71. Framing cutting-edge integrative deep-sea biodiversity monitoring via environmental DNA and optoacoustic augmented infrastructuresSergio Stefanni, Luca Mirimin, David Stanković, Damianos Chatzievangelou, Lucia Bongiorni, Simone Marini, Maria Vittoria Modica, Elisabetta Manea, Federico Bonofiglio, Joaquin del Rio Fernandez, Neven Cukrov, Ana Gavrilović, Fabio C. De Leo, Jacopo Aguzzi, 2022, review article Abstract: Deep-sea ecosystems are reservoirs of biodiversity that are largely unexplored, but their exploration and biodiscovery are becoming a reality thanks to biotechnological advances (e.g., omics technologies) and their integration in an expanding network of marine infrastructures for the exploration of the seas, such as cabled observatories. While still in its infancy, the application of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approaches is revolutionizing marine biodiversity monitoring capability. Indeed, the analysis of eDNA in conjunction with the collection of multidisciplinary optoacoustic and environmental data, can provide a more comprehensive monitoring of deep-sea biodiversity. Here, we describe the potential for acquiring eDNA as a core component for the expanding ecological monitoring capabilities through cabled observatories and their docked Internet Operated Vehicles (IOVs), such as crawlers. Furthermore, we provide a critical overview of four areas of development: (i) Integrating eDNA with optoacoustic imaging; (ii) Development of eDNA repositories and cross-linking with other biodiversity databases; (iii) Artificial Intelligence for eDNA analyses and integration with imaging data; and (iv) Benefits of eDNA augmented observatories for the conservation and sustainable management of deep-sea biodiversity. Finally, we discuss the technical limitations and recommendations for future eDNA monitoring of the deep-sea. It is hoped that this review will frame the future direction of an exciting journey of biodiscovery in remote and yet vulnerable areas of our planet, with the overall aim to understand deep-sea biodiversity and hence manage and protect vital marine resources.
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78. Insect pest management in the age of synthetic biologyRubèn Mateos Fernández, Marko Petek, Mojca Juteršek, Iryna Gerasymenko, Špela Baebler, Kalyani Kallam, Elena Moreno Gimenéz, Janine Gondolf, Alfred Nordmann, Kristina Gruden, Diego Orzaez, Nicola Patron, 2022, review article Abstract: Arthropod crop pests are responsible for 20% of global annual crop losses, a figure predicted to increase in a changing climate where the ranges of numerous species are projected to expand. At the same time, many insect species are beneficial, acting as pollinators and predators of pest species. For thousands of years, humans have used increasingly sophisticated chemical formulations to control insect pests but, as the scale of agriculture expanded to meet the needs of the global population, concerns about the negative impacts of agricultural practices on biodiversity have grown. While biological solutions, such as biological control agents and pheromones, have previously had relatively minor roles in pest management, biotechnology has opened the door to numerous new approaches for controlling insect pests. In this review, we look at how advances in synthetic biology and biotechnology are providing new options for pest control. We discuss emerging technologies for engineering resistant crops and insect populations and examine advances in biomanufacturing that are enabling the production of new products for pest control.
Keywords: biotechnology, insect pest management, synthetic biology
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Views: 18; Downloads: 13
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79. Stik urbanih površin z gozdom na primeru Krajinskega parka Tivoli, Rožnik in Šišenski hribTjaša Babič, Mojca Nastran, 2024, professional article Abstract: V Sloveniji problematika stika urbanih površin z gozdom še ni bila celostno obravnavana, zato je bil izveden primer študije v vzhodnem delu Krajinskega parka Tivoli, Rožnik in Šišenski hrib v Ljubljani, kjer so pogosti konflikti med urbanimi površinami in gozdnim ekosistemom. Študija je vključevala ožji pregled literature, terenske preglede z zabeležbo dejavnosti na stiku urbanih površin z gozdom in analizo pobud s spletnega portala Servis pobude meščanov Ljubljana. Dejavnosti smo evidentirali z aplikacijo ArcGIS Survey 123. Prevladujoče neprimerne dejavnosti na proučevanem območju so vključevale nelegalno odlaganje materiala in odpadkov na gozdnem robu, sledilo je nenadzorovano širjenje invazivnih rastlinskih vrst. Gozdni požari na gozdnem robu niso bili med izstopajočimi težavami. Občani so poudarili pomen ohranjanja urejenega in mirnega okolja v krajinskem parku in izrazili pomembnost dobre dostopnosti ter prometne urejenosti. Za učinkovito upravljanje območja na stiku urbanih površin smo podali smernice, ki vključujejo preventivne ukrepe za zmanjšanje tveganja požarov, uporabo okolju prijaznih ograj za zaščito pred divjadjo, spodbujanje sajenja domačih neinvazivnih vrst in pravilno odstranjevanje invazivnih rastlin. Ozaveščanje javnosti in sodelovanje z lokalno skupnostjo sta ključna za ohranjanje stabilnosti in ekološke funkcionalnosti gozdnega roba.
Keywords: urbani gozdovi, mestni gozdovi, gozdni rob, konfliktni stiki, divja odlagališča odpadkov, invazivne rastline, gozdni požar, smernice za upravljanje
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Views: 26; Downloads: 5
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80. Prilagajanje gospodarjenja z gozdovi podnebnim spremembam: zasnova in predlog strategijAndrej Bončina, 2024, review article Abstract: Podnebne spremembe se kažejo v postopnem spreminjanju povprečnih vrednosti podnebnih spremenljivk in večji pogostnosti ekstremnih vremenskih dogodkov. Podnebne spremembe vplivajo na razvoj gozdov. Ocena ranljivosti gozdov je izhodišče za gospodarjenje z gozdovi, prilagojeno podnebnim spremembam. S prilagojenim gospodarjenjem izboljšamo odpornost in prožnost gozdov ter pospešimo tranzicijo gozdov. Prilagojeno gospodarjenje je opredeljeno s strategijami, smernicami in ukrepi. V prispevku predstavljamo i) zasnovo prilagojenega gospodarjenja z gozdovi, ii) predlog strategij za prilagajanje gozdov podnebnim spremembam v Sloveniji in iii) postopek vključevanja prilagoditvenega gospodarjenja v celovito zasnovo gospodarjenja z gozdovi.
Keywords: ocena ranljivosti, odpornost gozdov, prožnost gozdov, prilagajanje gospodarjenja, strategije, ukrepi, načrtovalni postopek
Published in DiRROS: 05.08.2024; Views: 22; Downloads: 4
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