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92. Nephila spider male aggregation : preference for optimal female size and web clusteringMatjaž Kuntner, Maj Kuntner, Eva Kuntner, Alexandra Bogožalec Košir, Irena Kuntner, Viktorija Tomič, Jana Faganeli Pucer, Erik Štrumbelj, Daiqin Li, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Sexual size dimorphism theory predicts biased operational sex ratios (OSRs) and an uneven distribution of males among certain females. We studied this phenomenon through a field census of the giant wood spider Nephila pilipes (family Nephilidae) in Singapore, a species where females are, on average, 6.9 times larger than males. Specifically, we tested two hypotheses concerning male distribution, given their tendency to aggregate in certain female webs. The optimal female size hypothesis predicts that males would predominantly occupy webs of intermediate-sized females. The web clustering hypothesis posits that more males would be found in webs closer together compared to those farther apart. Our snapshot census revealed a female-biased OSR (females: males = 1.85) with an uneven distribution of males in female webs. Most males were found in webs of intermediate-sized females aligning with the optimal female size hypothesis. Proximity among female webs was indicative of male presence, lending support to the web clustering hypothesis. While our study's limited sample size warrants caution, we conclude that in N. pilipes, male occupation of female webs is facilitated by the clustering of webs, and males prefer to cohabit with optimally sized, receptive females. Keywords: sexual size dimorphism, operational sex ratios (OSRs), male distribution, optimal female size hypothesis, web clustering hypothesis, female-biased OSR, intermediate-sized females, proximity of webs, male aggregation, arachnology, behavioral ecology, environmental zoology Published in DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Views: 60; Downloads: 35
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93. Fate and effects of cytostatic pharmaceuticals in the environment and the identification of biomarkers for and improved risk assessment on environmental exposureMetka Filipič, 2014, treatise, preliminary study, study Abstract: CytoThreat (www.cytothreat.eu) project addresses the needs of the European society for assessing the risks associated with the release of pharmaceuticals into environment focusing on cytostatic pharmaceuticals. The mechanisms of action of most of the anticancer drugs are by interference with genetic material and cell signalling, which are very similar in all organisms and theoretically exposure to anticancer drug residues may affect also nontarget organisms. The aims are to provide new analytical methods needed for to determine the actual environmental exposure of these drugs, their metabolites and transformation products detection, to provide missing ecotoxicity data needed for accurate environmental risk assessment and identify biomarkers of delayed effects that may be used for development of early warning systems. Keywords: health risks, cytostatics Published in DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Views: 66; Downloads: 34
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94. Prepelica (Coturnix coturnix), kobiličar (Locustella naevia), bičja trstnica (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) na Ljubljanskem barjuDavorin Tome, Al Vrezec, Špela Ambrožič Ergaver, Andrej Kapla, 2015, treatise, preliminary study, study Abstract: V okviru projekta Ljudje za barje, ohranjanje biotske pestrosti na Ljubljanskem barju (LJUBA), Program Norveškega finančnega mehanizma 2009-2014 in Program finančnega mehanizma EGP 2009-2014 smo v letu 2015 za naročnika Zavod republike Slovenije za varstvo narave kvantitativno popisali (izhodiščni monitoring) prepelico (Coturnix coturnix), kobiličarja (Locustella naevia) in bičjo trstnico (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) na območju Ljubljanskega barja. Terensko delo je potekalo po metodi, ki nam je omogočila neposredno primerjavo rezultatov s podatki dobljenimi pred 20 leti v obdobju 1989 do 1996. Na izbrani površini 67 kvadratov smo prešteli 39 kličočih samcev prepelice, kar je za 87% manj kakor na primerljivi