11. A comparison of radial increment and wood density from beech provenance trials in Slovenia and HungaryLuka Krajnc, Peter Prislan, Gregor Božič, Marjana Westergren, Domen Arnič, Csaba Mátyás, Jožica Gričar, Hojka Kraigher, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Provenance trials are a valuable source of information, especially in species such as European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), which will likely increase its distribution due to global warming. The current study compares radial increment and wood density of beech provenances in the juvenile development stage from contrasting environments in Europe (Belgium, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Italy) planted at a mesic to wet site in Slovenia and a xeric site in Hungary. Existing data (past measurements of diameters and height) were combined with new measurements of tree height, diameter, dendrochronological and resistance drilling density measurements to assess differences in provenance radial growth. The wood density data were evaluated using a Bayesian general linear model. In order to study the differences in radial increment in more detail, two weather-wise contrasting years (2014 and 2017) were selected from the last decade, based on calculations of the 12-month Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index. The differences in average tree-ring width among provenances at each sampled site appeared to be relatively small when averaged over a whole decade of data. However, according to year-to-year data, some provenances grew faster than others, especially in favorable weather conditions. In unfavorable conditions, the differences in tree-ring widths among provenances were smaller. For most provenances, variation in tree-ring widths within the same provenance increased in unfavorable conditions. The difference between the provenances with the highest and lowest wood densities at both locations did not exceed 5%. The model results indicate that the Idrija (Slovenia) provenance probably has a higher median wood density than other studied provenances at both sites. Although the current study confirmed some differences in wood density between provenances and trial locations, the differences are negligible in practice due to their low magnitude and the fact that the analyzed trees were still juvenile. As beech has a diffuse-porous wood, negligible differences in wood density would also be expected in adult trees. Beech provenances for planting in relation to changing weather should probably be chosen for their ability to survive more extreme weather events rather than to improve radial increment or wood density, especially as the differences in wood density of juvenile trees are relatively small.
Ključne besede: Fagus sylvatica, tree-ring width, common garden, resistance drilling
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.04.2022; Ogledov: 631; Prenosov: 472
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12. Relationships between wood-anatomical features and resistance drilling density in Norway spruce and European beechDomen Arnič, Luka Krajnc, Jožica Gričar, Peter Prislan, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Environmental conditions affect tree-ring width (TRW), wood structure, and, consequently, wood density, which is one of the main wood quality indicators. Although studies on inter- and intra-annual variability in tree-ring features or density exist, studies demonstrating a clear link between wood structure on a cellular level and its effect on wood density on a macroscopic level are rare. Norway spruce with its simple coniferous structure and European beech, a diffuse-porous angiosperm species were selected to analyze these relationships. Increment cores were collected from both species at four sites in Slovenia. In total, 24 European beech and 17 Norway spruce trees were sampled. In addition, resistance drilling measurements were performed just a few centimeters above the increment core sampling. TRW and quantitative wood anatomy measurements were performed on the collected cores. Resistance drilling density values, tree-ring (TRW, earlywood width–EWW, transition-TWW, and latewood width–LWW) and wood-anatomical features (vessel/tracheid area and diameter, cell density, relative conductive area, and cell wall thickness) were then averaged for the first 7 cm of measurements. We observed significant relationships between tree-ring and wood-anatomical features in both spruce and beech. In spruce, the highest correlation values were found between TRW and LWW. In beech, the highest correlations were observed between TRW and cell density. There were no significant relationships between wood-anatomical features and resistance drilling density in beech. However, in spruce, a significant negative correlation was found between resistance drilling density and tangential tracheid diameter, and a positive correlation between resistance drilling density and both TWW + LWW and LWW. Our findings suggest that resistance drilling measurements can be used to evaluate differences in density within and between species, but they should be improved in resolution to be able to detect changes in wood anatomy.
Ključne besede: wood structure, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, quantitative wood anatomy, xylem anatomy, wood density, increment borer
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.04.2022; Ogledov: 596; Prenosov: 437
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13. Modeliranje višinske in debelinske rasti dominantnih dreves ter ocenjevanje indeksov produkcijske sposobnosti gozdnih rastiščAndrej Bončina, Vasilije Trifković, Živa Bončina, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Modeli višinskega in debelinskega priraščanja dreves so pomembni za upravljanje gozdov, saj so podlaga za določanje režima redčenj, ciljnih premerov drevesnih vrst in optimalnega razmerja razvojnih faz ter ocenjevanje produkcijske sposobnosti goz%dnih rastišč. S podatki s stalnih vzorčnih ploskev smo za dva gozdna tipa (gradnovo bukovje na izpranih tleh in predalpsko jelovo bukovje) modelirali višinsko rast dominantnih bukev in smrek glede na njihov premer. Za obe vrsti smo ocenili rastiščni produkcijski indeks (SPI), ki je dominanta višina drevja pri prsnem premeru 45 cm. Na podlagi debelinskega priraščanja do%minantnih dreves smo ocenili prehodne dobe in povprečno starost dreves glede na njihovo debelino. To so bili vhodni podatki za določitev regresijskega modela višine dominantnih dreves glede na njihovo starost. SPI je za smreko v primerjavi z bukvijo pričakovano višji, pri bukvi je vrednost SPI višja na rastišču gradnovega bukovja na izpranih tleh (28,7 m proti 27,9 m), pri smreki pa na rastišču predalpskega jelovega bukovja (31,3 m proti 29,7 m). Vrednosti rastiščnih indeksov (SI; dominantna višina drevja pri starosti 100 let) smreke na rastiščih gradnovega bukovja in predalpskega jelovega bukovja so 33,4 in 32,0, bukve pa 29,0 in 27,0. Z opisanim postopkom smo za izbrana gozdna rastiščna tipa določili indekse produkcijske sposobnosti gozdnih smreke in bukve (SI in SPI); uporabnost postopka je treba preveriti še za druge drevesne vrste in gozdne rastiščne tipe.
Ključne besede: dominantna drevesa, višinska rast, debelinska rast, rastiščni indeks, rastiščni produkcijski indeks, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.08.2021; Ogledov: 3484; Prenosov: 2071
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