1. Trends and determinants of C virus infection among people living with HIV in Slovenia : a nationwide study, 1986–2024Maja M. Lunar, Katja Seme, Mario Poljak, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: ntroduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) share transmission routes and cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Three previous nationwide studies reported a low prevalence of HCV infection among Slovenian people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: Data were collected de novo from 526 PLWH newly diagnosed with HIV in Slovenia between January 1st, 2014, and December 31st, 2024, and combined with data from previous studies on this topic. Results: Altogether 1,085 (93%) PLWH were tested for HCV at HIV diagnosis: 82 (7.6%) had anti-HCV antibodies (49 or 59.8% of them viremic), and three had HCV RNA only, resulting in an HCV prevalence of 7.8%. A significant increase in the prevalence of HCV infection has been observed over the last decade. HCV infection was significantly associated with female sex, foreign nationality, parenteral HIV transmission route, and non-B HIV subtype. The most frequent HCV genotypes were 1 (60%), 3 (22%), and 4 (16%), markedly different than previously found in the general population. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of HCV infection among PLWH in Slovenia remains low, but a significant increase has been observed in the last decade compared to the previous one. Such a situation requires further regular and tight monitoring to allow timely interventions if and when needed.
Ključne besede: HIV, hepatitis C, prevalence, Slovenia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.07.2026; Ogledov: 127; Prenosov: 88
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2. Giant cutaneous melanoma presenting with hemorrhagic complicationsKlemen Lovšin, Ana Plesničar, Romi Cencelj-Arnež, Alenka Matjašič, Boštjan Luzar, 2026, drugi znanstveni članki Povzetek: Giant cutaneous melanoma is a rare presentation characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a 45-year-old male presenting with an acute life-threatening hemorrhage from a giant melanoma on his right thigh. The tumor, measuring 90 × 50 × 85 mm, was immediately excised under local anesthesia to achieve hemostasis. The patient exhibited acute anemia and required postoperative blood transfusion. Histopathological analysis confirmed superficial spreading melanoma with a Breslow thickness of 85.0 mm and extensive ulceration. Genetic testing identified critical mutations, including BRAFV600D and alterations involving the ARID2, CDKN2A/B, AKT3, PTEN, and HRAS genes. Remarkably, no metastatic disease was detected upon thorough diagnostic evaluation. The patient received adjuvant immunotherapy with programmed cell death-1 inhibitors. Six months after the procedure, he remains free of metastasis. This case underscores the urgent need for timely recognition and intervention in giant melanoma with acute complications. It also highlights the effectiveness of modern adjuvant therapies in improving prognosis.
Ključne besede: dermatologic surgery, dermatopathology, melanoma, skin cancer
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.07.2026; Ogledov: 94; Prenosov: 77
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3. A case report of lymphomatoid papulosis : uncovering a rare diagnosis from a common finger ulcerGökçe Işıl Kurmuş, Hanife Karataş, Elif Kaya Güler, Ali Cinar, Selda Pelin Kartal, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Povzetek: Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare, chronic CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by recurrent, selfhealing papulonodular lesions. Despite its benign clinical course, LyP histologically resembles malignant lymphomas, necessitating careful differentiation. A 42-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of recurring ulcerated papulonodular lesions on her index finger. Histopathological examination revealed atypical CD30+ lymphoid proliferation, confirming LyP type A. Immunohistochemical analysis was positive for CD2, CD4, CD30, and multiple myeloma oncogene 1, while systemic malignancy was excluded. The patient was treated with low-dose methotrexate (15 mg/week), leading to symptom improvement. LyP is classified into five histological subtypes (A–E) and is often misdiagnosed due to its overlap with inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. While the condition typically resolves spontaneously, it is associated with an increased risk of secondary lymphomas, including mycosis fungoides and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, histopathological evaluation, and immunophenotyping. Awareness of LyP’s clinical and pathological features is essential for appropriate management and surveillance.
