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Query: "author" (Savic Sinisa) .

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Hereditary systemic autoinflammatory diseases and Schnitzler's syndrome
Mark Kačar, Shelly Pathak, Sinisa Savic, 2019, review article

Abstract: The systemic autoinflammatory diseases are disorders of the innate immune system distinguished by severe inflammation resulting from dysregulation of the innate immune system. Hereditary fever syndromes, such as FMF, TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes and mevalonate kinase deficiency, were the first group of systemic autoinflammatory diseases for which a genetic basis was established, between 1999 and 2001. Currently according to the latest report of the international union of immunological societies, 37 separate monogenic disorders were classified as autoinflammatory. In addition to the abovementioned monogenic conditions, we describe Schnitzler's syndrome, a well-defined, acquired autoinflammatory condition without a clear genetic basis. For the purposes of this review, we discuss several conditions defined by the latest consensus process as systemic autoinflammatory diseases. We focus on those disorders where recent studies have contributed to further phenotypic characterization or had an impact on clinical management.
Keywords: pyrin, Schnitzler syndrome, haploinsufficiency, autoinflammatory diseases, pyrin-associated autoinflammatory diseases, NLRP3-related autoinflammatory diseases, undifferentiated systemic autoinflammatory disease, relopathies
Published in DiRROS: 08.04.2021; Views: 1223; Downloads: 939
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4.
The efficacy, safety and tolerability of canakinumab in the treatment of familial Mediterranean fever : a systematic review of the literature
Mark Kačar, Sinisa Savic, Jeroen CH van der Hilst, 2020, review article

Abstract: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most prevalent genetic autoinflammatory disorder. In most patients, treatment with colchicine can prevent attacks of fever and inflammation. However, 5%-10% of patients are resistant to colchicine treatment, while a similar percentage cannot tolerate colchicine in doses needed to prevent attacks. For these patients, Canakinumab, a full human antibody against IL-1[beta], has been approved recently by the FDA and EMA. In this article, we present a systematic review of the long-term efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Canakinumab in FMF patients who cannot tolerate colchicine or who are resistant to colchicine treatment.
Keywords: familial Mediterranean fever -- therapy -- review, monoclonal antibodies, canakinumab, anti-IL1 therapy
Published in DiRROS: 08.04.2021; Views: 1267; Downloads: 746
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5.
Mixed results with baricitinib in biological-resistant adult-onset Still's disease and undifferentiated systemic autoinflammatory disease
Mark Kačar, John Fitton, Andrew K Gough, Maya H Buch, Dennis McGonagle, Sinisa Savic, 2020, original scientific article

Abstract: This clinical case series describes our experience with the use of Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor baricitinib in two patients suffering from refractory adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) as well as in one case suffering from AOSD-like autoinflammatory disease in the context of myelodysplastic syndrome. All patients suffered from disease nonresponsive to conventional Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as well as biological therapies including interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 blockade, relying instead on high daily doses of prednisolone. We also report the first case of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection following baricitinib use.
Keywords: adult onset Still's disease -- drug therapy, ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis, antirheumatic agents, undifferentiated systemic autoinflammatory disease, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
Published in DiRROS: 08.04.2021; Views: 1280; Downloads: 825
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6.
Evidence of B cell clonality and investigation into properties of the IgM in patients with Schnitzler syndrome
Shelly Pathak, Dorota Rowczenio, Samuel Lara-Reyna, Mark Kačar, Roger Owen, Gina Doody, Karoline Krause, Helen J Lachmann, Rainer Doffinger, Darren Newton, Sinisa Savic, 2020, original scientific article

Abstract: The Schnitzler Syndrome (SchS) is an acquired, autoinflammatory condition successfully treated with IL-1 inhibition. The two main defining features of this late-onset condition are neutrophilic urticarial dermatoses (NUD) and the presence of an IgM monoclonal component. While the former aspect has been extensively studied in this disease setting, the enigmatic paraproteinaemia and its potential consequential effects within SchS, has not previously been thoroughly addressed. Previous studies analyzing clonal B cell repertoires have largely focused on autoimmune disorders such as Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) and hematological malignancies such as Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL), where B-cell clonality is central to disease pathology. The present study uses next-generation sequencing to provide detailed insight into aspects of B cell VDJ recombination and properties of the resulting immunoglobulin chains. An overview of IgH regional dynamics in 10 SchS patients, with a particular focus on CDR3 sequences and VDJ gene usage is reported, highlighting the presence of specific B cell expansions. Protein microarray detected a substantial proportion of autoreactive IgM to nuclear target proteins, though a single universal target was not identified. Together, these genetic and functional findings impart new understanding into this rare disorder.
Keywords: Schnitzler syndrome, B-lymhocytes, paraproteinemias, pararoteins, immunoglobulin M, autoinflammatory diseases, IgM
Published in DiRROS: 08.04.2021; Views: 1162; Downloads: 795
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7.
Identification of critical transcriptomic signaling pathways in patients with H syndrome and Rosai-Dorfman disease
Samuel Lara-Reyna, James A. Poulter, Elton J.R. Vasconcelos, Mark Kačar, Michael F. McDermott, Reuben Tooze, Rainer Doffinger, Sinisa Savic, 2021, original scientific article

