1101. Recycling of different incineration ashes in the construction sector : perspectives from SloveniaVesna Zalar Serjun, 2024, review article Abstract: The EU prioritizes transitioning to a circular economy, aiming to boost sustainable resource management through policies promoting recycling and reuse, benefiting both the environment and the economy. Many successful case studies demonstrate using various incineration waste by-products (ashes) as substitutes for natural materials, yielding environmental advantages and showcasing sustainable resource management practices. While extensive literature covers ash characterization and applications, the direct links between the properties of the main components, the amorphous phase, and research findings remain elusive. Analysis predominantly centers on microstructural phase development, influencing mechanical, physical, and chemical properties and guiding research interpretations. Existing standards for ash use primarily address coal-derived fly ash, with SIST EN 13282-2 allowing alternative sources like circulating fluidized bed and paper sludge incineration residues. Yet, beyond this standard, no regulations mandate using different ash types. Nonetheless, the applicability of ashes for the geotechnical composite materials has already been confirmed in the field since numerous geotechnical projects have been carried out in Slovenia. Such composites have been recognized as beneficial practices, and the majority of them also possess legal permission for usage according to the Slovenian Technical Approvals. Given the varying value and complexity of ashes, detailed characterization before use is crucial. Assessing the recycling potential of different ashes requires a precise definition of basic properties such as microstructure, minerals, and chemical composition. Emphasis should be placed on characterizing the hydraulic properties and gaining detailed insights into the amorphous phase, ensuring informed decision-making regarding their recycling processes.
Keywords: waste by-products from incineration processes, ashes, recycling, amorphous phase, (latent) hydraulic properties, hydration
Published in DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Views: 280; Downloads: 202
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1102. Simvastatin is effective in killing the radioresistant breast carcinoma cellsBertram Aschenbrenner, Giulia Negro, Dragana Savic, Maxim Sorokin, Anton A. Buzdin, Ute Maria Ganswindt, Maja Čemažar, Gregor Serša, Sergej Skvortsov, Ira Skvortsova, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Background. Statins, small molecular 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, are widely used to lower cholesterol levels in lipid-metabolism disorders. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that statins exert beneficial effects in the management of breast cancer by increasing recurrence free survival. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Materials and methods. Simvastatin, one of the most widely prescribed lipophilic statins was utilized to investigate potential radiosensitizing effects and an impact on cell survival and migration in radioresistant breast cancer cell lines. Results. Compared to parental cell counterparts, radioresistant MDA-MB-231-RR, T47D-RR andAu565-RR cells were characterized by upregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutharyl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) expression accom-panied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation. Radioresistant breast cancer cells can be killed by simvastatin via mobilizing of a variety of pathways involved in apoptosis and autophagy. In the presence of simvasta-tin migratory abilities and vimentin expression is diminished while E-cadherin expression is increased. Conclusions. The present study suggests that simvastatin may effectively eradicate radioresistant breast carcinoma cells and diminish their mesenchymal phenotypes.
Keywords: radiotherapy, breast cancer, radioresistant cells
Published in DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Views: 288; Downloads: 219
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1103. Lastnosti lesa iz rudnika SitarjevecMiha Humar, Boštjan Lesar, Davor Kržišnik, Andreja Pondelak, Andrijana Sever Škapin, Angela Balzano, José Gonçalves, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Rudarska tradicija v Litiji, segajoča v staro železno dobo, je vključevala intenzivno uporabo lesa v rudnikih, še posebej za podporo in zaščito rovov. Rudnik Sitarjevec je bil znova odprt za turizem leta 2017, in v letu 2021 so odprli glavni rov. Les ostaja ključen material v rudnikih, čeprav so ga v preteklosti nadomeščali z drugimi materiali. Uporabljeni les je izpostavljen razkroju zaradi visoke vlažnosti in gliv, kot je bela hišna goba. Ta gliva lahko povzroči razgradnjo lesa in je pogosta v vlažnih okoljih rudnikov. Obstoj gliv je pomemben, saj lahko vplivajo na obiskovalce rudnika. Visoka relativna zračna vlažnost (96,6 %) in stalna temperatura (10,1 °C) v rudniku ustvarjata razmere, ki so ugodne za rast gliv, vendar pa relativno nizka temperatura ni omejujoč dejavnik za razgradnjo lesa. Koncentracija glivnih spor v rudniku je visoka in je razložena z razširjenostjo gliv v samem rudniku. Poleg tega smo opazili, da je v lesu veliko anorganskih onesnaževal ter veliko kristalov.
