1. Nadgradnja podatkov o fenološkem razvoju rastlin v spremenjenem podnebju : (pogodba št. 2551-21-700022)Gal Oblišar, Urša Vilhar, 2022, elaborat, predštudija, študija Ključne besede: fenološki razvoj rastlin, fenološka podatkovna baza, podnebni trendi, prostorska interpolacija, spomladanski indeks, ocena podnebnih sprememb, Agencija za okolje Republike Slovenije, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.01.2023; Ogledov: 122; Prenosov: 35
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2. Forest subsidy distribution in five European countriesElena Haeler, Andreas Bolte, Rafael Buchacher, Harri Hänninen, R. Jandl, Artti Juutinen, Katharina Kuhlmey, Mikko Kurttila, Gun Lidestav, Raisa Mäkipää, Lydia Rosenkranz, Matevž Triplat, Urša Vilhar, Kerstin Westin, Silvio Schueler, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Forest subsidies are widely used to achieve policy objectives aimed at maintaining and supporting the provision of the various ecosystem services provided by forests. In the European Union, an important instrument is the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) within the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), but countries also have national subsidy systems. In both cases, individual countries determine which objectives they want to achieve with the subsidy schemes and which measures are supported. In this comparative study, we investigate which forest-related measures are subsidized across Europe and which forest owners, representing a very heterogeneous group, are involved in the activities of the subsidy systems. We collected data on subsidies paid out for forest-related measures from Austria, Finland, Germany, Slovenia and Sweden from the EAFRD funding period 2014–2020 for a comparison of the funded activities. Further, we analysed how subsidies were distributed among private forest owners with forest holdings of different sizes by performing G-tests to compare the observed with the expected subsidies received by forest owners in the different size categories. The results show that through the flexibility given by the CAP for countries to adjust their subsidy programmes to the specific national needs, EAFRD funds and equivalent national subsidies are indeed used for a wide range of activities instead of only a few following one common European goal. Reflecting the different needs and various forest functions, the subsidized activities range from the more ecology-oriented “investment to increase resistance and the ecological value of forests” to the more management-oriented “purchase of new machinery and new equipment for forestry operations”. In all five countries, small-scale forest owners with holdings smaller than 200 ha are the largest owner group and manage a large share of the forest area in private hands (from 47% in Austria to 97% in Slovenia). However, especially owners of the smallest holdings (< 20 ha) rarely use the funding scheme of the EAFRD framework and thus receive a disproportionately low share of subsidies. There might be several reasons for this. Small-scale forest owners are generally less involved regarding policy issues (including subsidy schemes) than owners of larger forest holdings and may not be aware of all funding opportunities. In addition, the considerable effort to apply, including project preparation, administration and documentation may be perceived as a barrier. It became clear that the current subsidy systems of the countries focus on different forest policy objectives. Our study further revealed that the documentation of subsidy distribution is partly unclear and inconsistent across countries hampering European comparisons. However, understanding current subsidy distribution is urgently needed for increasing the effectiveness of subsidy systems to achieve European policy goals of vital multifunctional forests.
