor cells, immune cells, PD-L1 expression
Published in DiRROS: 31.05.2024; Views: 83; Downloads: 78
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7. Optimal scan time for evaluation of parathyroid adenoma with [18F]-fluorocholine PET/CTSebastijan Rep, Luka Ležaič, Tomaž Kocjan, Marija Pfeifer, Mojca Jensterle Sever, Urban Simončič, Petra Tomše, Marko Hočevar, 2015, original scientific article Keywords: lesions representing enlarged parathyroid tissue, triple-phase, standardized uptake value, retention index, lesion contrast, rak (medicina), obščitnični adenomi, diagnostika
Published in DiRROS: 22.04.2024; Views: 280; Downloads: 271
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8. How beech provenance affects the structure of secondary xylem, leaf traits, and the ectomycorrhizal community under optimal growth conditionsTanja Mrak, Jožica Gričar, Tina Unuk Nahberger, Gregor Božič, Luka Krajnc, Peter Prislan, Domen Arnič, Tom Levanič, Hojka Kraigher, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Beyond growth parameters and drought tolerance, comparatively little is known about the functioning of different beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances. We investigated properties of leaves, stem secondary xylem, and ectomycorrhiza (ECM), and explored their interdependencies to identify the best performing beech provenance in optimal growth conditions. The study was conducted on 23-year-old trees in a provenance trial. The investigated provenances originated from Atlantic (Belgium—BE), Alpine (Italy—IT, Slovenia—SI), and continental climates (the Czech Republic—CZ). A significant effect of provenance was observed for stem vessel diameters and conductive area, as well as for foliar %C, δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O. δ13C as a proxy of intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) showed that the highest iWUE was achieved in BE provenance. Individuals with a better iWUE had wider growth rings regardless of provenance. Better iWUE was associated with lower specific leaf area (SLA). ECM community composition and diversity indices did not differ significantly among the provenances. Specific ECM taxa were associated with individuals with high SLA, δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O. In optimal growth conditions with no stress events, BE is a promising provenance due to an efficient water conducting system with high vessel diameters and conductive area, and high iWUE, while Alpine provenances showed an adaptation of their water conducting system to freezing conditions at their original locations. Integrating findings from different compartments improves our understanding of functioning of different beech provenances.
Keywords: Fagus sylvatica, provenance trial, stable isotopes, specific leaf area, xylem vessels, ectomycorrhizal fungi
Published in DiRROS: 19.04.2024; Views: 191; Downloads: 679
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9. Aggressive anticancer treatment in the last 2 weeks of lifeNena Golob, Teja Oblak, Luka Čavka, Maša Kušar, Boštjan Šeruga, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Background: There is a concern that terminally ill cancer patients may be aggressively treated due to the rapidly growing possibilities of anticancer treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of anticancer treatment at the end of life (EoL). Materials and methods: This retrospective study included adult patients with advanced solid cancers who were treated at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana and died of cancer between January 2015 and December 2019. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess an association between the aggressiveness of anticancer treatment (i.e. systemic therapy, radiotherapy and surgery) in the last 2 weeks of life and year of death, age at death, sex, prognosis of cancer and enrolment into the specialist palliative care (SPC). Results: We included 1736 patients in our analysis. Overall, 13.7% of patients were enrolled into the SPC and 14.4% received anticancer treatment in the last 2 weeks of life. The odds of receiving anticancer treatment significantly increased over time [odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.27]. There was an increased use of novel systemic therapy (e.g. small-molecule targeted therapy and immunotherapy) at the EoL. Older patients had significantly lower odds to receive anticancer treatment in the last 2 weeks of life as compared to younger patients (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.98). As compared to patients receiving only a standard oncology care, those also enrolled into the SPC had significantly lower odds for anticancer treatment in the last 2 weeks of life (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12-0.43). Conclusions: Terminally ill cancer patients have increased odds for receiving anticancer treatment, especially novel systemic therapies, in the last 2 weeks of life. Younger patients and those not enrolled into the SPC are at particular risk for anticancer treatment at the EoL
Keywords: systemic therapy, aggressive treatment, anticancer drugs, palliative care
Published in DiRROS: 18.04.2024; Views: 153; Downloads: 78
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10. Enhancing balance in Parkinson’s disease patients : a comprehensive literature review on the efficacy of exercise in an enriched environmentAna Ponebšek, Friderika Kresal, Luka Šlosar, 2023, review article Abstract: Various physiotherapeutic methods and approaches play a significant role in the
treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease, including the use of enriched environments. Virtual reality (VR) as a type of enriched environment has the potential to create
multiple sensory experiences and feedback, influencing various aspects of the patient’s
information processing and response. The suitability for home use and the considerable impact on motivation highlight its advantages over alternative approaches. The
objective of this review is to investigate the impact of VR-based exercise on balance
outcomes among individuals with Parkinson’s disease. The inclusion criteria consisted Parkinson’s disease. The comparable improvements in balance observed between the
experimental and control groups signify the potential effectiveness of VR-based exercises. This underscores the encouragement for further development in this technology,
particularly focusing on fully immersive VR environments, which may yield superior
effects in enhancing balance among individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effects of exercise in a VR
environment on individuals’ static and dynamic balance outcomes. In order to gather
relevant studies, we conducted a comprehensive search across three databases. From a
dataset of 625 records, we conducted a comprehensive full-text screening based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. This process resulted in the inclusion of 14 RCTs
in our review. The emerging evidence regarding exercising in a VR environment does
not definitively prove its superiority over standard exercise routines. However, studies
have demonstrated that both the experimental and control groups showed comparable improvements in enhancing static and dynamic balance among individuals with
Keywords: virtual reality, Parkinson's disease, balance, rehabilitation
Published in DiRROS: 16.04.2024; Views: 159; Downloads: 59
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