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2. Data from : Physical constraints and environmental factors shape phloem anatomical traits in woody angiosperm speciesYan Wang, Johannes Liesche, Alan Crivellaro, Jiří Doležal, Jan Altman, Donato Chiatante, Anastazija Dimitrova, Ze-Xin Fan, Peili Fu, Félix Forest, Jožica Gričar, 2025, zaključena znanstvena zbirka raziskovalnih podatkov Povzetek: We collected main stem or branch cross-sections of 188 angiosperm woody species, which represent a wide range of climates and diverse families. Measurements of xylem vessel and phloem sieve element diameter, density, and lumen fraction were used in phylogenetic structural equation models to disentangle internal and climatic constraints on their morphological and anatomical features.
Ključne besede: adaptation, allometry, phloemsieve element, xylem vessel
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Ogledov: 216; Prenosov: 103
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3. Physical constraints and environmental factors shape phloem anatomical traits in woody angiosperm speciesYan Wang, Johannes Liesche, Alan Crivellaro, Jiří Doležal, Jan Altman, Donato Chiatante, Anastazija Dimitrova, Ze-Xin Fan, Peili Fu, Félix Forest, Jožica Gričar, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Xylem trait studies have enhanced our understanding of how plants strategically adapt their morphological and anatomical features to diverse climates. Despite the importance of the phloem in plant functioning, similar studies of phloem traits are lacking. To tackle this knowledge gap, we analyzed phloem anatomical traits of woody angiosperm species in relation to climate and the distance of samples to the stem tip. We collected main stem or branch cross-sections of 188 angiosperm woody species, which represent a wide range of climates and diverse families. Measurements of xylem vessel and phloem sieve element diameter, density, and lumen fraction were used in phylogenetic structural equation models to disentangle internal and climatic constraints on their morphological and anatomical features. Our results showed that distance-to-tip mainly affects sieve element and vessel diameter and density, while climate more strongly influenced conduit lumen fraction. Vessel size was positively correlated with temperature after correcting for the distance-to-tip, while sieve element diameter was correlated with water availability. Our results highlight the need to account for distance-to-tip when accessing anatomical variations linked to the environment, and show that sieve element traits respond to other climatic drivers than vessel traits rather than simply mirroring them.
Ključne besede: adaptation, allometry, phloemsieve element, tip-to-base conduit widening, xylem vessel
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.09.2025; Ogledov: 204; Prenosov: 98
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4. Deliverable 2.2.1. : scouting report:George Ntalos, Dimitrios Koutsianitis, Andromachi Mitani, Konstantinos Ninikas, Pinelopi Alexaki, Dimitra Dimou, Polona Hafner, Jožica Gričar, Erika Valentinčič, Goran Rodić, Saša Karalić, 2025, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Ključne besede: circular economy, sustainable materials, best practices
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.09.2025; Ogledov: 228; Prenosov: 123
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5. Deliverable 2.1.1. : scouting report:George Ntalos, Dimitrios Koutsianitis, Andromachi Mitani, Konstantinos Ninikas, Pinelopi Alexaki, Dimitra Dimou, Polona Hafner, Jožica Gričar, Erika Valentinčič, Goran Rodić, Saša Karalić, 2025, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Ključne besede: circular economy, sustainable materials, best practices
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.09.2025; Ogledov: 214; Prenosov: 111
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7. Xylem growth cessation in stems and branches of European beech and silver birch : influences of temperature and droughtLorène Julia Marchand, Jožica Gričar, Peter Prislan, Inge Dox, Melanie S. Verlinden, Omar Flores, Matteo Campioli, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: Assessing wood growth phenology over multiple years is essential for understanding the environmental drivers of forest growth and improving large-scale predictions of the carbon cycle. Xylogenesis methods facilitate the assessment of the timing and rate of xylem cell wall thickening, the primary sink of carbon in wood. In angiosperm trees, where wood anatomy is complex, significantly less is known about the factors controlling growth cessation in autumn due to indirect, sinteracting, and lag effects, in contrast to growth resumption in spring. Furthermore, both branch and stem growth must be considered to account for the total aboveground phenology. Methods: In this study, we focused on European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and silver birch (Betula pendula) in a mild temperate region (Northern Belgium). We examined the progress of cell wall thickening in autumn and the seasonal timing of xylem growth cessation for these species’ stems over five years and for their branches over one year in mature trees. In addition, we investigated the same variables in the stems and branches of potted saplings for two years and for oak (Quercus robur) and aspen (Populus tremula) saplings over one year. Results: Our results demonstrate a considerable variation in the progression and cessation of wood growth, with differences of up to a month and a half in growth cessation (early September to late October), predominantly driven by climatic variables. Early cessation of xylem growth in stems was strongly associated with high temperatures in April and August, elevated vapour pressure deficit, and severe soil drought in August. The progression of cell wall thickening in late summer was generally synchronized between branches and stems for every species. However, branches sustained a higher percentage of growth (approximately 2 weeks) in early autumn during non-drought years. Discussion: These findings provide valuable insights for refining models of forest growth and carbon storage, enabling a more comprehensive representation that encompasses the entire tree under different climatic scenarios.
