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2. Digitising stećci – 3D documentation and relief visualisation of medieval tombstonesLuka Škerjanec, Saša Čaval, Žiga Kokalj, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: This study explores the medieval funerary phenomenon of ste´cci through advanced digital techniques. Employing photogrammetry and structured light scanning, we digitised a number of ste´cci to compare the effectiveness of these methods for accurate surface reconstruction. The comparisons have shown that both methods are capable of producing comparable models under optimal capturing conditions. A number of different smoothing and mesh refinement techniques were employed to remove surface deformations and make the carvings more visible. The use of surface-enhancing visualisations proved to be a prerequisite for accurate and reliable interpretation of the iconographic and epigraphic features on ste´cci. Among the tested visualisations, those based on Digital Elevation Models (DEM) were the most effective, with the Simple Local Relief Model (SLRM) combined with hillshading from three directions (HSMD) proving particularly reliable.
Keywords: stećci, medieval archaeology, photogrammetry, structured light scanning, visualisation, 3D scanning, relief visualization toolbox
Published in DiRROS: 23.03.2026; Views: 166; Downloads: 163
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3. Enhancing wood sample preparation for SEM imaging : a detailed study of epoxy resin impregnation, cutting, sanding, and polishing for fragile and heterogeneous samplesRožle Repič, Maks Merela, Andreja Pondelak, Andrijana Sever Škapin, 2026, original scientific article Abstract: Accurate characterization of wood microstructure requires high-quality sample preparation, especially for degraded, mineralized, or embedded samples. Through a detailed and systematic investigation, we suggest a simple, fast, and cost-effective method for preparing transverse surfaces of wood for scanning electron microscopy. The methodology used is easily accessible and simple. We compare traditional microtome cutting using both disposable blades and a fixed knife with sanding and polishing techniques. The choice of method is determined by the physical condition and structural characteristics of the sample. Disposable blades, when used with continuous moistening, yielded the best results for reference wood, while the fixed knife proved to be more effective for mineralized or epoxy-embedded samples due to their rigidity and resistance to deflection. Maintaining blade sharpness and surface moisture were critical in all cutting techniques. Polishing proved to be a particularly effective technique for the preparation of degraded, mineral-rich, or heterogeneous samples. In combination with epoxy embedding, it offers a practical alternative to microtome cutting, ensuring the protection of fragile structures, the long-term stability of samples, and the possibility of re-polishing. Epoxy impregnation was easy for degraded wood, while sprucewood required vacuum-pressure treatment. Care must be taken when polishing to avoid reaching non-embedded regions beneath the surface.
Keywords: epoxy resin impregnation, polishing and sanding, sample preparation, scanning electron microscopy, wood
Published in DiRROS: 27.01.2026; Views: 298; Downloads: 213
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4. Pollen morphological study of some species of the genus Rubus L. (Rosaceae) of the flora of ArmeniaAlla Hayrapetyan, Marieta Asatryan, Hasmik Sonyan, Karine Balayan, Dmitri Beketovski, 2025, not set Abstract: Pollen morphology of 10 Armenian species of the genus Rubus L. was studied using both light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including the species R. candicans, R.cartalinicus and R. takhtadjanii investigated for the first time. The data received revealed the significant palynomorphological uniformity in the aperture type: mainly 3-zonocolporate, geniculate, occasionally 4-zonocolp-orate one. In some 4-zonocolporate pollen grains of the species R. armeniacus, additional slit-like or colpus-like areas were also noted at one or both poles. Exine ornamentation was predominantly finely striate-perforate (SEM), sometimes in combination with finely striate-microreticulate one (R. armeniacus and R. caesius). Pollen grains were small, sometimes of medium size also. The smallest pollen grains (according to polar axis length) were observed in the species R. takhtadjanii (on average 14.2 μm), and the largest ones in R. caucasicus (on average 26.3 μm). Our data support the previously held view that pollen grain morphology within the genus Rubus can only be used as an auxiliary feature for the diagnosis of individual species.