Ključne besede: European agricultural fund for rural development, EAFRD, policy, incentives, multifunctional forests, small-scale forest owners, bioeconomy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.01.2023; Ogledov: 195; Prenosov: 82
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3. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) as biodiversity indicators for assessing urban forest habitatsMaarten De Groot, Primož Simončič, Andrej Verlič, Urša Vilhar, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Urban and peri-urban forests are important habitats for maintaining biodiversity in cities. In this paper, we report a method for using hoverflies as biodiversity indicators in urban forest habitats. As a case study, forest habitats in three peri-urban and urban forests were assessed and compared to rural forests in Slovenia. Rožnik (Ljubljana) was chosen as the urban forest site, Mestni log (Ljubljana) and Brdo (Kranj) were chosen as the peri-urban sites, and eight sites were chosen in rural forests in different ecoregions in Slovenia. Forest hoverfly species richness and the species composition of different biological traits were compared between the peri-urban forests, urban forest and rural forest sites. In addition, species richness was assessed for changes in response to weather conditions between years. The number of species with the investigated traits in the urban and peri-urban forests was within the range of the number of species observed in the rural forests. The number of saproxylic species was higher in the urban forest but lower in the peri-urban forests compared to the rural forests. The proportions of species with different feeding modes and different development times were similar between the peri-urban, urban and rural forests. The proportions of species with development times of less than 2 months or more than 1 year and of predatory species were similar in the urban and peri-urban forests but higher in the rural forests. The species composition of the other biological traits differed between the peri-urban, urban and rural forests. Species richness and abundance displayed large differences in phenological patterns between 2012 and 2013; these differences are related to differences in the minimum temperature for these years. The results are discussed in relation to forest management in urban forests, the usefulness of hoverflies as a biodiversity indicator and possible extrapolation to other species groups.
Ključne besede: biological traits, ecosystem services, forest management, saproxylic species, Syrphidae, urban forest
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.12.2022; Ogledov: 512; Prenosov: 310
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4. Common preferences of European small-scale forest owners towards contract-based managementArtti Juutinen, Elena Haeler, R. Jandl, Katharina Kuhlmey, Mikko Kurttila, Raisa Mäkipää, Tähti Pohjanmies, Lydia Rosenkranz, Mitja Skudnik, Matevž Triplat, Anne Tolvanen, Urša Vilhar, Kerstin Westin, Silvio Schueler, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The societal demands on forest management are becoming increasingly diverse, which will be reflected in decisions made by forest owners. We examined the willingness of private forest owners in Austria, Finland, Germany, Slovenia, and Sweden to participate in a contract-based payment scheme in which they were asked to apply a specific management strategy to promote either timber production or environmental goals. The preferences for the contract-based management and associated consequences in terms of profitability, biodiversity, carbon stock, and climate change-induced damages were addressed within a choice experiment. A majority of respondents across all countries agreed to participate in a payment scheme to promote environmental goals, while schemes purely targeted to increase wood production were found less attractive. Forest owners liked improvements in profitability and environmental attributes and disliked deterioration of these attributes. Differences among countries were found in the level of expected contract payments, and commonalities were found with respect to preferences towards environmental goals, including biodiversity and carbon stocks. Hence, new policies to target European forest subsidy to promote the provision of environmental goals would likely be acceptable.
Ključne besede: choice experiment, ecosystem services, forest policy, incentives, private forest owners
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.09.2022; Ogledov: 174; Prenosov: 94
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5. Poročilo o spremljanju stanja gozdov za leto 2021 : vsebinsko poročilo o spremljanju stanja gozdov v skladu s Pravilnikom o varstvu gozdov (2009)Mitja Ferlan, Andrej Grah, Janez Kermavnar, Lado Kutnar, Nikica Ogris, Anže Martin Pintar, Matej Rupel, Primož Simončič, Mitja Skudnik, Urša Vilhar, Daniel Žlindra, 2022, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Ključne besede: varstvo gozdov, monitoring, stanje gozdov, zdravstveno stanje krošenj, popis povzročiteljev poškodb, meteorološke meritve, osutost dreves, poročila, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.07.2022; Ogledov: 273; Prenosov: 103
