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41.
42.
Forest subsidy distribution in five European countries
Elena Haeler, Andreas Bolte, Rafael Buchacher, Harri Hänninen, R. Jandl, Artti Juutinen, Katharina Kuhlmey, Mikko Kurttila, Gun Lidestav, Raisa Mäkipää, Lydia Rosenkranz, Matevž Triplat, Urša Vilhar, Kerstin Westin, Silvio Schueler, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Forest subsidies are widely used to achieve policy objectives aimed at maintaining and supporting the provision of the various ecosystem services provided by forests. In the European Union, an important instrument is the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) within the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), but countries also have national subsidy systems. In both cases, individual countries determine which objectives they want to achieve with the subsidy schemes and which measures are supported. In this comparative study, we investigate which forest-related measures are subsidized across Europe and which forest owners, representing a very heterogeneous group, are involved in the activities of the subsidy systems. We collected data on subsidies paid out for forest-related measures from Austria, Finland, Germany, Slovenia and Sweden from the EAFRD funding period 2014–2020 for a comparison of the funded activities. Further, we analysed how subsidies were distributed among private forest owners with forest holdings of different sizes by performing G-tests to compare the observed with the expected subsidies received by forest owners in the different size categories. The results show that through the flexibility given by the CAP for countries to adjust their subsidy programmes to the specific national needs, EAFRD funds and equivalent national subsidies are indeed used for a wide range of activities instead of only a few following one common European goal. Reflecting the different needs and various forest functions, the subsidized activities range from the more ecology-oriented “investment to increase resistance and the ecological value of forests” to the more management-oriented “purchase of new machinery and new equipment for forestry operations”. In all five countries, small-scale forest owners with holdings smaller than 200 ha are the largest owner group and manage a large share of the forest area in private hands (from 47% in Austria to 97% in Slovenia). However, especially owners of the smallest holdings (< 20 ha) rarely use the funding scheme of the EAFRD framework and thus receive a disproportionately low share of subsidies. There might be several reasons for this. Small-scale forest owners are generally less involved regarding policy issues (including subsidy schemes) than owners of larger forest holdings and may not be aware of all funding opportunities. In addition, the considerable effort to apply, including project preparation, administration and documentation may be perceived as a barrier. It became clear that the current subsidy systems of the countries focus on different forest policy objectives. Our study further revealed that the documentation of subsidy distribution is partly unclear and inconsistent across countries hampering European comparisons. However, understanding current subsidy distribution is urgently needed for increasing the effectiveness of subsidy systems to achieve European policy goals of vital multifunctional forests.
Ključne besede: European agricultural fund for rural development, EAFRD, policy, incentives, multifunctional forests, small-scale forest owners, bioeconomy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 05.01.2023; Ogledov: 478; Prenosov: 296
.pdf Celotno besedilo (628,13 KB)
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43.
Mobilna paliativna enota Onkološkega inštituta Ljubljana
Maja Ebert Moltara, Marjana Bernot, Maja Ivanetič Pantar, Nena Golob, Marta Globočnik Kukovica, Slavica Lahajnar, Branka Stražišar, Iztok Potočnik, Anita Riđić, Suzana Crljenica, Aleš Krajnc, Robert Terbovšek, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Izhodišče: Del celostne obravnave bolnika z napredovalim rakom je tudi paliativna oskrba, ki bolniku in njegovim bližnjim omogoča kakovostno življenje. Paliativna oskrba se izvaja na dveh ravneh: osnovni in specializirani. Na Onkološkem inštitutu Ljubljana v okviru specializirane paliativne oskrbe izvajamo več dejavnosti: bolnišnično obravnavo bolnikov z najkompleksnejšimi težavami, ambulantno obravnavo za zgodnjo paliativno oskrbo, konziliarno (svetovalno) dejavnost in za bolnike doma telefonsko podporo ter obiske na domu. Mobilna paliativna enota je najnovejša dejavnost, ki se izvaja od septembra 2021. Metode: Analizirali smo podatke vseh bolnikov, vključenih v specializirano paliativno oskrbo med septembrom 2021, od pričetka delovanja mobilne paliativne enote, in koncem avgusta 2022. Opazovali smo starost, spol, kraj stalnega prebivališča, diagnozo ter kraj smrti in primerjali skupino bolnikov, ki so bili obravnavani v okviru specializirane paliativne oskrbe s podporo obiskov na domu, in skupino brez nje. Rezultati: Med opazovanim obdobjem je bilo v vse dejavnosti specializirane paliativne oskrbe Onkološkega inštituta vključenih 1086 bolnikov, od tega smo pri 347 bolnikih (32 % vseh) opravili 574 obiskov na domu (povprečno 1,7 obiska na bolnika (razpon 1–8)). 317 (91 %) bolnikov je imelo svoje stalno prebivališče v osrednjeslovenski regiji, 9 % obiskov je bilo izvedenih izven meja osrednjeslovenske regije. Primerjava skupin bolnikov, napotenih v specializirano paliativno oskrbo z vključitvijo mobilne paliativne enote ali brez nje, jasno kaže večji delež umrlih v domačem okolju, kadar podporo izvajamo tudi z obiski na domu (80 % v primerjavi z 62 %). Zaključek: Mobilna paliativna enota predstavlja pomemben element mreže paliativne oskrbe in zagotavlja pogostejše umiranje v domačem okolju.