površini pred 20 leti. Vrsto smo odkrili na 23 kvadratih, kar je za 57% manj kakor pred 20 leti. Ob upoštevanju vseh možnih objektivnih in subjektivnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na rezultat štetja ocenjujemo, da se je velikost in razširjenost populacije prepelice v zadnjih 20 letih zmanjšala za več kakor za polovico. Vrsta je na Ljubljanskem barju zelo ogrožena in lahko v kratkem izgine kot gnezdilka. Na izbrani površini 67 kvadratov smo prešteli 31 pojočih kobiličarjev, kar je za 31% manj kakor na primerljivi površini pred 20 leti. Vrsto smo odkrili na 16 kvadratih, kar je za 16% manj kakor pred 20 leti. Ob upoštevanju vseh možnih objektivnih in subjektivnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na rezultat štetja ocenjujemo, da se velikost populacije kobiličarja v zadnjih 20 letih verjetno ni spremenila, nekoliko se je spremenilo območje njegovega pojavljanja. Kljub temu, zaradi relativno majhne površine kjer se pojavlja, ocenjujemo, da je kobiličar na Ljubljanskem barju ogrožena vrsta. Na izbrani površini 67 kvadratov smo prešteli 52 pojočih bičjih trstnic, kar je za 8% več kakor na primerljivi površini pred 20 leti. Vrsto smo odkrili na 20 kvadratih, kar je za 18% več kakor pred 20 leti. Ob upoštevanju vseh možnih objektivnih in subjektivnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na rezultat štetja ocenjujemo, da se velikost populacije bičje trstnice v zadnjih 20 letih verjetno ni spremenila, nekoliko se je spremenilo območje njenega pojavljanja. Kljub temu, zaradi relativno majhne površine kjer se pojavlja, ocenjujemo, da je bičja trstnica na Ljubljanskem barju ogrožena vrsta. Največja vokalna aktivnost prepelic je bila zvečer, le malo manjša zgodaj zjutraj. Po sedmi uri zjutraj je aktivnost opazno manjša in lahko vpliva na rezultate monitoringa. Prepelice so pogosto spreminjale položaj od koder pojejo, kar ima prav tako lahko vpliv na rezultate monitoringa. Za bolj natančen nadzor populacij vseh treh vrst predlagamo, da se obstoječi monitoring ptic kmetijske krajine na območju Ljubljanskega barja razširi z desetimi transekti. Metoda popisovanja in obdelave podatkov v obstoječem monitoringu sta ustrezni za kobiličarja in bičjo trstnico, za prepelico predlagamo nekaj sprememb. Keywords: ptice, zavarovana območja, varstvo narave Published in DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Views: 69; Downloads: 2199
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95. Development of LAMP based protocol for accurate, reliable, fast and affordable diagnostics of Candidatus Phytoplasma solani : Euphresco success stroryMarina Dermastia, treatise, preliminary study, study Abstract: Phytoplasmas are cell-wall-free plant pathogenic bacteria; they have a broad range of plant hosts and diseases of many important crops are associated with these pathogens. At least ten phytoplasma ribosomal subgroups have been associated with grapevine yellows diseases, which have great economic impact on viticulture. In Europe, the main phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellows are the causal agent of flavescence dorée and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, which cause bois noir. Keywords: phytoplasmas, grapevine yellows diseases, LAMP, real-time PCR Published in DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Views: 79; Downloads: 55
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96. Monitoring populacij izbranih ciljnih vrst hroščev v letih 2016 in 2017 : prvo delno poročiloAl Vrezec, Špela Ambrožič Ergaver, Andrej Kapla, treatise, preliminary study, study Abstract: V končnem poročilu so predstavljeni rezultati terenskih raziskav štirih varstveno pomembnih vrst hroščev v Sloveniji v letu 2016. Za močvirskega krešiča (Carabus variolosus), rogača (Lucanus cervus), alpskega kozlička (Rosalia alpina) in bukovega kozlička (Morimus funereus) je v Sloveniji že vzpostavljena shema populacijskega in distribucijskega monitoringa. V tem poročilu so podani rezultati popisov populacijskega in distribucijskega monitoringa v letu 2016. V tem letu smo izvedli vzorčenja za populacijski monitoring za močvirskega krešiča (deseto snemanje), rogača (deseto snemanje), alpskega (deveto snemanje) in bukovega kozlička (osmo snemanje) ter vzorčenja za distribucijski