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6. Infiltration processes in karst aquifers affected by large-scale forest disturbancesUrša Vilhar, Mitja Ferlan, Janez Kermavnar, Erika Kozamernik, Aleksander Marinšek, Metka Petrič, Tanja Pipan, Daniel Žlindra, Nataša Ravbar, 2021, objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci Ključne besede: karst hydrogeology, global environmental changes, large-scale forest disturbances, aquifer recharge, water monitoring
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.12.2021; Ogledov: 677; Prenosov: 440
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9. Empirical approach for modelling tree phenology in mixed forests using remote sensingKoffi Dodji Noumonvi, Gal Oblišar, Ana Žust, Urša Vilhar, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: : Phenological events are good indicators of the effects of climate change, since phenological phases are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Although several national phenological networks monitor the phenology of different plant species, direct observations can only be conducted on individual trees, which cannot be easily extended over large and continuous areas. Remote sensing has often been applied to model phenology for large areas, focusing mostly on pure forests in which it is relatively easier to match vegetation indices with ground observations. In mixed forests, phenology modelling from remote sensing is often limited to land surface phenology, which consists of an overall phenology of all tree species present in a pixel. The potential of remote sensing for modelling the phenology of individual tree species in mixed forests remains underexplored. In this study, we applied the seasonal midpoint (SM) method with MODIS GPP to model the start of season (SOS) and the end of season (EOS) of six different tree species in Slovenian mixed forests. First, substitute locations were identified for each combination of observation station and plant species based on similar environmental conditions (aspect, slope, and altitude) and tree species of interest, and used to retrieve the remote sensing information used in the SM method after fitting the best of a Gaussian and two double logistic functions to each year of GPP time series. Then, the best thresholds were identified for SOS and EOS, and the results were validated using cross-validation. The results show clearly that the usual threshold of 0.5 is not best in most cases, especially for estimating the EOS. Despite the difficulty in modelling the phenology of different tree species in a mixed forest using remote sensing, it was possible to estimate SOS and EOS with moderate errors as low as <8 days (Fagus sylvatica and Tilia sp.) and <10 days (Fagus sylvatica and Populus tremula), respectively.
Ključne besede: phenology modelling, start of season, end of season, remote sensing, MODIS GPP, vegetation indices, threshold methods
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 23.08.2021; Ogledov: 625; Prenosov: 489
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10. Strategija razvoja mestnih gozdov LjubljaneTina Simončič, Matjaž Harmel, Jurij Kobe, Robert Hostnik, Andrej Verlič, Urša Vilhar, Klemen Strmšnik, Luka Sešel, Rok Pisek, Dragan Matijašič, 2021, strokovni članek Povzetek: Strategija razvoja mestnih gozdov Ljubljane opredeljuje vizijo in dolgoročne prioritete celovitega razvoja mestnih gozdov Ljubljane. Strategija je podlaga za upravljanje z mestnimi gozdovi, ki pomembno prispevajo k zagotavljanju zdravega življenjskega okolja za prebivalce in obiskovalce mesta. Strategija izraža/upošteva interes lokalne skupnosti do gozdov v mestu in njegovi neposredni okolici ter prispeva k odgovornemu načrtovanju gospodarjenja z gozdovi za potrebe skupnosti. Strategija je bila na pobudo Mestne občine Ljubljana izdelana v okviru projekta INTERREG URBforDAN za območje mestnih gozdov Ljubljane, torej vseh tistih, ki so po občinskem prostorskem načrtu opredeljeni kot gozdovi z izjemno poudarjenimi socialnimi funkcijami. Namen strategije je spodbuditi različne institucije, nevladne organizacije in posameznike k aktivnejšemu vključevanju v soodločanje o razvoju mestnih gozdov Ljubljane, krepiti zavest o pomenu teh gozdov ter izboljšati podlage za gospodarjenje z gozdovi, ki krepi socialne in ekološke funkcije. V prispevku so podane poglavitne značilnosti Strategije razvoja mestnih gozdov Ljubljane vključno s cilji in usmeritvami. Strategija nastavlja okvirje za sistem organizacijskih, finančnih in drugih ukrepov, s katerim bi lahko izboljšali usklajevanje javnih interesov v urbanem gozdnem prostoru, ki je pretežno v zasebni lasti. Izpostavlja tudi pomen sodelovanja z zasebnimi lastniki za zagotavljanje socialnih funkcij v mestnih gozdovih.
Ključne besede: pomen mestnih gozdov, strateški načrt, upravljanje, Ljubljana, projekt URBforDAN
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.08.2021; Ogledov: 948; Prenosov: 299
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