1. HIV-1 subtype diversity and phylogenetic insight into non-B subtype transmission in Slovenia, 1989-2013Jana Mlakar, Maja M. Lunar, Ana B Abecasis, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Janez Tomažič, Tomaž Vovko, Blaž Pečavar, Gabriele Turel, Mario Poljak, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Introduction: Disease progression, drug resistance mutations, and treatment strategies may vary by HIV-1 subtype. This study determined HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Slovenia, a Central European country with an HIV-1 epidemic driven by men who have sex with men, focusing on molecular epidemiology of non-B subtypes. Methods: A total of 367 HIV-1 sequences were included. Subtype was assigned by employing eight different HIV subtyping tools coupled with maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses. Results: The subtyping tools COMET, jpHMM, and REGA 3.0 exhibited the best performance on the dataset studied. Phylogenetic analyses showed a 14.7% prevalence of non-B subtypes, with subtype A detected most frequently (4.9%), followed by CRF02_AG (2.4%), subtype C (1.1%), subtypes D, G, and CRF01_AE (0.8% each), and subtypes F and CRF22_01A1 (0.3% each). A subtype could not be assigned to 12 sequences (3.3%), indicating potential unique recombinant forms. Non-B subtypes were significantly associated with a heterosexual route of transmission and infection acquired in Eastern Europe, Africa, or Asia. Conclusions: In a country where subtype B is predominant, non-B subtypes were observed in one out of seven patients, a nonnegligible proportion, which underlines the importance of systematic surveillance of HIV subtype diversity and the corresponding molecular epidemiology.
Keywords: HIV-1, ne-B podtip, podtipiziranje, filogenija, molekularna epidemiologija, srednja Evropa
Published in DiRROS: 03.08.2026; Views: 197; Downloads: 92
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2. Teresa Phipps & Deborah Youngs (eds.): Litigating Women: Gender and Justice in Europe, c. 1300–c. 1800. London, Routledge, 2022, 252 pages.Veronika Kos, 2024, review, book review, critique Keywords: ocene in poročila, Litigating Women, ženske študije, ženske v pravu, 14./17.st., Evropa
Published in DiRROS: 01.07.2026; Views: 219; Downloads: 95
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3. Cataract surgical training in Poland : analysis of the European Board of Ophthalmology survey resultsRémi Yaïci, Małgorzata Mirr, Lauriana Solecki, Emilia Koestel, Eugénie Bazarya, Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill, Massira Melanie Sanogo, François Lefebvre, Wagih Aclimandos, Rimvydas Asoklis, Barbara Cvenkel, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Backgrounds/objectives: This study, part of a series, aims to present and analyze the results of the Polish cohort in a European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO) survey on cataract surgical (CS) training in Europe, highlighting national traits and contributing to the discussion on standardizing ophthalmology training. Materials and methods: This study analyses the survey results of Polish participants in the EBO examinations (2018-2022) and compared them with the largest groups of candidates (Germany, France, Swiss and Spain). Results: Out of 144 candidates, 79 (55%) answered the questionnaire. Most (70.9%) had taken the EBO exam between 2021 and 2022, with the vast majority of study participants being women (77.2%) with a median age of 34 years and came from 9 different voivodeships. Notably, 25.4% stated that they had carried out 10 or more training sessions on virtual reality simulator, 13.9% on synthetic eyes and 12.7% on animal eyes. There was a significant difference in the concrete use of SBME (more than ten sessions regardless of the simulation tool) between men and women (55.6% versus 23% respectively, p = 0.008). A notable discrepancy was observed between participants with 10 or more training sessions and those without specific training in four key areas: self-assessed confidence and ability to perform cataract surgery (p = 0.003), handling complications like posterior capsular tear (p < 0.001) and in performing corneal sutures (p = 0.015). Less than half (40.5%) of respondents had not performed any steps of cataract surgery on patients during their residency. Unlike in the EBO results, there were no gender differences found. Discussion: The results show a geographically homogenous group with an overrepresentation of Warsaw. Polish residency training is a hybrid model ensuring that all residents receive uniform surgical training. After completing their residency, Polish ophthalmologists are subsequently categorized into either surgical specialists or clinical practitioners.