monitoring za močvirskega krešiča in rogača (četrto leto v tretjem petletnem ciklusu). Dodatno so glede na najnovejše raziskave podani predlogi izboljšanja sheme monitoringa za rogača in alpskega kozlička. V poročilu so predstavljeni rezultati popisa v letih 2016 in 2017 za dopolnitev strokovnih podlag za puščavnika (Osmoderma eremita) in škrlatnega kukuja (Cucujus cinnaberinus). Za obe vrsti sta podani tudi predlogi sheme monitoringa. V okviru naloge smo opravili pregled vodnega telesa v Spodnjem Krapju in pet vodnih teles ob reki Muri za namene ugotavljanja prisotnosti ovratniškega plavača (Graphoderus bilineatus). Vrsto smo v letu 2017 zopet potrdili ob reki Muri in sicer v Murski šumi, kar je nova lokacija za vrsto v Sloveniji, ne pa tudi v mrtvici pri Spodnjem Krapju, ki je bila do nedavna edina recentna lokaliteta za vrsto pri nas, kjer je bil ovratniški plavač potrjen v letu 2011. Keywords: hrošči, monitoring, ekologija Published in DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Views: 82; Downloads: 639
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97. Transformacijska matrika za statično korekcijo anemometra na boji Vidi : študijaVlado Malačič, treatise, preliminary study, study Keywords: morje, Tržaški zaliv, umetni podvodni grebeni, podvodni grebeni, študije, ekološki parametri, resuspenzija, numerična analiza, tokovanje Published in DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Views: 51; Downloads: 1735
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98. Effect of Ti and S content on the properties and machinability of low-carbon ferritic–pearlitic steelBoštjan Arh, Franc Tehovnik, Franci Vode, Bojan Podgornik, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: This research was focused on the effect of Ti and S content on the formation of non-metallic inclusions and their influence on the mechanical properties and machinability of low-carbon ferritic– pearlitic steels. An analysis and classification of the non-metallic inclusions were carried out. The tensile strength and impact toughness were determined from samples taken in the rolling direction. Machinability investigations were carried out on a CNC turning machine and by analyzing the surface roughness. TiO-TiN inclusions are present in steels with an increased Ti content. In these steels, the hardness, tensile strength, and cutting forces increase with a higher proportion of Ti. In the second group of steels with increased contents of S, Al, and Ca, MnS and CaO-Al2O3-MnS non-metallic inclusions are formed. As the S content increases, the tensile strength and cutting forces decrease, while the impact toughness increases. In steels with added Ti, the This research was focused on the effect of Ti and S content on the formation of non-metallic inclusions and their influence on the mechanical properties and machinability of low-carbon ferritic– pearlitic steels. An analysis and classification of the non-metallic inclusions were carried out. The tensile strength and impact toughness were determined from samples taken in the rolling direction. Machinability investigations were carried out on a CNC turning machine and by analyzing the surface roughness. TiO-TiN inclusions are present in steels with an increased Ti content. In these steels, the hardness, tensile strength, and cutting forces increase with a higher proportion of Ti. In the second group of steels with increased contents of S, Al, and Ca, MnS and CaO-Al2O3-MnS non-metallic inclusions are formed. As the S content increases, the tensile strength and cutting forces decrease, while the impact toughness increases. In steels with added Ti, the machining is more difficult, but a finer surface is achieved after turning, while a higher S content results in an increased fraction of softer sulfide inclusions, which reduce the cutting forces but also result in a reduced surface quality. turning, while a higher S content results in an increased fraction of softer sulfide inclusions, which reduce the cutting forces but also result in a reduced surface quality. Keywords: non-metallic inclusions, mechanical properties, machinability, surface roughness Published in DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Views: 68; Downloads: 347
