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Keywords: varstvo gozdov, morfološke analize, program preiskav, Fusarium circinatum, borov smolasti rak, PCR v realnem času
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 273; Downloads: 0
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Abstract: The Annexe 17 of the Final Report of the project LIFE Stop CyanoBloom, presenting the “Report on economic justification of the project” is composed of 14 chapters. The first part of the report gives a general overview of the cyanobacteria and their blooms, and species and toxicity of cyanobacterial toxins. With a literature review, economic consequences of cyanobacterial blooms on human health, commercial fishery, tourism and recreation, and lake monitoring and management have been evaluated. The chapter on phytoplankton and bacterioplankton monitoring options presents the importance of the phytoplankton for the lake ecology and evaluation of the water quality status. Traditional phytoplankton monitoring approaches are compared to the new monitoring options applied in the project. The chapter in-lake cyanobacterial control options give a broad review of available in-lake rehabilitation and remediation options, which can be compared with the electrochemical oxidation technique presented in the following chapter and applied in the project. According to the results obtained during the pilot testing activities, a cost evaluation of the approach has been performed and presented in the report. The last chapter gathers open issues and proposals for the further work in this field.
Keywords: cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins, health risk
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 279; Downloads: 308
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Abstract: Ulcinj salina is situated in the outermost southern part of Montenegro and covers slightly less than 14.5 km2 of salty basins (total surface area is 1.477 ha). The salina is 1 km from the city of Ulcinj and from the Albanian border. Ulcinj salina is located on the site of the former lagoon and wetland in the delta of the River Bojana. The works on amelioration of the former wetland area started in 1913. That is when the wetland was connected with the sea by the Port Milena channel and isolated itself from the Bojana River with a dike. In 1920 the decision to start with the establishment of the salina in Ulcinj was made. The salina was concluded in 1934 and the first harvesting of salt was done in 1935. The Ulcinj salina was created from the sea and represents a "cultural lagoon" and a man-made landscape. It is surrounded by channels that drain the nearby marshes and “knetas” (adjoining marshlands), not allowing their water to mix with the water from the salina. The channels take the water into the Port Milena canal and then into the sea. The technological process of production was upgraded in the 1970s with construction of the refinery and with attempts to expand the production, both by enlarging the territory of the salina and use of industrial production between 1984 and 1994. Yearly production of salt before the above-mentioned attempts to expand the production (in the period 1935 to 1983) was highly dependent on the weather conditions and organisation of work; a maximum of 41.240 tons of salt was produced in 1952. A combination of manually collected salt and the salt produced through industrial process in the newly constructed factory in the years 1984 to 1994 led to a maximum yearly production of 59.353 tons. By contrast, the production in the last years of production (2003 to 2013) was dramatically lower, reaching on average only around 17.000 tons per year. Ulcinj salina has very hot summers, moderately warm autumns and springs, and mild winters with temperatures only rarely below zero. On average, the most rain falls in autumn and winter, summers are two to three times more dry. Year-on-year and within years, changes in the amount of rain can be significant. Powerful pumps are essential for assuring constant water levels in basins which supports the maintenance of the ecological character of the area. The absence of salt production and consequent changes in water management have caused changes in water salinity, water regime and consequently changes in biodiversity.
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 221; Downloads: 399
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Abstract: Despite the efforts invested into measures to prevent water eutrophication, like prevention and treatment of point and dispersed discharges, the eutrophication still occurs. One of the unwanted consequences of eutrophic water state is the occurrence of excessive cyanobacterial blooms. Mass occurrence of cyanobacteria is a significant health risk related to surface waters in EU and worldwide since most of the cyanobacterial genera produce cyanotoxins. Besides toxicity, cyanobacterial blooms cause an increase in the turbidity of water and create taste and odour problems. All mentioned represents substantial economic losses in sectors like aquaculture, tourism, drinking water facilities and indirect losses due to increased healthcare expenditures and environmental degradation. It is, therefore, necessary to find appropriate solutions for rapid detection and also in-lake prevention of bloom occurrence despite, for example, existing high eutrophic conditions in the water body. The proposed project represents such a solution. In the frame of the LIFE Stop CyanoBloom project, we have designed two solar powered robotic vessels for the in-lake detection and control of cyanobacterial proliferation. Each vessel is capable of three-dimensional localisation of cyanobacteria by measuring fluorescence of pigments involved in the process of photosynthesis. The vessels are additionally equipped with electrochemical cells using boron doped diamond electrodes fixed on board, producing short-lived hydroxyl radicals, which prevent cyanobacterial proliferation as well as cyanotoxins inactivation. Hydroxyl radicals cause different levels of damages to cyanobacterial cells as well as stress, that may also result in phage induced cyanobacterial lysis. Natural control of cyanobacterial density by lytic cyanophages is known for several years. The mixing of water during the electrolytic cell operation also increases the potential contacts of cyanobacteria with cyanophages, disturbs cyanobacterial buoyancy and generates additional nutrients for nontoxic phytoplankton population. Additional newly developed equipment of the vessel allows advanced automated navigation (automatic docking, avoiding obstacles, maintaining the position in windy conditions, etc.), sampling from different depths, real-time data transfer, statistical analysis and graphical presentation using the adequate software.
Keywords: cyanobacteria, cyanobacterial blooms, cyanotoxins, health risk
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 260; Downloads: 735
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Abstract: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and products derived thereof have been commercialised on the food and feed market for more than twenty years. Many countries in the world have introduced legislative requirements for the authorization, traceability and labelling of GMOs, but the regulatory framework may differ from country to country. Various factors, including commercial interests, drive the request of developing companies for the authorisation and marketing of GMOs in specific areas of the world. This leads to the situation where a certain GM event may have different authorisation statuses in different countries (what is sometimes referred to as “asynchronous GMO approval”).
Published in DiRROS: 05.09.2024; Views: 240; Downloads: 211
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