Ključne besede: phenology, cambium, cell wall thickening, hardwood species, atmospheric drought
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.09.2025; Ogledov: 253; Prenosov: 120
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8. Mycelial communities associated with Ostrya carpinifolia, Quercus pubescens and Pinus nigra in a patchy Sub-Mediterranean Karst woodlandTanja Mrak, Philip Alan Brailey-Crane, Nataša Šibanc, Tijana Martinović, Jožica Gričar, Hojka Kraigher, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Common mycorrhizal networks of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi could be of great benefit to trees growing in the shallow soils of Sub-Mediterranean Karst ecosystems, potentially playing a crucial role in the survival of trees in this harsh environment. The first step to confirm the existence of such networks is to assess the extent and nature of symbiont sharing in the mycelial community. To address this question, we incubated in-growth mesh bags under the native Ostrya carpinifolia and Quercus pubescens, and the non-native Pinus nigra, over two consecutive years. In Q. pubescens and P. nigra, but not in O. carpinifolia, mycelium production was significantly higher in the year with higher spring precipitation, indicating the influence of climatic conditions, but also the identity of the host tree. We observed a complex interaction between tree species and sampling year in structuring the composition and diversity of mycelial communities. Local environmental conditions contributed additionally and were responsible for 21.46% of the community variation between samples. Although ~ 70% of fungal operational taxonomic units were shared across the studied tree species, distinct community compositions emerged, emphasizing the role of host tree specificity. Q. pubescens exhibited greater stability in EcM richness between sampling years, whereas P. nigra showed lower EcM richness, likely due to limited availability of compatible fungi and reliance on introduced fungal partners. Additionally, differences in EcM fungal exploration strategies were observed. O. carpinifolia and Q. pubescens mainly hosted non-specific EcM fungi with short distance exploration types. In contrast, EcM fungi of P. nigra had higher spatial spread, and were predominantly conifer specific. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of host specificity, soil parameters, spatial proximity, and climatic variability for the structuring of mycelial communities in fragmented forests.
