1. Drug-resistant tuberculosis on the Balkan Peninsula : determination of drug resistance mechanisms with Xpert MTB/XDR and whole-genome sequencing analysisSara Truden, Eva Sodja, Marija Žolnir-Dovč, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The new molecular assay Xpert MTB/XDR (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was launched in 2021 to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) complex with mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid (INH), ethionamide (ETH), fluoroquinolone (FQ), and second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs). The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of the Xpert MTB/XDR rapid molecular assay on rifampicin-resistant, multidrug-resistant, and pre-extensively resistant tuberculosis (TB) isolates in a clinical laboratory in the Balkan Peninsula compared to a phenotypic drug susceptibility test (pDST). Xpert MTB/XDR was used to test positive Bactec MGIT 960 (Becton, Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) cultures or DNA isolates. In the case of discrepant results between Xpert MTB/XDR and pDST, the usefulness of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was emphasized. In our study, 80 MT isolates from different Balkan countries were selectively chosen from the National Mycobacterial Strain Collection in Golnik, Slovenia. Isolates were tested with the Xpert MTB/XDR assay, conventional pDST, and WGS. Xpert MTB/XDR showed high sensitivities of 91.9%, 100%, and 100% for detecting INH, FQ, and SLID resistance, respectively, compared to pDST. In contrast, low sensitivity (51.9%) for ETH resistance was achieved because isolates harbored widespread mutations across the ethA gene. The specificity of Xpert MTB/XDR was 100% for all drugs except for INH (66.7%). Further investigation with WGS revealed −57c→t mutations in the oxyR-ahpC region marked with uncertain significance, which caused the low specificity for detecting INH resistance with the new assay. Xpert MTB/XDR can be used in clinical laboratories for the rapid detection of INH, FQ, and SLID resistance. Moreover, it can be used to rule in resistance to ETH. Additional use of WGS is recommended in cases of discrepant results between pDST and Xpert MTB/XDR. Future improvements of Xpert MTB/XDR with the inclusion of additional genes may increase the usefulness of the assay.
Ključne besede: drug resistant tuberculosis, whole-genome sequencing analysis, molecular diagnostics, Xpert MTB/XDR
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.07.2025; Ogledov: 32; Prenosov: 6
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2. Stone products of the Roman municipium of Neviodunum, Pannonia (modern Drnovo, Slovenia)Katharina Zanier, Rok Brajkovič, Luka Gale, Matevž Novak, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The paper presents the lithologies used in the stone products of Neviodunum (modern Drnovo in Slovenia), a Roman municipium in south-western Pannonia. For this purpose, 95 stone monuments were assessed. Petrographic and biostratigraphic analyses were carried out on 56 archaeological and 57 geological samples. Our research shows that, besides some rare exceptions, most stone products refer to three lithostratigraphic units: the Middle Miocene ‘Lithothamnium’ Limestone Member of the Laško Formation, the Upper Cretaceous Krško Formation and the Early Jurassic Krka Limestone Member of the Podbukovje Formation.
Ključne besede: biostratigraphic analysis, petrographic analysis, Roman period, Slovenia, stone monuments, stone provenience
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.07.2025; Ogledov: 39; Prenosov: 12
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3. The Urnfield period Dragomelj I hoard : archaeological and chemical investigationsPeter Turk, David John Heath, Tea Zuliani, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The hoard with over 86 kg of metal products unearthed in the settlement at Dragomelj is dated to Ha B1 and com-plements the remains of foundry activities in the nearby settlement at Podgorica. The twin settlements were centres of collection, production, and exchange located on the transport routes that connected the eastern Alpine copper mines with areas to the south. The products in the hoard include biconical ingots with a shaft hole that show a significant correlation between form and chemical composition, which is characterised by tin alloy and modest trace elements (Sb, Ni, As). In contrast, the biconical ingots without a shaft hole contain higher amounts of trace elements. This suggests that the Bronze Age smiths produced different forms of ingots to distinguish between the different metal compositions. The diverse composition of the ingots also indicates the different origins of the chalcopyrite and polymetallic ores used in the production process. The tin alloy of most biconical and some plano-convex ingots is the result of recycling or intentional addition of tin. The analysis of lead isotopes confirms the diverse origin of the objects. In addition to the probable source areas of Mitterberg and Trentino, the supply of copper ores from the nearby Karavanke Mountains remains a possibility.
Ključne besede: late bronze age, hoard, metallurgy, lead-isotope analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.07.2025; Ogledov: 54; Prenosov: 26
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5. The development of the 5Cs of positive youth development in a school year : a 3-wave longitudinal study of Slovenian youth during the COVID-19 pandemicAna Kozina, Nora Wiium, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: 5Cs of PYD, school year, age, gender, school level, COVID-19, pandemic, Slovenia, longitudinal analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.07.2025; Ogledov: 77; Prenosov: 37
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6. The timeline of non-vocal and vocal communicative skills in infants with hearing lossAmanda Saksida, Roberta Rebesco, Arianna Colombani, Sara Pintonello, Eleonora Tonon, Andrea Martina Santoro, Eva Orzan, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background and aim: This study explores healthcare professionals' perspectives on end-of-life care in pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) in Croatia, aiming to illuminate their experiences with such practices, underlying attitudes, and major decision-making considerations. Amid the high variability, complexity, and emotional intensity of pediatric end-of-life decisions and practices, understanding these perspectives is crucial for improving care and policies. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional survey intended for physicians and nurses across all pediatric ICUs in Croatia. It included healthcare professionals from six neonatal and four pediatric ICUs in total. As the data from neonatal and pediatric ICUs were examined jointly, the term pediatric ICU was used to denominate both types of ICUs. A statistical analysis was performed using Python and JASP, focusing on professional roles, professional experience, and regional differences. Results: The study included a total of 103 participants (with an overall response rate-in relation to the whole target population-of 48% for physicians and 29% for nurses). The survey revealed diverse attitudes toward and experiences with various aspects of end-of-life care, with a significant portion of healthcare professionals indicating infrequent involvement in life-sustaining treatment (LST) limitation discussions and decisions, as well as somewhat ambiguous attitudes regarding such practices. Notably, discrepancies emerged between different professional roles and, in particular, regions, underscoring the high variability of LST limitation-related procedures. Conclusions: The findings highlight a pressing need for more straightforward guidelines, legal frameworks, support mechanisms, and communication strategies to navigate the complex terrain of rather burdensome end-of-life pediatric care, which is intrinsically loaded with profound ethical quandaries.
