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Abstract: The prevalence of the internet in modern society poses challenges, such as addiction and problematic internet use. Several authors suggest that the internet contributes to rising mental health issues among youth. Despite family dysfunction being a well-documented risk factor for problematic internet use, there is limited research on individuation—an intrapsychic process focused on attaining autonomy while maintaining connectedness with parents. An additional noteworthy risk factor is dark personality traits. Based on the importance of these variables in the occurrence of problematic internet use, we examined two path models (separately for mothers and fathers) in which two aspects of individuation (connectedness and parental intrusiveness) along with the three dark triad traits were proposed to predict the deficient self-regulatory aspects of problematic internet use (compulsive use and withdrawal). Furthermore, we hypothesized that the relationship between the aspects of individuation and deficient self-regulation would be moderated by the dark triad traits. Our sample comprised 392 emerging adults, aged 19 to 30 years (M=22.67, SD=2.88), with 74.5% being female. The models demonstrated satisfactory fit to the data concerning both mothers and fathers, and psychopathy emerged as a significant moderator in the relationship between paternal intrusiveness and withdrawal. The models elucidated moderate proportions of the variance in outcome variables (R2 s ranging between 0.10 and 0.18) and substantiated the expectations derived from theory regarding the contribution of personality and relational factors in predicting deficient self-regulation in internet use.
Keywords: individuation, internet usage, dark triad, emerging adulthood, path analysis
Published in DiRROS: 05.02.2026; Views: 136; Downloads: 52
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Abstract: Background: Mother and Baby Units are specialised psychiatric facilities for women during and after pregnancy. In the United Kingdom, efforts have been made to expand the Mother and Baby Unit availability and establish care guidelines. However, the accessibility of these services for ethnic minority women remains relatively unexplored despite well-documented disparities. Aims: To explore patient pathways to Mother and Baby Units in three UK localities, with a focus on variations in pathways between services and among ethnic groups. Methods: This is a three-site, longitudinal retrospective service evaluation conducted in Birmingham, London and Nottingham during a 12-month period (1 January–31 December 2019). Electronic records were accessed to extract data on the type of admission, the referral process and the type of pathway (simple or complex). The simple pathway entailed contact with one clinician/service prior to admission to the Mother and Baby Unit, while the complex pathway involved interactions with two or more clinicians/services before Mother and Baby Unit admission. Data were collected using the adapted World Health Organization Encounter form and were analysed using uni- and multivariable analyses. Results: Electronic records from 198 patients were analysed, with participants distributed proportionally across three sites: Birmingham (n = 70, 35.4%), London (n = 62, 31.3%) and Nottingham (n = 66, 33.3%). All Mother and Baby Units were nationally commissioned and received referrals from across England. Most patients were in the post partum period, admitted for the first time through emergency, informal and complex pathways. The average length of admission was 6 weeks. Significant differences in admission characteristics were observed between services. Patients of Asian ethnicity had more emergency admissions compared to those of Black and White ethnicities. Ethnicity was the only significant factor associated with the simple/complex care pathway. After controlling for pathway-level and patient-level factors, Black patients were 6.24 times less likely to experience a complex care pathway than White patients. No evidence was found that patients from the Black ethnic background are detained more often than White patients. Limitations: The heterogeneity among categorised ethnic groups, data extracted solely from electronic records without validation through patients’ personal accounts of their care pathways, unanalysed declined referrals and the utilisation of pre-COVID-19 pandemic data. The ethnic composition of the study sample matched that of the UK maternity population in the Nottingham subsample, but Black and Asian populations were over-represented in the Birmingham and London subsamples. Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into patient journeys to Mother and Baby Units, highlighting significant differences between services. It also emphasises the role of ethnicity in care pathways. For example, Black patients were less likely to encounter more than two services before Mother and Baby Unit admission, suggesting either more direct access to specialist care or insufficient community-based interventions. This dual interpretation calls for future research to explore whether pathway differences among ethnic groups result from optimal clinical decision-making or gaps in care provision. Future work: Should further examine the role of ethnicity in shaping care pathways; explore the link between care pathway types and treatment outcomes; investigate if simple or complex pathways result from optimal clinical decisions or gaps in the healthcare system and explore admissions to general wards versus Mother and Baby Units and transitions between these units.
