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Abstract: Shallow environments and transitional habitats are among the world’s most productive ecosystems (Odum, 1983; Cloern et al., 2014) where light penetration to the bottom and nutrient availability fuel multiple primary producers including phytoplankton, benthic microalgae, macroalgae and seagrasses (Kirk, 2000; Sundbäck et al., 2000; Sala et al., 2012; Papathanasiou et al., 2015; Orfanidis et al., 2021) that sustain higher trophic levels and provide important ecosystem services (Barbier et al., 2011; Queirós et al., 2019). In these ecosystems, pelagos and benthos have been classically studied as distinct domains of the marine environment, although they cannot be considered as separate entities (Boero et al., 1996; Marcus & Boero, 1998). The compartmentalization of these ecosystems into their benthic and pelagic components in experimental studies and models often limits our understanding of the scope and strength of interactions between these habitats, their role in maintaining the ecosystem function, and their sensitivity to future change (Griffiths et al., 2017). The benthic–pelagic coupling involves all those processes that connect the bottom and water column habitats through the exchange of mass, energy, and nutrients. Matter and energy flow between the two domains in both directions, along food webs, involving the movement of planktonic and benthic organisms at different life stages (Kiljunen et al., 2020). Indeed, many physical, chemical and biological processes bind these two domains, where benthic-pelagic coupling concurs to maintain high rates of primary production and decomposition (Kennish et al., 2014). While primary producers compete for the same resources (light and nutrients), benthic filter feeders are well adapted to efficiently filter bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton, dissolved organic matter (Hughes et al., 2005; Karuza et al., 2016), as well as pollutants from the water column (Giandomenico et al., 2016). An in-depth knowledge of the life cycles of meroplanktonic species is an indispensable prerequisite for understanding the functioning of the ecosystem in shallow areas. Besides this, benthic primary producers and invertebrates provide several ecosystem services and drive important processes such as nutrient cycling, bio-irrigation and organic matter decomposition in coastal areas (Bremner et al., 2006; Olsgard et al., 2008).
Keywords: coastal areas, new perspectives, benthic-pelagic coupling, editorial
Published in DiRROS: 06.08.2024; Views: 277; Downloads: 166
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Abstract: Komentarji spletnih novic so z razmahom spletnih komunikacijskih okolij, med katere spadajo družabna omrežja, postali način izmenjave mnenj med različnimi uporabniki. Spletni časopisi delijo svoje novice na svojih Facebook profilih in s tem omogočajo komentiranje. Komentarji so večinoma zapisani, jezik teh besedil pa odstopa od jezikovne norme, saj komunikacija pogosto poteka v neknjižnem jeziku. Vloga spletnih komunikacijskih okolij je povezovalna oz. praktičnosporazumevalna, komunikacija med uporabniki pa vsebuje elemente spontanega govora. Komentarji novic, ki jih uporabniki družabnih omrežij, kot je Facebook, zapišejo pod novico, poleg zapisa po izgovoru, leksike različnih socialnih zvrsti, rabe emotikonov in gif-ov, vsebujejo tudi sredstva besedilne semantike (deikte, diskurzne označevalce), ki so pogostejša v govorjenem diskurzu, in posebno skladnjo, značilnejšo za govorjeni diskurz. V zapisanih komentarjih spletnih novic lahko tako opazujemo značilnosti govorjenega jezika, v prispevku pa bodo prikazani predvsem primeri besedilne semantike in skladnje govorjenega jezika.
Keywords: komentarji spletnih novic, govorjeni jezik, spletni diskurz, besedilna semantika, skladnja
Published in DiRROS: 06.08.2024; Views: 289; Downloads: 159
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Abstract: The ocean, including its coastal areas and covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, has always represented an important environmental and economic resource. Indeed, almost 40% of the global population lives in coastal communities (United Nations, 2017). With its ecosystem services, the ocean represents a pivotal role in human society (Rayner et al., 2019). Undeniably, the ocean provides food, regulates the climate, provides oxygen and ensures economic resources through its shipping routes and tourism opportunities. Additionally, the ocean is home to organisms that have for centuries sparked the scientific interest of many research groups to uncover the biodiversity and functions of these fascinating marine ecosystems. Through their biological and chemical diversity, marine organisms synthesize unique secondary metabolites, biopolymers and enzymes produced in response to environmental stimuli. Secondary metabolites play important biological roles in improving competitiveness, providing chemical defence against predators or competitors and facilitating reproductive processes (Rotter et al.). Screening of these natural products and their producer organisms, coupled with the search of their unique biological activities that could be used in various industries, is tackled within marine (blue) biotechnology. Marine organisms and microorganisms can be investigated, and their primary and secondary metabolites, biopolymers and enzymes can be used as lead agents for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries to improve processes (e.g., in drug delivery) and as a source of bio-inspired materials for numerous biotechnological applications. Although this field has been appearing since the 1960s and 1970s, it is still considered an emerging field and marine biotechnology is still in its infancy (Rayner et al., 2019; Rotter et al.). This is because many marine environments are extreme ones that are either hardly accessible for sampling and harvesting and/or are home to organisms that cannot be cultured or grown in laboratory conditions. Consequently, a lot of advancement in the field of marine biotechnology was hampered until recent advances in science were achieved, including sampling methods, high-throughput methods and transdisciplinary collaborations.
Keywords: blue biotechnology, marine biotechnology, ocean bioprospecting, marine organisms
Published in DiRROS: 06.08.2024; Views: 258; Downloads: 144
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Abstract: The Canestrini’s goby is a small goby endemic to the Adriatic basin, inhabiting brackish and fresh waters. The species is threatened by habitat destruction and pollution. For this reason, the goby is protected in part of its range, while its conservation status in other areas is not yet established. The detailed biogeography of the species should be known so that appropriate conservation measures can be taken. Despite extensive sampling of fish fauna in coastal wetlands, this species has not yet been detected in Slovenia. In this study, the first record of Ninnigobius canestrinii (Ninni, 1883) in Slovenian waters is reported along with a comprehensive review of documented records of the species.
Keywords: Gobiidae, endemic goby, endangered species, habitat endangerment, habitat destruction, biogeography, northern Adriatic basin, Slovenia
Published in DiRROS: 06.08.2024; Views: 288; Downloads: 172
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Abstract: Plants are continuously exposed to different pathogens and pests which can lead to devastating effects on agricultural production. A better understanding of plant defence response against pathogens is crucial to provide means for novel crop breeding strategies and environmentally friendly plant protection and disease management approaches. In this Research Topic, we aimed to highlight the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of the plant-pathogen interactions field. It thus includes the most recent scientific advances in understanding the molecular, cellular, and biochemical mechanisms of plant response to bacteria, fungi, and viruses with applications to compelling problems. In the Research Topic, six research papers (one about plant-bacterial interaction, three about plant-fungal interactions, and two about plant-virus interaction) and a review were published and are outlined below.
Keywords: plant pathogen, plant diseases, bacteria, fungi, viruses, beneficial microbes, plant-pathogen interaction, plant protection
Published in DiRROS: 06.08.2024; Views: 324; Downloads: 150
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