Ključne besede: communicative skills, language development, hearing loss, vocal skills, non-vocal skills, video analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.07.2025; Ogledov: 78; Prenosov: 34
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7. Combination of experimental and bioinformatic approaches for identification of immunologically relevant protein–peptide InteractionsJerneja Debeljak, Peter Korošec, Julij Šelb, Matija Rijavec, Mitja Košnik, Mojca Lunder, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Protein–peptide interactions are an essential player in cellular processes and, thus, of great interest as potential therapeutic agents. However, identifying the protein’s interacting surface has been shown to be a challenging task. Here, we present a methodology for protein–peptide interaction identification, implementing phage panning, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. One of the uses of this methodology is identification of allergen epitopes, especially suitable for globular inhaled and venom allergens, where their binding capability is determined by the allergen’s conformation, meaning their interaction cannot be properly studied when denatured. A Ph.D. commercial system based on the M13 phage vector was used for the panning process. Utilization of various bioinformatic tools, such as PuLSE, SAROTUP, MEME, Hammock and Pepitope, allowed us to evaluate a large amount of obtained data. Using the described methodology, we identified three peptide clusters representing potential epitopes on the major wasp venom allergen Ves v 5.
Ključne besede: phage panning, next-generation sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, allergen Ves v 5, epitopes
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.07.2025; Ogledov: 94; Prenosov: 127
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8. Gender-specific predictors of vault performance in gymnastics : a machine learning approachDušan Đorđević, Janez Vodičar, Robi Kreft, Edvard Kolar, Miloš Paunović, Saša Veličković, Miha Marinšek, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This study investigated gender-specific predictors of vault performance in gymnastics by applying machine learning techniques to analyse body composition and run-up dynamics. Data were collected from 27 national-level gymnasts (17 female, 10 male) during the Slovenian Cup competition.
The focus on gender-specific predictors stems from fundamental physiological and biomechanical differences between male and female athletes, which influence force production, movement kinematics, and execution mechanics. A deeper understanding of these distinctions enhances the precision of performance modelling and supports the development of targeted, evidence-based training interventions.
Spatiotemporal parameters of the run-up were recorded using the OptoGait system, while body composition was assessed with the Tanita DC-360. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Boosting regression models were used to identify key predictors of vault execution scores. These methods were selected for their ability to reduce dimensionality and capture complex, nonlinear relationships in performance data.
The results revealed clear gender-specific patterns. For female gymnasts, the model explained 74.4% of the variance in execution scores, with Overall Lean Body Mass emerging as the most influential predictor (47.12% relative influence), followed by Overall Contact Phases (25.28%). For male gymnasts, the model demonstrated exceptionally high predictive power, explaining 97.8% of the variance, with Body Fat as the primary predictor (48.44% relative influence), followed by Flight and Contact Dynamics (35.22%).
These findings suggest that training strategies should be tailored to gender-specific needs. For women, emphasis on lean muscle development, stride optimisation, and the coordination of rhythm and timing may be beneficial. For men, managing body fat levels, optimising flight and contact dynamics, and adopting an integrated approach to stride mechanics appear essential.
Given the potential for misinterpretation of body composition metrics, a holistic approach to athletic conditioning is recommended. However, the study’s limitations, including the small sample size and cross-sectional design, warrant cautious interpretation. This research provides a foundation for future investigations into gender-specific factors affecting vault performance. Larger and longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings and support the development of more precise training interventions.
Ključne besede: run-up characteristics, body composition, execution score, principal component analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.07.2025; Ogledov: 160; Prenosov: 102
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10. Recent theoretical and practical contributions to the OR environment and CEJOR from the perspective of SSI-SORJanez Povh, Lidija Zadnik Stirn, Janez Žerovnik, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The article summarizes the research topics published in this special issue. The pa- pers in this issue are based on the selected and peer-reviewed papers from the 17th International Symposium on Operations Research in Slovenia – SOR’23, which took place in Bled, Slovenia (https://arhiv.fov.um.si/sor23/), September 20–22, 2023. In addition, we examined the 27 research papers in the last two SSI-SOR CEJOR special issues, 16 in the Cent Eur J Oper Res 31, issue 3, 2023, and 11 in this CEJOR special issue, and grouped them into clusters using keywords ac- cording to the methodology published by Kastrin et al. (2021) Methodologies and applications for resilient global development from the aspect of SDI-SOR. The clusters show the main and niche topics presented and, on the one hand, illustrate the European and international state of the art in the field of OR over the last five years and, on the other hand, can serve as a stimulus for further work on upcoming strategic OR topics.
Ključne besede: operations research, SOR conferences, Slovenia, cluster analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.06.2025; Ogledov: 135; Prenosov: 71
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