Ključne besede: paliativna oskrba, umiranje, mobilna paliativna enota, onkologija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.12.2022; Ogledov: 437; Prenosov: 118
.pdf Celotno besedilo (312,81 KB)

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Preliminary chemical and mineralogical characterization of tailings from base metal sulfide deposits in Serbia and North Macedonia
Timotheus Martin Christoph Steiner, Viktor Bertrandsson Erlandsson, Robert Šajn, Frank Melcher, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Tailings of old mines often contain metals, which were not of economic interest or could not be recovered with the existing technology at the time of active mining. This is especially true for metals that often occur as by-products in Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag-Au) ores as Sb, Mo, Ge, and In. A fundamental characterization of some tailings is presented in terms of their mineralogy and content of valuable metals which could be extracted to finance a possible remediation and improve the supply of the EU with critical metals. Tailings from active and abandoned mines in Serbia (Bor, porphyry Cu/Au; Krivelj, porphyry Cu/Au; Blagodat, hydrothermal Pb-Zn; Lece, epithermal Au; Rudnik, hydrothermal/skarn Pb-Zn) and North Macedonia (Sasa, Pb-Zn; Probištip, Pb-Zn; Bučim, porphyry Cu; Lojane, fault-bound vein-type low-temperature As, Sb, Cr at the contact of rhyolite and serpentinite) were studied. Analysis for major and trace elements used a multi-method approach (lithium borate fusion and ICP-MS/OES analysis, gravimetric analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis, total digestion ICP-OES, infrared spectroscopy) with mineral identification by scanning electron microscopy. Concentrations of the major commodity elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag) varies within several orders of magnitude depending on mineralogy and ore type. Critical metals (Co, Ga, Ge, Sb) contents are low with some exceptions. Some tailings contain moderate to elevated potentially toxic element levels (As, Cd, Pb, Tl). For the sample from Probištip which yielded the highest valuable metal concentrations (>5000 ppm Pb, 4020 ppm Zn), a heavy mineral concentrate of the sand size fraction (0.06 mm to 0.5 mm) was produced and analyzed by SEM and LA-ICP-MS for additional rare phases and trace elements. In all tailings studied, additional milling would be needed to separate ore from gangue minerals. Increasing metal prices might facilitate feasibility studies for some of the localities in the future, despite the limited quantitative information about the characterized tailings.
Ključne besede: rudniški odpadki, kemija, mineralogija, rudna nahajališča, sulfidi
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.11.2022; Ogledov: 526; Prenosov: 154
.pdf Celotno besedilo (4,76 MB)

45.
Tree rings, wood density and climate–growth relationships of four Douglas-fir provenances in sub-Mediterranean Slovenia
Luka Krajnc, Jožica Gričar, Jernej Jevšenak, Polona Hafner, Robert Brus, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Tree rings, wood density and the climate–growth relationship of four Douglas-fir provenances were analysed separately for the juvenile and adult phases. Four provenances were selected from an existing IUFRO provenance trial planted in 1971 based on their diameter at breast height and vitality. Increment cores were extracted from individual trees, on which we measured tree-ring widths (RW), earlywood widths (EWW) and latewood widths (LWW). Wood density was assessed in standing trees using resistance drilling. The climate–growth correlations were calculated between provenance chronologies of RW, EWW, LWW and latewood share, and the day-wise aggregated Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The analysis was done separately for the juvenile and mature phases of growth. Provenances 1064 (Jefferson) and 1080 (Yelm) exhibited larger annual radial increments than provenances 1028 (Merrit) and 1089 (Cathlamet). The two provenances with the highest annual radial increment in the juvenile phase did not exhibit the same trend in the adult phase. In all provenances, RW, and consequently EWW and LWW, were wider in the juvenile than in adult phase. The share of latewood was in all cases higher in juvenile wood than in mature wood. All four provenances had similar wood densities in both analyzed growth phases. Our analysis showed that when selecting the most promising provenance for planting, possible changes in relative growth rate from the juvenile to adult phase need to be considered.
Ključne besede: Pseudotsuga menziesii, SPEI, juvenile phase, adult phase, latewood share, resistance drilling
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.11.2022; Ogledov: 451; Prenosov: 140
.pdf Celotno besedilo (3,07 MB)
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46.