Ključne besede: ectomycorrhizal fungi, mesh bags, exploration strategies, hop-hornbeam, Pubescent oak, European black pine
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.07.2025; Ogledov: 357; Prenosov: 240
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9. Značilnosti lesnih prirastkov v deblu in vejah oljke (Olea europaea L.)Jožica Gričar, Klemen Eler, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Oljka (Olea europaea L.) je gospodarsko zelo pomembna vednozelena kulturna rastlina, a je zelo malo znanega o njeni strukturi lesa v različnih delih drevesa, ki je ključna za dolgoročno preživetje drevesa. V pričujočem prispevku smo primerjali značilnosti lesnih prirastkov v deblu in vejah pri oljki v Dekanih v rastni sezoni 2016. Analizirali smo tudi prevodne elemente v lesu (traheje) v posameznih tretjinah lesnih branik. Razlike v značilnostih trahej na začetku in koncu rastne sezone ter v različnih delih drevesa smo interpretirali z vidika njihove prevajalne vloge v drevesu. V ta namen smo vzorce lesa odvzeli po zaključku rastne sezone 2016, pripravili preparate prečnih prerezov in opravili histometrične analize s pomočjo svetlobnega mikroskopa in sistema za analizo slike. Ugotovili smo, da se širine lesnih prirastkov in značilnosti trahej v deblu in vejah oljk razlikujejo. Prirastki 2016 so bili v vejah približno 54 % ožji kot v deblu, površine trahej pa od 25 % (prva tretjina) do 34 % (zadnja tretjina) manjše. Površine trahej so bile primerljive v prvi in drugi tretjini branike, medtem ko je bila v zadnji tretjini površina značilno manjša, in sicer v povprečju za 17,6 % v deblu in 25,4 % v vejah. V vseh tretjinah lesnih branik v deblu in vejah smo zabeležili negativno zvezo med povprečnimi vrednostmi površine trahej in gostoto trahej. Pri oljkah se je to odražalo v primerljivih vrednostih hidravlične prevodnosti v vseh tretjinah v deblu in vejah. Ožji prevodni elementi v vejah oljk kot posledica hormonske regulacije so v skladu z univerzalno pozitivno zvezo med velikostjo trahej in oddaljenostjo od apeksa in so povezani z večjo tenzijsko napetostjo vodnih stolpcev v trahejah vej v primerjavi z deblom. Različna struktura lesa v deblu in vejah nakazuje na različno vlogo tega tkiva v različnih delih drevesa.
Ključne besede: les, branika, difuzno-porozna vrsta, traheja, anatomija lesa, prevodnost, svetlobna mikroskopija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.07.2025; Ogledov: 294; Prenosov: 148
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10. Tree-ring formation dynamics in Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea in a dry and a wet yearRadosław Puchałka, Peter Prislan, Marcin Miroslav Klisz, M. Koprowski, Jožica Gričar, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: European beech Fagus sylvatica and Sessile oak Quercus petraea are reaching the north-eastern limits of their natural ranges in northern Poland. According to the projected changes in potential ranges in this region, climatic conditions for both species until 2080 will remain stable. On the other hand, a decrease in the vitality of mature trees and a reduction in their radial growth are currently observed. To understand these contradictory findings, we monitored the cambial activity in both species during two vegetation seasons. 2015 was characterized by a negative water balance, while 2017 was wet. This provided an opportunity to compare how the xylogenesis proceeds in diffuse-porous beech and ring-porous oak during contrasting in the summer precipitation seasons. The forming annual increments were sampled with Presler borer at variable time intervals depending on the leaf phenological phases. The cores were prepared using a sledge microtome and double-stained with safranin and astra blue. Observations of the phases of wood formation and measurements of the width of the forming increments were analysed on the microslide digital images. Differences in the dates of the phenological phases were analysed using Two-Way ANOVA, while the dynamics of the formation of annual increments were fitted to the Single and Double Gompertz function for beech and oak, respectively. The beginning of vessel formation started earlier in both seasons compared to previous studies. Inter-seasonal differences in the duration of spring phenological phases were insignificant for both species, while inter-species differences were significant due to physiological diversity between diffuse-porous beech and ring-porous oak. In dry 2015, cambial activity ceased sooner in both species than in 2017. Differences between oak and beech were insignificant in both years, but statistically significant disparities existed within each species due to varying in precipitation seasons. Rainfall significantly elongated the duration of cambial activity and caused wider tree-rings. According to our study, despite predicted maintaining their climatic niche, both species, situated at the north-eastern cooler range boundary, are expected to produce wood at a lower rate due to the projected warmer central European climate with increased heatwaves and summer droughts.
Ključne besede: climate change, meteorological extremes, wood formation, summer drought, xylogenesis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.07.2025; Ogledov: 360; Prenosov: 268
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