Keywords: surgical training, simulation, phacoemulsification, survey, Poland, Europe, kirurško usposabljanje, simulacija, fakoemulzifikacija, anketa, Poljska, Evropa
Published in DiRROS: 10.04.2026; Views: 377; Downloads: 330
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4. Horizonti kontemporalnosti : Znanstvena monografijaDean Komel, 2021, scientific monograph Abstract: Dean Komel se v Horizontih kontemporalnosti tematsko osredotoča na razumevanje smisla, ki ga je obravnaval že v Obeležjih smisla (2016) in Totalitariumu (2019), v novi knjigi pa ga zasnuje na način misliti v paralelah. Taka zastavitev mu omogoča razvitje hermenevtične topike, ki presega okvire filozofske logike v paraleli misli in besede. Druga določilna topika, ki zadeva spletanje horizontov izkustva, je paralela bivanja v času in prostoru.
Osrednje vprašanje, ki ob tem nastopi, Kaj je z našo sodobnostjo? je podano v okviru razgrnitve kontemporalnosti razumevanjskega konteksta kot možne osnove oblikovanja humanistične vednosti.
Humanistična vednost ni nikoli vrednostno nevtralna, kolikor je pozorna do tega, kakšen smisel ima za nas neko spoznanje, delovanje ali stvaritev, nadalje pa jo opredeljuje posredovanje smisla v jeziku. Avtor posebej razgrne tako vrednostni kot komunikativni vidik razumevanja smisla, najprej v okviru humanistične, nato pa tudi širše družbene diskusije. Glede slednje velja, da čim bolj informacijsko sili v osredje z aktualnosti, tem bolj se ji odmika sama forma sodobnosti.
S tem se nikakor noče spodbijati pomena družbene kritike, ki se je od razsvetljenstva naprej zastavljala prav iz odnosa do aktualnega, je pa vprašanje, na katerih tleh in iz katerega obzorja postavlja lastne kriterije. In še: kaj sploh izpolnjuje okrožje lastnega, če napotitev nanj ne seže dlje od izpraznjenega smisla in nihilizma? Je temu moč zoperstaviti humanizem drugega smisla? Poskus odgovora je v zaključnih poglavjih knjige posredovan v paralelah lastne kontemplacije.
Keywords: hermenevtika, interdisciplinarna humanistika, Heidegger, Gadamer, spomin, materinščina, Evropa, Nova Gorica
Published in DiRROS: 03.02.2026; Views: 598; Downloads: 226
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5. Mestu in svetu med vrsticami : Nadežda N. Starikova (otv. red.): Topos goroda v sinhronii i diahronii: literaturnaja paradigma Central'noj i Jugo-Vostočnoj Evropy. Kollektivnaja monografija, pod obšč. red. I. E. Adel̕gejm, A. V. Usačjovoj, E. V. Šat̕ko. Moskva: Institut slavjanovedenija RAN, 2023. 550 s. Serija "Literatura XX veka" ...Blaž Podlesnik, 2024, review, book review, critique Keywords: slovanske književnosti, Srednja Evropa, Jugovzhodna Evropa
Published in DiRROS: 31.01.2026; Views: 573; Downloads: 325
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8. Razmišljanja o evtanaziji v Evropi in v SlovenijiJože Trontelj, 2003, professional article Abstract: Spoštovanje človeškega življenja je ena temeljnih vrednot današnje civilizacije. Garantirajo jo ustave držav, pa tudi mednarodni dogovori, kot je Evropska konvencija o človekovih pravicah. V mnogih deželah se v javnosti krepi zahteva po pravici do evtanazije ali samomora z zdravniško pomočjo. Dve evropski državi sta evtanazijo legalizirali, v ZDA pa ima Oregon uzakonjeno pravico do zdravniške pomoči pri samomoru. Drugod je evtanazija zločin, ki se kaznuje kot umor. V okviru Sveta Evrope tečejo prizadevanja za boljše varstvo pravic in dostojanstva bolnih na smrt in umirajočih. Večina razpravljalcev se zavzema za razvoj paliativne oskrbe kot etično sprejemljive alternative legalizacije evtanazije. Temu stališču se pridružuje komisija R. slovenije za medicinsko etiko in številni slovenski zdravniki.
Keywords: Slovenija, Evropa, evtanazija, bioetika, medicinska etika
Published in DiRROS: 28.01.2026; Views: 703; Downloads: 0 |
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