501. Impact of rutin and other phenolic substances on the digestibility of buckwheat grain metabolitesIvan Kreft, Mateja Germ, Aleksandra Golob, Blanka Vombergar, Francesco Bonafaccia, Zlata Luthar, 2022, review article Abstract: Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is grown in eastern and central Asia (the Himalayan regions of China, Nepal, Bhutan and India) and in central and eastern Europe (Luxemburg, Germany, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina). It is known for its high concentration of rutin and other phenolic metabolites. Besides the grain, the other aboveground parts of Tartary buckwheat contain rutin as well. After the mixing of the milled buckwheat products with water, the flavonoid quercetin is obtained in the flour–water mixture, a result of rutin degradation by rutinosidase. Heating by hot water or steam inactivates the rutin-degrading enzymes in buckwheat flour and dough. The low buckwheat protein digestibility is due to the high content of phenolic substances. Phenolic compounds have low absorption after food intake, so, after ingestion, they remain for some time in the gastrointestinal tract. They can act in an inhibitory manner on enzymes, degrading proteins and other food constituents. In common and Tartary buckwheat, the rutin and quercetin complexation with protein and starch molecules has an impact on the in vitro digestibility and the appearance of resistant starch and slowly digestible proteins. Slowly digestible starch and proteins are important for the functional and health-promoting properties of buckwheat products.
Keywords: tartary buckwheat, phenolic substances, rutin, quercetin, protein, starch, nutrition, digestibility, flavonoid
Published in DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Views: 117; Downloads: 56
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508. Combined climate and chemical stressors : how spatial variability shapes the response of Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and heatwaves, and what it means for ecotoxicologyVerdiana Vellani, Manuela Piccardo, Francesca Provenza, Serena Anselmi, Valentina Pitacco, Lovrenc Lipej, Stanislao Bevilacqua, Monia Renzi, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Ficopomatus enigmaticus, a reef-forming serpulid, has emerged as a promising candidate for biomonitoring and ecotoxicology studies. Recent research has focused on adult stress responses, highlighting the need to understand population-specific responses. This study employed a multi-biomarker approach to investigate how F. enigmaticus adults from two populations in the NE Adriatic (Site A) and NE Tyrrhenian (Site B) responded to chronic exposure to heat and chemical stress (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO), individually and in combination. The analysis detected significant differences in protein content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) between populations. Notably, no oxidative damage (measured as lipid peroxidation, LPO) was detected in any population or treatment. Similarly, no significant differences were detected in the integrated biomarker response index (IBRv2i). However, lower IBRv2i values at Site A suggested reduced stress conditions, possibly indicating that this site may have lower baseline stress. Overall, treatment effects were limited and site-specific: only the combined heat and DMSO exposure at Site A lowered GST activity compared to heat stress alone. Nevertheless, both populations exhibited broadly similar biochemical response patterns to stress. Our findings deepen the understanding of stress physiology in F. enigmaticus, underscoring the ecological importance of multi-stressor approaches in environmental monitoring.
Keywords: ecotoxicology, wild populations, biomarkers, heat stress, combined stress, population responses
Published in DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Views: 112; Downloads: 80
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510. Tartary buckwheat grain as a source of bioactive compounds in husked groatsIvan Kreft, Aleksandra Golob, Blanka Vombergar, Mateja Germ, 2023, review article Abstract: Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) originates in mountain regions of Western China, and is cultivated in China, Bhutan, Northern India, Nepal, and Central Europe. The content of flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat grain and groats is much higher than in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), and depends on ecological conditions, such as UV-B radiation. Buckwheat intake has preventative effects in chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, due to its content of bioactive substances. The main bioactive compounds in Tartary buckwheat groats are flavonoids (rutin and quercetin). There are differences in the bioactivities of buckwheat groats obtained using different husking technologies, based on husking raw or pretreated grain. Husking hydrothermally pretreated grain is among the traditional ways of consuming buckwheat in Europe and some parts of China and Japan. During hydrothermal and other processing of Tartary buckwheat grain, a part of rutin is transformed to quercetin, the degradation product of rutin. By adjusting the humidity of materials and the processing temperature, it is possible to regulate the degree of conversion of rutin to quercetin. Rutin is degraded to quercetin in Tartary buckwheat grain due to the enzyme rutinosidase. The high-temperature treatment of wet Tartary buckwheat grain is able to prevent the transformation of rutin to quercetin.
Keywords: Fagopyrum tataricum, Fagopyrum esculentum, flavonoids, rutin, quercetin, food, grain, groats, metabolites
Published in DiRROS: 19.11.2025; Views: 137; Downloads: 65
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