Keywords: psychology, perinatal period, mental health, mental health services
Published in DiRROS: 29.12.2025; Views: 490; Downloads: 137
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Abstract: Background: The long-term consequences of COVID-19, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), represent a major public health concern. Beyond persistent physical symptoms, PASC profoundly affects mental health and daily functioning. Despite growing international evidence, little is known about how pre-pandemic lifestyle patterns shape vulnerability to PASC and how its psychological burden extends beyond distress to deficits in well-being. While national settings may shape prevalence estimates and symptom reporting, this study focuses on group differences within a single country—Slovenia, characterized by universal healthcare, high physical activity, strict containment measures, and low institutional trust. Methods: Data were drawn from a representative sample of working-age Slovenian adults (N = 3,048), surveyed in early 2023. Participants reported infection history, symptom persistence, pre-pandemic lifestyle patterns, and mental health outcomes. PASC was defined following WHO criteria, with an added requirement of functional impairment. Analyses employed chi-squared tests for categorical variables and ANOVAs for differences across ill-being and well-being indicators. Results: Nearly one-third of infected individuals (29.5%) met PASC criteria. Fatigue, decreased physical performance, and cognitive difficulties were the most prevalent and persistent symptoms, often lasting close to a year. PASC was more common among women, younger adults, those facing financial hardship, and individuals with higher education. Lifestyle patterns showed mixed associations: BMI was unrelated, smoking displayed a paradoxically lower risk, while physical activity reduced infection risk but was modestly linked to greater PASC likelihood post-infection. Crucially, PASC was associated with significantly elevated stress, anxiety, and depression, alongside reduced well-being across all domains. Conclusions: These findings highlight the enduring burden of PASC and its dual impact on distress and well-being, underscoring the need for integrated, system-level planning that links primary care, rehabilitation, and mental health services to mitigate long-term consequences and support recovery.
Keywords: COVID-19, post-COVID-19 conditions, sequelae, lifestyle, mental health outcomes, Slovenian national study
Published in DiRROS: 29.12.2025; Views: 460; Downloads: 97
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Abstract: Introduction: Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a significant challenge for amateur and professional musicians, as well as music students. Systematic literature reviews highlight a lack of research on the role of contextual variables in MPA. This study contributes to existing knowledge by examining how job characteristics, particularly job demands and job resources, influence MPA among collaborative pianists. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted on 94 collaborative pianists (24% of the population) working at all three levels of the Slovenian music education system. Data were collected through an online survey, including demographic characteristics, objective workload measures, and perceived job characteristics scales (cognitive job demands, emotional demands, job influence, role clarity, role conflict, and organizational justice), along with an adapted MPA scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency analysis were conducted for each scale, followed by correlation analysis and a multiple linear regression model to predict MPA. Results: The study tested six hypotheses, with mixed support for the proposed relationships. The regression model explained 50% (F = 5.11; df1 = 10, df2 = 51, p < 0.001) of the variance in MPA, with perceived emotional demands (β = 0. 50; t = 3.57; p < 0.001) and role conflict (β = 0.38; t = 2.65; p = 0.011) playing significant roles in predicting MPA. Discussion and conclusions: The findings enhance the understanding of MPA in the job context and have practical implications for music school management. Future research should explore the interaction between job characteristics and individual psychological resources across diverse professional and cultural contexts with representative samples.
Keywords: job demands, job resources, performance anxiety, music education, accompanists
Published in DiRROS: 29.09.2025; Views: 329; Downloads: 169
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Abstract: V današnjem hitro razvijajočem se izobraževalnem okolju sposobnost raziskovanja ni več omejena na akademsko sfero. Za učiteljice in učitelje je sposobnost izvajanja in uporabe pedagoških raziskav ključnega pomena pri spodbujanju na dokazih temelječih praks ter zagotavljanju, da so pedagoške strategije usklajene s trenutnim razvojem in z različnimi potrebami razredov. Poglavja v tej monografiji tako izražajo enotno sporočilo: če učiteljice in učitelje opremimo z raziskovalnimi kompetencami, s tem ne le krepimo njihovo strokovno rast, temveč tudi izboljšujemo izobraževalne rezultate na vseh ravneh. Ena od osrednjih tem, ki se pojavlja v poglavjih, je dvojna vloga, ki jo morajo imeti učiteljice in učitelji kot izobraževalke in izobraževalci ter raziskovalke in raziskovalci. Ta dvojna vloga zahteva razvijanje miselnosti, ki ceni raziskovanje, kritično mišljenje in refleksivno prakso. Učiteljice in učitelji, ki so usposobljene in usposobljeni, da svoje učilnice obravnavajo kot dinamične prostore za raziskovanje in inovacije, se lahko bolje odzovejo na edinstvene izzive svojih učenk in učencev. Vsebina te monografije se poglobi v različne vidike tega pristopa in se prevprašuje, kako je tako za učiteljice in učitelje kot za učenke in učence mogoče oblikovati učno okolje za spodbujanje teh kompetenc.
Keywords: učitelji, vzgojitelji, poklicno zobraževanje
Published in DiRROS: 24.09.2025; Views: 436; Downloads: 204
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