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99. Dissemination, communication, exploitation - update : Deliverable 9.4Ana Rotter, Nicole Aberle-Malzahn, Antonella Leone, 2018, treatise, preliminary study, study Abstract: The objective of the GoJelly project is to develop, test and promote a gelatinous solution to microplastic pollution by developing a TRL 5-6 prototype microplastics filter using jellyfish mucus as the raw material. In doing so, the consortium addresses two environmental issues - coastal pollution of both jellyfish and microplastics. This innovative approach will ultimately lead to less plastic in the ocean, higher demand (and thereby competitive prices) for jellyfish raw material to fill the "mucus-need" by filter developers, and in turn more jobs for commercial fishers in off-seasons. The byproducts of the GoJelly biomass have other uses as well, ensuring that GoJelly also delivers a green innovation, resulting in novel, valuable resource for the food and feed industry, in cosmetics as well as agro-biological fertilizer for organic farming. The GoJelly prototype products will be tested and demonstrated in three different European seas (Norwegian, Baltic and Mediterranean), by a range of stakeholders, including commercial fishers and industry partners. Tying it together, the project will also ensure the possibilities for broader European promotion and utilization of GoJelly at the local, regional and global level by delivering a socio-ecological methodological toolbox for forming and implementing policies. An interdisciplinary and international consortium consisting of technology developers, business analysts, fishing companies, research institutes, and both natural and social scientists will realize GoJelly, and will ensure the uptake of GoJelly products by industry and policy makers. Published in DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Views: 70; Downloads: 680
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100. Redčenje onesnaženih meteornih voda s podmorskimi prelivnimi izpusti v Piranskem zalivu : elaboratVlado Malačič, 2019, treatise, preliminary study, study Abstract: Javno podjetje Okolje Piran, d.o.o je soočeno s fekalno onesnaženimi meteornimi vodami. Ta pojav je prisoten ob izrazitejših nalivih v vseh letnih časih, do izraza pa seveda pride v poletnem obdobju, ko so v Piranskem zalivu prisotni kopalci in se izvajajo številne druge rekreativne dejavnosti. Na predlog direktorja podjetja je enota Morske biološke postaje Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo sestavila ta elaborat, ki je v pomoč pri sprejemanju odločitve, ali bi npr. s podmorskimi izpusti uspeli v zadostni meri zmanjšati onesnaženje (registriranih) kopališč zaradi onesnaženih meteornih voda. V obravnavi je predvsem del severne obale Piranskega zaliva, to je območje med vzhodno stranjo nekdanjega skladišča soli (pred poslopjem nekdanje uprave podjetja Droga) in kopališčem pred hotelom Emona kompleksa Bernardin). Smiselna je proučitev postavitev podmorskih prelivnih cevi na treh obrežnih lokacijah obstoječih izpustov meteornih voda. Cevi bi naj peljale onesnaženo meteorno vodo po morskem dnu (malo nad njim) dovolj daleč proč od obale. Po možnosti bi se naj cevi zaključite z difuzorjem. Slednji je lahko zelo enostavno izveden, lahko pomeni zgolj bočno navrtan poslednji del/segment izpustne cevi in zaprt konec cevi. Bočne odprtine, ki so navrtane izmenično na eni in drugi strani izpustne cevi, naj bodo bistveno manjše od premera cevi, a hkrati ne premajhne. Izkušnje in izračuni kažejo, da je za difuzor smiselno navrtati izpustno cev premera 0,5 – 0,6 m z odprtinami premera 0,1 m. Njihovo število in razmak se natančneje določijo s hidravličnim izračunom izpusta (Malačič, 2001), ki smo ga pred desetletji naredili za piranski komunalni izpust, pa tudi z oceno začetnega (inicialnega) redčenja (=mešanja) izpuščene vode z morsko vodo. Podobne izračune inicialnega redčenja smo pred desetletji naredili tudi za Koprski zaliv (Malačič in Potočnik, 1998; Malačič, 1999a; Malačič, 1999b), ko so bile proučevane možnosti za podmorski izpust odplak. Keywords: poročila, morje, meteorna voda, onesnaženje, Piranski zaliv Published in DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Views: 67; Downloads: 2728
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