1881. Vojna, lakota in bolezen : po sledeh španske gripe v KopruUrška Bratož, 2020, original scientific article Keywords: socialna zgodovina, epidemije, Koper, Trst, prva svetovna vojna, gripa, prehrana, civilno prebivalstvo, Avstro-Ogrska, Kraljevina Italija Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2023; Views: 306; Downloads: 152
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1883. Tehnične smernice za ohranjanje in rabo genskih virov : bukev = Fagus sylvaticaMarjana Westergren, Gregor Božič, Hojka Kraigher, 2010, professional article Keywords: gozdarstvo, genski viri, drevesne vrste, tehnične smernice, bukev, fagus sylvatica, Slovenija Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2023; Views: 380; Downloads: 105
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1886. Tehnične smernice za ohranjanje in rabo genskih virov : navadna smreka = Picea abiesMarjana Westergren, Gregor Božič, Hojka Kraigher, 2010, professional article Keywords: genski viri, drevesne vrste, tehnične smernice, navadna smreka, Picea abies, Slovenija Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2023; Views: 400; Downloads: 101
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1889. Low but significant evolutionary potential for growth, phenology and reproduction traits in European beechMarjana Westergren, Juliette Archambeau, Marko Bajc, Rok Damjanić, Adélaïde Theraroz, Hojka Kraigher, Sylvie Oddou-Muratorio, Santiago C. González-Martínez, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Local survival of forest tree populations under climate change depends on existing genetic variation and their adaptability to changing environments. Responses to selection were studied in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) under field conditions. A total of 1087 adult trees, seeds, 1-year-old seedlings and established multiyear saplings were genotyped with 16 nuSSRs. Adult trees were assessed for phenotypic traits related to growth, phenology and reproduction. Parentage and paternity analyses were used to estimate effective female and male fecundity as a proxy of fitness and showed that few parents contributed to successful regeneration. Selection gradients were estimated from the relationship between traits and fecundity, while heritability and evolvability were estimated using mixed models and the breeder's equation. Larger trees bearing more fruit and early male flowering had higher total fecundity, while trees with longer growth season had lower total fecundity (directional selection). Stabilizing selection on spring phenology was found for female fecundity, highlighting the role of late frosts as a selection driver. Selection gradients for other traits varied between measurement years and the offspring cohort used to estimate parental fecundity. Compared to other studies in natural populations, we found low to moderate heritability and evolvability for most traits. Response to selection was higher for growth than for budburst, leaf senescence or reproduction traits, reflecting more consistent selection gradients across years and sex functions, and higher phenotypic variability in the population. Our study provides empirical evidence suggesting that populations of long-lived organisms such as forest trees can adapt locally, even at short-time scales. Keywords: climate change, Fagus sylvatica, heritability, in situ adaptation, response to selection, selection gradients Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2023; Views: 370; Downloads: 174
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1890. Between but not within-species variation in the distribution of fitness effectsJennifer James, Chedly Kastallya, Katharina Budde, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Pascal Milesi, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, Martin Lascoux, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is, therefore, of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, that is whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterized the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence, and genetic background. We find statistical support for the presence of variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and those evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact. Keywords: DFE, deleterious mutations, population structure, forest trees Published in DiRROS: 12.12.2023; Views: 452; Downloads: 169
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