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12. Comparing environmental impacts of alien plants, insects and pathogens in protected riparian forestsKatharina Lapin, Sven Bacher, Thomas L. Cech, Rok Damjanić, Franz Essl, Freya-Isabel Georges, Gernot Hoch, Andreja Kavčič, András Koltay, Saša Kostić, Ivan Lukić, Aleksander Marinšek, Laszlo Nagy, Sonja Novak Agbaba, Janine Oettel, Saša Orlović, Leopold Poljaković-Pajnik, Marcus Sallmannshofer, Martin Steinkellner, Srdjan Stojnić, Marjana Westergren, Milica Zlatković, Anita Zolles, Maarten De Groot, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: The prioritization of alien species according to the magnitude of their environmental impacts has become increasingly important for the management of invasive alien species. In this study, we applied the Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT) to classify alien taxa from three different taxonomic groups to facilitate the prioritisation of management actions for the threatened riparian forests of the Mura-Drava-Danube Biosphere Reserve, South East Europe. With local experts we collated a list of 198 alien species (115 plants, 45 insects, and 38 fungi) with populations reported in southeast European forest ecosystems and included them in the EICAT. We found impact reports for 114 species. Eleven of these species caused local extinctions of a native species, 35 led to a population decrease, 51 to a reduction in performance in at least one native species and for 17 alien species no effects on individual fitness of native species were detected. Fungi had significantly highest impact and were more likely to have information on their impacts reported. Competition and parasitism were the most important impact mechanisms of alien species. This study is, to our knowledge, the first application of EICAT to all known alien species of several taxonomic groups in a protected area. The impact rankings enabled to identify taxa that generally cause high impacts and to prioritize species for the management in protected areas according to their impact magnitudes. By following a standardized impact protocol, we identified several alien species causing high impacts that do not appear on any expert-based risk list, which are relevant for policymakers. Thus, we recommend that alien species be systematically screened to identify knowledge gaps and prioritize their management with respect to spatio-temporal trends in impact magnitudes.
Keywords: alien species, biological invasions, EICAT, invasive species management, protected areas, species prioritization
Published in DiRROS: 29.10.2021; Views: 821; Downloads: 655
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13. Contrasting resource dynamics in mast years for European Beech and Oak - a continental scale analysisAnita Nussbaumer, Arthur Gessler, Sue Benham, B. De Cinti, Sophia Etzold, Morten Ingerslev, Frank Jacob, François Lebourgeois, Tom Levanič, Hrvoje Marjanović, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Resource allocation to different plant tissues is likely to be affected by high investment into fruit production during mast years. However, there is a large knowledge gap concerning species-specific differences in resource dynamics. We investigated the influence of mast years on stem growth, leaf production, and leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations and contents in Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, and Q. robur at continental and climate region scales using long-term data from the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) and similar datasets. We discussed the results in the light of opposing resource dynamics hypotheses: (i) resource accumulation before mast years and exhaustion after mast years (resource storage hypothesis), (ii) shifting resources from vegetative to generative compartments (resource switching hypothesis), and (iii) investing resources concurrently in both vegetative and generative compartments (resource matching hypothesis). Linear mixed-effects modelling (LMM) showed that both stem growth and leaf production were negatively influenced by weather conditions which simultaneously lead to high fruit production. Thus, the impact of generative on vegetative growth is intermixed with effects of environmental factors. Superposed epoch analyses and LMM showed that for mast behaviour in F. sylvatica, there are indicators supporting the resource storage and the resource switching hypotheses. Before mast years, resources were accumulated, while during mast years resources switched from vegetative to generative tissues with reduced stem and leaf growth. For the Quercus species, stem growth was reduced after mast years, which supports the resource storage hypothesis. LMM showed that leaf C concentrations did not change with increasing fruit production in neither species. Leaf N and P concentrations increased in F. sylvatica, but not in Quercus species. Leaf N and P contents decreased with increasing fruit production in all species, as did leaf C content in F. sylvatica. Overall, our findings suggest different resource dynamics strategies in F. sylvatica and Quercus species, which might lead to differences in their adaptive capacity to a changing climate.
Keywords: climate change, Fagus sylvatica, long-term monitoring, mast fruiting, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, resource dynamics
Published in DiRROS: 15.07.2021; Views: 871; Downloads: 640
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14. Uvoz lesa listavcev v Evropsko unijo in tveganje za gozdAnita Benko-Beloglavec, Andreja Kavčič, 2020, professional article Abstract: Posledice mednarodne trgovine z lesom med celinami in državami so vneseni tujerodni škodljivi organizmi, ki ob ustalitvi v našem okolju nimajo naravnih sovražnikov. Zato se lahko pojavijo v večjih populacijah in povzročajo poškodbe na rastlinah ali celo odmiranje. Pri prenovi zakonodaje na področju zdravja rastlin v EU je Slovenija podpirala preventivni pristop in previdnostno načelo pri trgovanju z rastlinami in rastlinskimi proizvodi iz tretjih držav. Za les listavcev ni dovolj zaščite pri uvozu v EU. Zato je bil pripravljen seznam novih, potencialno nevarnih tujerodnih škodljivih organizmov, ki bi jih morali uvrstiti v seznam karantenskih škodljivih organizmov in tako preprečiti njihov vnos z uvozom lesa gostiteljskih rastlin v EU in tako obvarovati gozdove pred potencialno škodo.
Keywords: karantenski škodljivi organizmi, les listavcev, uvoz, predhodna ocena tveganja, poti vnosa
Published in DiRROS: 14.11.2020; Views: 1651; Downloads: 405
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20. Posebno preizkušanje in vzgoja novih sort sadnih rastlin v letu 2013Boštjan Godec, Metka Hudina, Valentina Usenik, Anita Solar, Viljanka Vesel, Matej Stopar, Darinka Koron, Biserka Donik Purgaj, 2014, dictionary, encyclopaedia, lexicon, manual, atlas, map Keywords: sadjarstvo, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 11.07.2017; Views: 4950; Downloads: 949
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