The primary and secondary mineral resources of Montenegro and their mapping into the European data model
Slobodan Radusinović, Robert Šajn, Božica Jovanović, Duška Rokavec, Katarina Hribernik, Vasilije Abramović, Matej Draksler, Ivan Danilović, Mia Jovanović, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Primary and secondary mineral resources are of strategic importance to the EU economy. Montenegro, as a country candidate for membership in the EU, is required to follow (and later to implement) European policies, strategies as well as initiatives, including those related to mineral resources and the mining sector. The importance of providing access to mineral raw materials in the future is recognized by the EU, as well as meeting the needs of European industry, maintaining employment and ensuring further development. Considering the overall economic situation in Montenegro, it is important to encourge the mining sector and other industries based on the use of mineral resources in making a greater contribution to the development and sustainability of society as a whole and also increase the share of national GDP. The potential for discovery and utilization of primary and secondary mineral resources in Montenegro is demonstrated. The most important metallic mineral resources are bauxite, lead and zinc, while conventional energy resources include coal (oil and gas potential has yet to be proven). In addition, there are abundant non-metallic mineral raw materials - industrial minerals and construction materials. Secondary mineral resources, especially aluminous red mud (bauxite residue), are also significant and have been the subject of research in recent years. Tailings from flotation processes at operating and abandoned lead and zinc mines might also be of interest for metal recovery. Bottom and flay ash from thermal power plants, slag from steel production, as well as marlstone and limestone from the hanging wall of coal deposits may also have potential. Waste rocks could be used particularly for secondary aggregate production. A database was developed and the most important deposits of primary and secondary mineral resources in Montenegro were mapped during the RESEERVE project. Mineral data were harmonised so as to be INSPIRE compliant. In addition, some novel geochemical exploration results of secondary mineral resources are presented.
Ključne besede: primary and secondary mineral resources, Montenegro, RESEERVE project, European geological data platform (EGDI), INSPIRE
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.11.2022; Ogledov: 415; Prenosov: 162
.pdf Celotno besedilo (8,52 MB)

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Zakonodaja in pravni okviri gojenja tujerodnih drevesnih vrst v gozdovih Slovenije
Pia Caroline Adamič, Robert Brus, Kristjan Jarni, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Namen raziskave je bil pregled zakonodaje in pravnih okvirjev gojenja tujerodnih drevesnih vrst v slovenskih gozdovih. Na ravni Evropske unije je za uvedbo, uporabo in gospodarjenje s tujerodnimi drevesi pomembnih več pravnih instrumentov, npr. Direktiva Sveta o trženju gozdnega reprodukcijskega materiala, Habitatna direktiva, Uredba o preprečevanju in obvladovanju vnosa in širjenja invazivnih tujerodnih vrst. V slovenski zakonodaji področje njihovega vnosa in potencialnega vpliva ureja predvsem Zakon o ohranjanju narave, pomembni pa so še Uredba o posebnih varstvenih območjih (območjih Natura 2000), Zakon o gozdovih, Zakon o gozdnem reprodukcijskem materialu, Pravilnik o določitvi provenienčnih območij, Uredba o zavarovanih prosto živečih rastlinskih vrstah. Iz pravnih aktov izhaja, da za opravljanje gozdarske dejavnosti gojenje tujerodnih dreves v Sloveniji ni prepovedano, doselitev tujerodnih vrst je načeloma dovoljena, za vnos novih tujerodnih vrst pa je potreben ustrezen postopek, ki vključuje presojo vplivov na okolje, odobri pa ga pristojni minister. Slovenska zakonodaja tako ponuja možnosti za gojenje določenih tujerodnih drevesnih vrst, ki bi lahko bile zaradi boljše odpornosti proti biotskim in abiotskim dejavnikom ključne pri prilagajanju gozdov na podnebne spremembe, hkrati pa so zaradi hitre rasti in kakovostnega lesa gospodarsko zanimive.
Ključne besede: tujerodne drevesne vrste, zakonodaja, gozdni nasadi, gojenja tujerodnih vrst
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.10.2022; Ogledov: 1480; Prenosov: 658
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,88 MB)

50.
Common preferences of European small-scale forest owners towards contract-based management
Artti Juutinen, Elena Haeler, R. Jandl, Katharina Kuhlmey, Mikko Kurttila, Raisa Mäkipää, Tähti Pohjanmies, Lydia Rosenkranz, Mitja Skudnik, Matevž Triplat, Anne Tolvanen, Urša Vilhar, Kerstin Westin, Silvio Schueler, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: The societal demands on forest management are becoming increasingly diverse, which will be reflected in decisions made by forest owners. We examined the willingness of private forest owners in Austria, Finland, Germany, Slovenia, and Sweden to participate in a contract-based payment scheme in which they were asked to apply a specific management strategy to promote either timber production or environmental goals. The preferences for the contract-based management and associated consequences in terms of profitability, biodiversity, carbon stock, and climate change-induced damages were addressed within a choice experiment. A majority of respondents across all countries agreed to participate in a payment scheme to promote environmental goals, while schemes purely targeted to increase wood production were found less attractive. Forest owners liked improvements in profitability and environmental attributes and disliked deterioration of these attributes. Differences among countries were found in the level of expected contract payments, and commonalities were found with respect to preferences towards environmental goals, including biodiversity and carbon stocks. Hence, new policies to target European forest subsidy to promote the provision of environmental goals would likely be acceptable.
Ključne besede: choice experiment, ecosystem services, forest policy, incentives, private forest owners
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.09.2022; Ogledov: 479; Prenosov: 257
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,24 MB)
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