11. Kmetijstvo in biodiverziteta na skupni potiDanilo Bevk, Blaž Koderman, Mojca Pibernik, Mateja Colarič, 2019, druge monografije in druga zaključena dela Povzetek: Biodiverziteta (biotska pestrost) je pestrost življenja na Zemlji od bakterij in gliv do rastlin in živali. Nastala je v milijardah let razvoja življenja. Pomembna značilnost biodiverzitete je izjemna povezanost organizmov, ki sami ne bi mogli preživeti, skupaj pa sestavljajo edinstven preplet, ki odločilno vpliva na razmere na našem planetu.
Ključne besede: biodiverziteta, kmetijstvo, ekosistemske storitve, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.09.2024; Ogledov: 408; Prenosov: 649
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12. Čudovita pestrost živegaMojca Pibernik, Blaž Koderman, Danilo Bevk, 2020, druge monografije in druga zaključena dela Povzetek: Biotska pestrost (tudi biotska raznolikost, biotska raznovrstnost, biodiverziteta) je raznolikost živih bitij. Vključuje vse rastline, živali in druge organizme. Vsi organizmi so med seboj tesno povezani in se med seboj dopolnjujejo, sami pa ne bi mogli preživeti. Tudi ljudje smo kot del narave močno odvisni od biotske pestrosti, zato je pomembno, da se njenega pomena zavedo že otroci.
Ključne besede: biodiverziteta, otroci, pestrost živega, LIFE Naturaviva
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.09.2024; Ogledov: 464; Prenosov: 263
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13. Predlog načrta za hitro odzivanje ob najdbi azijskega sršena (Vespa velutina) : Projekt LIFE ARTEMIS, izdelek akcije A2Maarten De Groot, Simon Zidar, Danilo Bevk, Mojca Pibernik, Metka Pislak, Jana Kus Veenvliet, 2020, elaborat, predštudija, študija Povzetek: A proposal of a rapid response plan for the Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) was prepared in the LIFE ARTEMIS Project. The Asian hornet is an invasive alien species which is on the priority list of the IAS EU legislation 1143/2014. In the proposal the EWRR system is described for the finding and the rapid response for the asian hornet. First findings of the asian hornet will be submitted to the information system »Invazivke« or to the National Veterinary Institute (NVI). When data is checked, it will be send to the coordinating governmental body - Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO) within two days.
During the rapid response proces, two tactical meetings will be organised. First ARSO will inform The Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning (MOP) about the finding, which will send it to the European commission. On the first tactical meeting the coordinator for the rapid response actions will be determined. Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation (ZRSVN) will prepare a first survey in which the status of the population will be determined. Furthermore, all inform general public, landowners and local communities in the invaded area. Within two days to 14 days after the submission of the survey report, the second tactical meeting will be held. During this meeting the possible eradication actions will be discussed and the tasks will be divided. After that the organisation responsible for the rapid response action will prepare the final plan of eradication.
The organisation responsible for the eradication action will take action. Information on the eradication action are written in the report. After that it will be checked whether the eradication was successful. In case this was not, more eradication actions will take place. If it will be successful the area will be monitored for the coming 5 years to be sure that the species is really eradicated. All information will be send to ARSO, who will inform MOP. MOP will inform the European commission and the member states.
Ključne besede: azijski sršen, invazivni organizmi, tujerodni organizmi
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Ogledov: 388; Prenosov: 1026
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14. Poljudno poročilo rezultatov projekta : Life naturaviva, biodiverziteta - umetnost življenjaAnamarija Žagar, Blaž Koderman, Danilo Bevk, Davorin Tome, Jernej Polajnar, Maja Opalički, 2022, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: Kadar koli v družbi vznikne socialni ali naravni problem, se zbere skupina zainteresiranih ljudi, da bi ga rešili ali vsaj oblažili posledice. Z naraščanjem človeške populacije se število težav povečuje vedno hitreje. Podnebne spremembe in kriza biodiverzitete sta naravna problema, ki sta se povzpela na vrh seznama.