Abstract: Biallelic mutations in SLC29A3 cause histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome, also known as H syndrome (HS). HS is a complex disorder, with ~ 25% of patients developing autoinflammatory complications consisting of unexplained fevers, persistently elevated inflammatory markers, and unusual lymphadenopathies, with infiltrating CD68+, S100+, and CD1a[minus] histiocytes, resembling the immunophenotype found in Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD). We investigated the transcriptomic profiles of monocytes, non-activated (M0), classically activated (M1), and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) in two patients with HS, one without autoinflammatory (HS1) and one with autoinflammatory complications (HS2). RNA sequencing revealed a dysregulated transcriptomic profile in both HS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). HS2, when compared to HS1, had several differentially expressed genes, including genes associated with lymphocytic-histiocytic predominance (e.g. NINL) and chronic immune activation (e.g. B2M). The transcriptomic and cytokine profiles of HS patients were comparable to patients with SAID with high levels of TNF. SERPINA1 gene expression was found to be upregulated in all patients studied. Moreover, higher levels of IFN[gamma] were found in the serum of both HS patients when compared to HC. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs in HS patients revealed the terms "type I IFN," "IFN[gamma] signaling pathway," and "immune responses" as the top 3 most significant terms for monocytes. Gene expression analysis of lymph node biopsies from sporadic and H syndrome-associated RDD suggests common underlying pathological process. In conclusion, monocytes and macrophages from both HS patients showed transcriptomic profiles similar to SAIDs and also uniquely upregulated IFN[gamma] signature. These findings may help find better therapeutic options for this rare disorder.
Keywords: interferon-gamma, H syndrome, systemic autoinflammatory disease
Published in DiRROS: 08.04.2021; Views: 1087; Downloads: 564
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8.
The use of drug provocation testing in the investigation of suspected immediate perioperative allergic reactions : current status
Lene Heise Garvey, Didier G. Ebo, Mogens Krøigaard, Sinisa Savic, Russel C. Clarke, Peter J. Cooke, Pascale Dewachter, Tomaz Garcez, Anne Berit Guttormsen, Philip M. Hopkins, Peter Kopač, 2019, review article

Abstract: Suspected perioperative allergic reactions are often severe. To avoid potentially life-threatening re-exposure to the culprit drug, establishing a firm diagnosis and identifying the culprit is crucial. Drug provocation tests are considered the gold standard in drug allergy investigation but have not been recommended in the investigation of perioperative allergy, mainly because of the pharmacological effects of drugs such as induction agents and neuromuscular blocking agents. Some specialised centres have reported benefits of provocation testing in perioperative allergy investigation, but the literature on the subject is limited. Here we provide a status update on the use of drug provocation testing in perioperative allergy, including its use in specific drug groups. This review is based on a literature search and experiences of the authors comprising anaesthesiologists and allergists with experience in perioperative allergy investigation. In addition, 19 participating centres in the International Suspected Perioperative Allergic Reaction Group were surveyed on the use of provocation testing in perioperative allergy investigation. A response was received from 13 centres in eight European countries, New Zealand, and the USA. Also, 21 centres from the Australian and New Zealand Anaesthetic Allergy Group were surveyed. Two centres performed provocation routinely and seven centres performed no provocations at all. Nearly half of the centres reported performing provocations with induction agents and neuromuscular blocking agents. Drug provocation testing is being used in perioperative allergy investigation in specialised centres, but collaborations between relevant specialties and multicentre studies are necessary to determine indications and establish common testing protocols.
Keywords: allergy and immunology, drug hypersensitivity, anesthesia, drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, anaphylaxis, perioperative period, allergic reactions, hypersensitivity reaction, perioperative anaphylaxis, allergy testing, challenge testing, drug provocation test
Published in DiRROS: 09.10.2020; Views: 1267; Downloads: 468
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