Keywords: brambles, pollen aperture, exine ornamentation, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy
Published in DiRROS: 24.01.2026; Views: 234; Downloads: 160
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5. Insights into surface microstructural engineering of Inconel 625 for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performanceLuka Suhadolnik, Črtomir Donik, Blaž Tomc, Mejrema Nuhanović, Martin Šala, Marjan Bele, Matjaž Finšgar, Andraž Mavrič, Iztok Arčon, Matjaž Godec, Nejc Hodnik, 2025, original scientific article Keywords: electrocatalysis, compositionally complex materials, commercial nickel alloys, oxygen evolution reaction, scanning electron microscopy, IL-SEM
Published in DiRROS: 29.10.2025; Views: 591; Downloads: 372
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6. Workflow and practical guidance for identical location scanning electron microscopy: reliable tracking of localized transformationsBlaž Tomc, Marjan Bele, Ana Rebeka Kamšek, Milena Martins, Aleš Marsel, Miha Hotko, Stefan Popović, Gregor Kapun, Črtomir Donik, Mitja Kostelec, Matjaž Godec, Nejc Hodnik, Luka Suhadolnik, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Understanding material transformations at the nano- and microscale is essential for advancing electrocatalysis, energy storage, and other applications. Conventional SEM imaging, which captures random locations before and after treatment, struggles to distinguish real transformations from inherent sample heterogeneity. Identical Location SEM (IL-SEM) overcomes this by enabling re-imaging of the exact same region, offering clear evidence of localized changes in morphology, structure, and composition. Despite its simplicity and wide applicability, IL-SEM remains underutilized. This article presents a detailed, practical guide to implementing IL-SEM reliably, including sample alignment, multiscale imaging, and consistent re-localization. Key methodological tips and solutions to common challenges are provided, making the approach accessible even for non-expert users. To showcase its versatility, we present case studies involving electrocatalysts, alloys, and nanostructured materials. Moreover, by integrating IL-SEM with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), we demonstrate how compositional and crystallographic evolution can be tracked alongside morphological changes. This optimized workflow offers a powerful, non-destructive method for visualizing dynamic material behavior and provides a foundation for IL-SEM to become a standard technique for studying structural evolution across diverse materials research fields.
Keywords: electrocatalysis, identical location electron microscopy, IL-SEM, materials characterization, scanning electron microscopy, surface analysis
Published in DiRROS: 15.10.2025; Views: 638; Downloads: 338
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7. Atomic scale visualization of vibrational modes in armchair graphene nanoribbonStefan Šćepanović, Diego López-Alcalá, José J. Baldoví, Alexander Vahl, Abdou Hassanien, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and inelastic tunneling spectroscopy, the low-frequency vibrational modes of a 7-atom wide armchair graphene nanoribbon (7-AGNR) is mapped. The inelastic tunneling channel is enhanced over the elastic one by a covalently bonded 7-AGNR to the apex of an STM tip. This setup has led to resonant inelastic tunneling between vibrational states of supported 7-GNR on Au(111) substrate and the states of the functionalized STM tip. The low-energy spectra reveal two localized peaks at the armchair edges with energies at ±14 and ±30 mV. The peaks are assigned to twice the energies of longitudinal compressive and shear-like modes of 7-AGNR, respectively. Remarkably, the well-separated peaks evolve rapidly into one broader peak toward the bulk of the ribbon due to scattering from substrate interactions. This suggests that edge state phonons are uniquely protected from the microenvironment and may have a profound effect on the transport properties of GNR devices.
Keywords: scanning tunneling microscopy, inelastic tunneling spectroscopy, armchair graphene nanoribbons
Published in DiRROS: 12.09.2025; Views: 448; Downloads: 263
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9. Mechanism of corrosion of cast aluminum-silicon alloys in seawater : Characterization and field testing of sol-gel-coated alloys in the Adriatic SeaIngrid Milošev, Barbara Kapun, Peter Rodič, Charly Carrière, Dimitri Mercier, Sandrine Zanna, Philippe Marcus, 2023, original scientific article Keywords: cast aluminium alloys, sol-gel coatings, field testing, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, marine immersion, Adriatic Sea
Published in DiRROS: 25.04.2025; Views: 1547; Downloads: 521
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10. Mechanism of corrosion of cast aluminum-silicon alloys in seawater : Characterization and field testing of bare alloys in the Adriatic SeaIngrid Milošev, Barbara Kapun, Peter Rodič, Charly Carrière, Dimitri Mercier, Sandrine Zanna, Philippe Marcus, 2023, original scientific article Keywords: aluminum-silicon cast alloys, field testing, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, marine immersion, Adriatic Sea
Published in DiRROS: 25.04.2025; Views: 1271; Downloads: 504
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