Keywords: razkroj, bela hišna goba, težke kovine, kristali, spore
Published in DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Views: 286; Downloads: 143
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1104. A protocol for accurate radiochromic film dosimetry using Radiochromic.comIgnasi Méndez Carot, Juan José Rovira-Escutia, Božidar Casar, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Radiochromic films have many applications in radiology and radiation therapy. Generally, the dosim-etry system for radiochromic film dosimetry is composed of radiochromic films, flatbed scanner, and film analysis soft-ware. The purpose of this work is to present the effectiveness of a protocol for accurate radiochromic film dosimetry using Radiochromic.com as software for film analysis.Materials and methods. Procedures for image acquisition, lot calibration, and dose calculation are explained and analyzed. Radiochromic.com enables state-of-the-art models and corrections for radiochromic film dosimetry, such as the Multigaussian model for multichannel film dosimetry, and lateral, inter-scan, and re-calibration corrections of the response.Results. The protocol presented here provides accurate dose results by mitigating the sources of uncertainty that affect radiochromic film dosimetry. Conclusions. Appropriate procedures for film and scanner handling in combination with Radiochromic.com as software for film analysis make easy and accurate radiochromic film dosimetry feasible.
Keywords: radiochromic film, dosimetry, protocol
Published in DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Views: 294; Downloads: 169
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1105. Morphological features of breast cancer circulating tumor cells in blood after physical and biological type of isolationTanja Jesenko, Živa Pišljar, Cvetka Grašič-Kuhar, Maja Čemažar, Urška Matkovič, Simona Miceska, Jerneja Varl, Anamarija Kuhar, Veronika Kloboves-Prevodnik, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Background. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have become an important biomarker in breast cancer. Different iso-lation tech-niques based on their biological or physical features were established. Currently, the most widely used methods for visualization after their separation are based on immunofluorescent staining, which does not provide the information on the morphology.Materials and methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate how two different separation techniques affect cell morphology and to analyse cell morphology with techniques used in routine cytopathological laboratory. A direct side-by-side comparison of physical (Parsortix%) and biological (MACS%) separation technique was performed.Results. In the preclinical setting, both isolation techniques retained the viability and antigenic characteristics of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Some signs of degeneration such as cell swelling, cytoplasmic blebs, villous projections and vacuolization were observed. In metastatic breast cancer patient cohort, morphological features of isolated CTCs were dependent on the separation technique. After physical separation, CTCs with preserved cell morphology were detected. After biological separation the majority of the isolated CTCs were so degenerated that their identity was difficult to confirm.Conclusions. Taken together, physical separation is a suitable technique for detection of CTCs with preserved cell morphology for the use in a routine cytopathological laboratory.
Keywords: circulating tumor cells, breast cancer, morphology
Published in DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Views: 325; Downloads: 221
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1106. Large ring test for evaluation of restrained shrinkage cracking : calibration and experimental trialZhongyu Xu, Lucija Hanžič, Harry Asche, Jurij Karlovšek, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The durability of shotcrete tunnel linings is significantly affected by restrained shrinkage cracking. Given the unique characteristics of shotcrete applied in tunnel linings, especially when dealing with accelerated shotcrete containing reinforcement fibres, it is necessary to upscale the ring test commonly used. This paper presents a comprehensive experiment using large ring tests with cast concrete to investigate the impact of upscaling ring test geometry. The two ring specimens demonstrated comparable cracking age (22 days) and strain measured in the steel ring, suggesting that consistent results can be obtained through the proposed instrumentation, calibration, and correction methods. Moreover, the estimated induced tensile stresses of the concrete rings (2.8 and 2.7 MPa) are slightly lower than the predicted tensile strength (3.3 MPa) at the age of cracking, which indicates that some driving forces contributing to restrained shrinkage cracking were not indicated in the strain gauge readings. Furthermore, the study identified multi-crack formation and additional potential causes for crack initiation, which include self-restraint due to the moisture gradient in the vertical direction, deflection of the concrete ring caused by its self-weight, and friction on the contact surface of the support. Therefore, optimising the geometry of the ring specimens and the apparatus is imperative to minimise additional driving forces and unmeasurable restraints for crack initiation, especially when employing the stress rate method to assess cracking potential.