Vsi, ki se ukvarjajo s problemom krize biodiverzitete, slej ko prej spoznajo, da je težave bistveno lažje reševati, če jih ljudje razumejo do te mere, da so jih pripravljeni aktivno podpreti. Zato morajo biti ljudje čim bolj izobraženi in dobro obveščeni o problemih / rešitvah — eno izmed pomembnih naravovarstvenih orodij je zato tudi komuniciranje.
Mnogi v Sloveniji so zaskrbljeni zaradi krize biotske raznovrstnosti, veliko jih deluje na področju varstva narave. Manjka pa nam pobud, ki bi se osredotočale na biotsko raznovrstnost kot skupni imenovalec življenja. Vse vrste in naravni procesi znotraj ekosistemov so soodvisni, zato za biotsko raznovrstnost ne moremo skrbeti le z varovanjem določenih območij ali izbranih vrst. Ljudi je treba soočiti z nacionalno (ali celo širšo) vrednostjo biotske raznovrstnosti, če jih želimo odkrito seznaniti s problemom in pričakovati njihovo sodelovanje. Od tod potreba po projektu, ki bi zajel različne dele in ravni biotske raznovrstnosti ter jih predstavil ljudem kot enoten, neprecenljiv naravni pojav. Nekakšna sistematična predstavitev bogastva naše naravne dediščine z jasnim sporočilom, kako pomembno je, da zanjo skrbimo
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.09.2024; Ogledov: 367; Prenosov: 3274
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15. Monitoring čebel na travniku v parku Tivoli v letu 2022 : končno poročiloDanilo Bevk, Rok Šturm, Blaž Koderman, 2022, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: V Sloveniji je bilo do sedaj zabeleženih 573 vrst divjih čebel, vključujoč čmrlje in čebele samotarke. Divje čebele naseljujejo raznolike habitate, pri čemer ekstenzivni travniki igrajo pomembno vlogo pri zagotavljanju prehrane in gnezdišč za večino vrst. Čebele na cvetočih rastlinah nabirajo cvetni prah in medičino za svojo prehrano in prehrano zaroda. Pri tem opravljajo eno ključnih ekosistemskih storitev – opraševanje, tako divjih kot kmetijskih rastlin. Opraševalci so tako pomembni za ohranjanje biotske pestrosti in zagotavljanje prehranske varnosti.
Ključne besede: opraševalci, čebele, čmrlji, monitoring, park Tivoli, Ljubljana
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.09.2024; Ogledov: 363; Prenosov: 1866
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16. The state of the art of local GI implementation in the Alps : deliverable 1.3.1Danilo Bevk, Thomas Böhm, Mita Drius, Danijel Kablar, Blaž Koderman, Katharina Lautze, Mojca Pintar, Luana Silveri, 2024, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: In the last century, human population growth and industrial development have been leading to the depletion of natural resources, to ecosystem degradation and to a worrying change in the global climatic conditions. One of the most striking forms of degradation is the fragmentation of ecosystems and habitats because of land use change, which poses a serious threat to biodiversity. A fragmented ecosystem cannot provide the human population with the fundamental ecosystem services (so-called ES hereafter), such as pollination, food, air quality, carbon sequestration, flood management, water treatment, local climate regulation, soil erosion prevention and so on. As the negative impacts of fragmentation have become apparent, the importance of maintaining ecological connectivity within ecosystems and landscapes at different levels of naturalness, including between protected areas and at the rural-urban interface, has been increasingly recognised.
Ključne besede: green infrastructure, Alps, Interreg, ecosystem services
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.09.2024; Ogledov: 412; Prenosov: 1503
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17. Linking farmer and beekeeper preferences with ecological knowledge to improve crop pollinationTom D. Breeze, Virginie Boreux, Lorna J. Cole, Lynn Dicks, Alexandra-Maria Klein, Gesine Pufal, Mario V. Balzan, Danilo Bevk, Laura Bortolotti, Theodora Petanidou, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Pollination by insects is a key input into many crops, with managed honeybees often being hired to support pollination services. Despite substantial research into pollination management, no European studies have yet explored how and why farmers managed pollination services and few have explored why beekeepers use certain crops.
