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Abstract: Using a unique 8-year data set (2010–2017) of phloem data, we studied the effect of temperature and precipitation on the phloem anatomy (conduit area, widths of ring, early and late phloem) and xylem-ring width in two coexisting temperate tree species, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, from three contrasting European temperate forest sites. Histometric analyses were performed on microcores taken from tree stems in autumn. We found high interannual variability and sensitivity of phloem anatomy and xylem-ring widths to precipitation and temperature; however, the responses were species- and site-specific. The contrasting response of xylem and phloem-ring widths of the same tree species to weather conditions was found at the two Slovenian sites generally well supplied with precipitation, while at the driest Czech site, the influence of weather factors on xylem and phloem ring widths was synchronised. Since widths of mean annual xylem and phloem increments were narrowest at the Czech site, this site is suggested to be most restrictive for the radial growth of both species. By influencing the seasonal patterns of xylem and phloem development, water availability appears to be the most important determinant of tissue- and species-specific responses to local weather conditions.
Keywords: wood anatomy, early phloem, European beech, late phloem, Norway spruce, sieve element area, xylem-ring width
Published in DiRROS: 19.01.2024; Views: 669; Downloads: 388
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Abstract: Na Ljubljanskem Barju v Sloveniji smo opravili dendrokronološke raziskave lesa iz eneolitskega koliščarske naselbine Parte-Iščica. Iz struge reke Iščice smo odvzeli vzorce 1237 kolov iz lesa jesena (Fraxinus sp.), jelše (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.), bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.), jelke (Abies alba Mill.), javorja (Acer sp.), breze (Betula sp.), leske (Corylus sp.), belega gabra (Carpinus betulus L.), topola (Populus sp.), hrasta (Quercus sp.), vrbe (Salixsp.) in bresta (Ulmus sp.). Prevladovali so vzorci jesena, jelše in bukve s 70 %, 9 % in 7 %. Dendrokronološke analize smo opravili na jesenovih, bukovih, hrastovih in jelovih kolih, ki so imeli nad 45 branik. Na osnovi 285 relativno datiranih vzorcev smo sestavili dve jesenovi in eno bukovo kronologijo, dolžin 136, 113 in 105 let. Večje količine lesa, posekanega v istem koledarskem letu, nakazujejo potek gradbenih aktivnosti na kolišču. Po prvih rezultatih radiokarbonskega datiranja uvrščamo koliščarsko naselbino v prvo polovico tretjega tisočletja pred našim štetjem.
Keywords: arheologija mokrih tal, datiranje, dendrokronologija, arheološki les, kolišča, mlajša kamena doba, bakrena doba, Ljubljansko barje, jesen (drevo), bukev, Slovenija
Published in DiRROS: 03.11.2021; Views: 2792; Downloads: 1570
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Abstract: Climate change will affect radial growth patterns of trees, which will result in different forest productivity, wood properties, and timber quality. While many studies have been published on xylem phenology and anatomy lately, little is known about the phenology of earlywood and latewood formation, also in relation to cambial phenology. Even less information is available for phloem. Here, we examined year-to-year variability of the transition dates from earlywood to latewood and from early phloem to late phloem in Norway spruce (Picea abies) from three temperate sites, two in Slovenia and one in the Czech Republic. Data on xylem and phloem formation were collected during 2009-2011. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the specific contribution of growth rate and duration on wood and phloem production, separately for early and late formed parts. We found significant differences in the transition date from earlywood to latewood between the selected sites, but not between growth seasons in trees from the same site. It occurred in the first week of July at PAN and MEN and more than two weeks later at RAJ. The duration of earlywood formation was longer than that of latewood formation; from 31.4 days at PAN to 61.3 days at RAJ. In phloem, we found differences in transition date from early phloem to late phloem also between the analysed growth seasons; from 2.5 weeks at PAN to 4 weeks at RAJ Compared to the transition from earlywood to latewood the transition from early phloem to late phloem occurred 25-64 days earlier. There was no significant relationship between the onset of cambial cell production and the transition dates. The findings are important to better understand the inter-annual variability of these phenological events in spruce from three contrasting temperate sites, and how it is reflected in xylem and phloem anatomy.
Keywords: Picea abies, xylem formation, phloem formation, cambium, tracheid, sieve cell, conifer, temperate environment
Published in DiRROS: 22.03.2021; Views: 1555; Downloads: 1121
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Keywords: bukev, Fagus sylvatica L., nastanek lesa, svetlobna mikroskopija, UV mikrospektrofotometrija, transmisijska elektronska mikroskopija
Published in DiRROS: 17.11.2020; Views: 1933; Downloads: 594
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Abstract: Severe droughts have the potential to reduce forest productivity and trigger tree mortality. Most trees face several drought events during their life and therefore resilience to dry conditions might be crucial to long-term survival. We assess how growth resilience to severe droughts, including its components resistance and recovery, is related to the ability to survive future droughts by using a tree-ring database of surviving and now-dead trees from 118 sites (22 species, >3,500 trees). We find that, across the variety of regions and species sampled, trees that died during water shortages were less resilient to previous non-lethal droughts, relative to coexisting surviving trees of the same species. In angiosperms, drought-related mortality risk is associated with lower resistance (low capacity to reduce impact of the initial drought), while it is related to reduced recovery (low capacity to attain pre-drought growth rates) in gymnosperms. The different resilience strategies in these two taxonomic groups open new avenues to improve our understanding and prediction of drought-induced mortality. Resilience to drought is crucial for tree survival under climate change. Here, DeSoto et al. show that trees that died during drought were less resilient to previous dry events compared to surviving conspecifics, but the resilience strategies differ between angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Keywords: trees, mortality, gymnosperms, angiosperms, drought, resilience, resistance, recovery
Published in DiRROS: 20.02.2020; Views: 2225; Downloads: 1345
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