Keywords: concrete, restrained shrinkage, tunnel lining, large ring test
Published in DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Views: 259; Downloads: 218
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1107. Can dynamic imaging, using 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT perfusion differentiate between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules?Aleksander Marin, John T. Murchison, Kristopher M. Skwarski, Adriana A.S. Tavares, Alison Fletcher, William A. Wallace, Vladka Salapura, Edwin J.R. Van Beek, Saeed Mirsadraee, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Background. The aim of the study was to derive and compare metabolic parameters relating to benign and ma- lignant pulmonary nodules using dynamic 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT, and nodule perfu- sion parameters derived through perfusion computed tomography (CT). Patients and methods. Twenty patients with 21 pulmonary nodules incidentally detected on CT underwent a dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT and a perfusion CT. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was measured on conventional 18F-FDG PET/CT images. The influx constant (Ki) was calculated from the dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT data using Patlak model. Arterial flow (AF) using the maximum slope model and blood volume (BV) using the Patlak plot method for each nodule were calculated from the perfusion CT data. All nodules were characterized as malignant or benign based on histopathology or 2 year follow up CT. All parameters were statistically compared between the two groups using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Results. Twelve malignant and 9 benign lung nodules were analysed (median size 20.1 mm, 9-29 mm) in 21 patients (male/female = 11/9; mean age +- SD: 65.3 +- 7.4; age range: 50-76 years). The average SUVmax values +- SD of the benign and malignant nodules were 2.2 +- 1.7 vs. 7.0 +- 4.5, respectively (p = 0.0148). Average Ki values in benign and malig- nant nodules were 0.0057 +- 0.0071 and 0.0230 +- 0.0155 min-1, respectively (p = 0.0311). Average BV for the benign and malignant nodules were 11.6857 +- 6.7347 and 28.3400 +- 15.9672 ml/100 ml, respectively (p = 0.0250). Average AF for the benign and malignant nodules were 74.4571 +- 89.0321 and 89.200 +- 49.8883 ml/100g/min, respectively (p = 0.1613). Conclusions. Dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT and perfusion CT derived blood volume had similar capability to differentiate benign from malignant lung nodules.
Keywords: CT perfusion, malignant pulmonary nodules, benign pulmonary nodules
Published in DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Views: 259; Downloads: 101
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1110. Breast cancer during pregnancy : retrospective institutional case seriesErika Matos, Tanja Ovčariček, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Pregnancy associated breast cancer is a rare disease. It presents a unique entity of breast cancer with aggressive phenotype. The main aim was to evaluate how the international guidelines were followed in daily practice. Patients and methods. Data concerning patients% and tumours% characteristics, management, delivery and ma-ternal outcome were recorded from institutional electronic database. In this paper a case series of pregnant breast cancer patients treated at single tertiary institution between 2007 and 2019 are presented and the key recommenda-tions on managing such patients are summarized.Results. Fourteen patients met the search criteria. The majority of tumours were high grade, triple negative or HER2 positive, two patients were de novo metastatic. Treatment plan was made for each patient by multidisciplinary team. Eight patients were treated with systemic chemotherapy with no excess toxicity or severe maternal/fetal adverse ef-fects. In all but two patients, delivery was on term and without major complications. Only one event, which was not in whole accordance with international guidelines, was identified. It was the use of blue dye in one patient.Conclusions. Women with pregnancy associated breast cancer should be managed like non-pregnant breast cancer patients and should expect a similar outcome, without causing harm to the unborn child. To achieve a good outcome in pregnancy associated breast cancer, a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory.
Keywords: breast cancer, pregnancy, clinical characteristics, therapeutic strategy
Published in DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Views: 262; Downloads: 85
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