Using paired surveys of beekeepers and farmers in 10 European countries, this study examines beekeeper and farmer perceptions and motivations surrounding crop pollination.
Almost half of the farmers surveyed believed they had pollination service deficits in one or more of their crops.
Less than a third of farmers hired managed pollinators; however, most undertook at least one form of agri-environment management known to benefit pollinators, although few did so to promote pollinators.
Beekeepers were ambivalent towards many mass-flowering crops, with some beekeepers using crops for their honey that other beekeepers avoid because of perceived pesticide risks.
The findings highlight a number of largely overlooked knowledge gaps that will affect knowledge exchange and co-operation between the two groups.
Ključne besede: beekeeping, ecosystem services, pollination services, rural sociology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.07.2024; Ogledov: 581; Prenosov: 398
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18. A critical analysis of the potential for EU Common Agricultural Policy measures to support wild pollinators on farmlandLorna J. Cole, David Kleijn, Lynn Dicks, Jane C. Stout, Simon G. Potts, Matthias Albrecht, Mario V. Balzan, Ignasi Bartomeus, Penelope J. Bebeli, Danilo Bevk, Jacobus C. Biesmeijer, Robert Chlebo, Anželika Dautarte, Nikolaos Emmanouil, Chris Hartfield, John M. Holland, Andrea Holzschuh, Nieke T. J. Knoben, Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki, Yael Mandelik, Heleni Panou, Robert J. Paxton, Theodora Petanidou, Miguel A.A. Pinheiro de Carvalho, Maj Rundlöf, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Menelaos C. Stavrinides, Maria Jose Suso, Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi, Bernard E. Vaissière, Androulla Varnava, Vilà Montserrat, Romualdas Zemeckis, Jeroen Scheper, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Agricultural intensification and associated loss of high-quality habitats are key drivers of insect pollinator declines. With the aim of decreasing the environmental impact of agriculture, the 2014 EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) defined a set of habitat and landscape features (Ecological Focus Areas: EFAs) farmers could select from as a requirement to receive basic farm payments. To inform the post-2020 CAP, we performed a European-scale evaluation to determine how different EFA options vary in their potential to support insect pollinators under standard and pollinator-friendly management, as well as the extent of farmer uptake.
A structured Delphi elicitation process engaged 22 experts from 18 European countries to evaluate EFAs options. By considering life cycle requirements of key pollinating taxa (i.e. bumble bees, solitary bees and hoverflies), each option was evaluated for its potential to provide forage, bee nesting sites and hoverfly larval resources.
EFA options varied substantially in the resources they were perceived to provide and their effectiveness varied geographically and temporally. For example, field margins provide relatively good forage throughout the season in Southern and Eastern Europe but lacked early-season forage in Northern and Western Europe. Under standard management, no single EFA option achieved high scores across resource categories and a scarcity of late season forage was perceived.
Experts identified substantial opportunities to improve habitat quality by adopting pollinator-friendly management. Improving management alone was, however, unlikely to ensure that all pollinator resource requirements were met. Our analyses suggest that a combination of poor management, differences in the inherent pollinator habitat quality and uptake bias towards catch crops and nitrogen-fixing crops severely limit the potential of EFAs to support pollinators in European agricultural landscapes.
Policy Implications. To conserve pollinators and help protect pollination services, our expert elicitation highlights the need to create a variety of interconnected, well-managed habitats that complement each other in the resources they offer. To achieve this the Common Agricultural Policy post-2020 should take a holistic view to implementation that integrates the different delivery vehicles aimed at protecting biodiversity (e.g. enhanced conditionality, eco-schemes and agri-environment and climate measures). To improve habitat quality we recommend an effective monitoring framework with target-orientated indicators and to facilitate the spatial targeting of options collaboration between land managers should be incentivised.
Ključne besede: agri-environment schemes, bees, CAP Green Architecture, Common Agricultural Policy, Ecological Focus Areas, habitat complementarity, pollination services, pollinator conservation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.07.2024; Ogledov: 469; Prenosov: 385
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19. On-farm experiences shape farmer knowledge, perceptions of pollinators, and management practicesJulia Osterman, Patricia Landaverde-González, Michael P. D. Garratt, Megan Gee, Yael Mandelik, Aleksandra Langowska, Marcos Miñarro, Lorna J. Cole, Maxime Eeraerts, Danilo Bevk, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Mitigating pollinator declines in agriculturally dominated landscapes to safeguard pollination services requires the involvement of farmers and their willingness to adopt pollinator-friendly management. However, farmer knowledge, perceptions, and actions to support on-farm pollinators and their alignment with science-based knowledge and recommendations are rarely evaluated. To close this knowledge gap, we interviewed 560 farmers from 11 countries around the world, cultivating at least one of four widely grown pollinator-dependent crops (apple, avocado, kiwifruit, oilseed rape). We particularly focused on non-bee crop pollinators which, despite being important pollinators of many crops, received less research attention than bees. We found that farmers perceived bees to be more important pollinators than other flower-visiting insects. However, around 75% of the farmers acknowledged that non-bees contributed to the pollination of their crops, seeing them as additional pollinators rather than substitutes for bees. Despite farmers rating their own observations as being most important in how they perceived the contribution of different crop pollinator taxa, their perception aligned closely with results from available scientific studies across crops and countries. Farmer perceptions were also linked with their pollinator management practices, e.g. farmers who used managed bees for crop pollination services (more than half the farmers) rated these managed bees as particularly important. Interestingly, their willingness to establish wildflower strips or manage hedgerows to enhance pollinator visitation was linked to their ecological knowledge of non-bees or to government subsidies. Farmers adapted practices to enhance pollination services depending on the crop, which indicates an understanding of differences in the pollination ecology of crops. Almost half of the farmers had changed on-farm pollination management in the past 10 years and farm practices differed greatly between countries. This suggests integrated crop pollination measures are being adapted by farmers to reach best pollinator management practices. Our findings highlight the importance of studying local knowledge as a key to co-design locally-adapted measures to facilitate pollinator-integrated food production as ecological intensification tools.
Ključne besede: conservation, crop pollination, ecological intensification, farmer knowledge, local knowledge, survey
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 444; Prenosov: 277
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20. The pathogens spillover and incidence correlation in bumblebees and honeybees in SloveniaMetka Pislak, Ivan Toplak, Urška Zajc, Danilo Bevk, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Slovenia has a long tradition of beekeeping and a high density of honeybee colonies, but less is known about bumblebees and their pathogens. Therefore, a study was conducted to define the incidence and prevalence of pathogens in bumblebees and to determine whether there are links between infections in bumblebees and honeybees. In 2017 and 2018, clinically healthy workers of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) and honeybees (Apis mellifera) were collected on flowers at four different locations in Slovenia. In addition, bumblebee queens were also collected in 2018. Several pathogens were detected in the bumblebee workers using PCR and RT-PCR methods: 8.8% on acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), 58.5% on black queen cell virus (BQCV), 6.8% on deformed wing virus (DWV), 24.5% on sacbrood bee virus (SBV), 15.6% on Lake Sinai virus (LSV), 16.3% on Nosema bombi, 8.2% on Nosema ceranae, 15.0% on Apicystis bombi and 17.0% on Crithidia bombi. In bumblebee queens, only the presence of BQCV, A. bombi and C. bombi was detected with 73.3, 26.3 and 33.3% positive samples, respectively. This study confirmed that several pathogens are regularly detected in both bumblebees and honeybees. Further studies on the pathogen transmission routes are required.
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.07.2024; Ogledov: 452; Prenosov: 209
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