Ključne besede: lymphomatoid papulosis, CD30+, lymphoproliferative disorders, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, dermatopathology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 212; Prenosov: 147
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4. Oral lichen planus : key features of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and managementAna Glavina, Lucija Zanze, Ema Barac, Bruno Špiljak, Duje Čulina, Liborija Lugović-Mihić, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. It is assumed that a genetic predisposition contributes to the development of the disease and influences the patient’s response to various etiological factors such as autoimmune reactions to epithelial antigens, microorganisms, and stress. Immunopathogenesis is primarily driven by cellmediated immune mechanisms, with T lymphocytes playing a central role. The clinical presentation of OLP is varied, and multiple clinical forms can occur in the same patient. OLP is categorized into six clinical types: reticular, papular, and plaque-like (hyperkeratotic variants), and atrophic, erosive, and bullous (erosive variants). The histopathological diagnosis of OLP is unique. Continuous follow-up of patients is crucial because OLP is considered an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). Reported rates of malignant transformation vary, with a pooled estimate of 1.43% for OLP and 5.13% for OLP with dysplasia. Patient education plays a crucial role in treatment initiation and planning. A personalized treatment approach focuses on controlling inflammation and relieving symptoms such as pain and burning. Treatment should be individualized according to disease severity, subtype, and patient response, with constant monitoring for possible malignant transformation and comorbidities.
Ključne besede: etiopathogenesis, clinical features, malignant transformation, oral lichen planus, treatment
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 190; Prenosov: 147
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5. Detection of serum and tissue levels of interleukin 39 in psoriasis : a case control studyMohammed Hassan, Talal A. Abd El-Raheem, Olfat G. Shake, Hagar Ali Kamal, Sara M. Yaseen, Amira E. Soliman, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder with a genetic component that primarily affects the skin and has potential systemic involvement. Advances in understanding the interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems have facilitated improved disease management. Methods: This study included 25 patients with psoriasis and 20 healthy controls of both sexes. All participants underwent detailed medical history-taking and dermatological examination, including assessment of the body surface area and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Blood samples (3 ml) were collected from all subjects, and 4 mm lesional skin punch biopsies were obtained from psoriatic patients and healthy controls. Results: Serum and tissue levels of interleukin 39 (IL-39) were significantly elevated in psoriatic patients compared to healthy individuals. Patients with a positive family history of psoriasis showed higher serum IL-39 levels than those without such a history. In addition, psoriatic individuals with diabetes mellitus or hypertension had higher serum IL-39 levels than those without these comorbidities. A statistically significant correlation was found between disease severity and serum IL-39 concentration. Conclusions: Elevated serum and tissue IL-39 levels in psoriatic patients suggest a potential role for IL-39 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, highlighting its possible utility as a biomarker or therapeutic target.
Ključne besede: psoriasis, cytokines, autoimmune disease, IL-39, ELISA
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 180; Prenosov: 121
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6. Unraveling the role of IL-17 in lichen planus : a comparative investigation of clinical variability and immunopathogenic pathwaysMaja Tolušić Levak, Mirta Pauzar, Vera Plužarić, Nika Francesch, Biljana Pauzar, Jasmina Rajc, Marija Delaš Aždajić, Martina Mihalj, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic T cell–mediated inflammatory disease affecting the skin and mucosa. Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in LP pathogenesis, but its tissue-level expression across clinical variants remains underexplored. This study compares IL-17 expression in healthy skin and LP lesions and assesses variations based on clinical presentation. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study included 20 LP skin samples and 10 healthy controls. The sample collection spanned a period of 10 years. IL-17 expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry and quantified using a modified Q score. Samples were categorized by mucosal involvement and lesion distribution. Statistical analysis was performed with the MannWhitney U test. Results: IL-17 was absent in healthy skin but present in all LP samples. IL-17 expression was significantly higher in patients with both skin and oral mucosal involvement compared to those with cutaneous LP (p = 0.003). No significant difference was observed between generalized and localized LP. Conclusions: The results indicate a distinct increase in IL-17 expression in LP lesions, particularly with mucosal involvement, supporting its role in LP pathogenesis. These findings suggest IL-17 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target, warranting further investigation in larger cohorts.
Ključne besede: inflammatory dermatoses, lichen planus, interleukin-17, immunoexpression
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 199; Prenosov: 144
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7. Pbserum Specific Acne Scars® : a cutting-edge approach utilizing triple enzymatic synergy combined with microneedling for post-acne scar repairMelania Batistella, Erick Santaella, Sandra Oliveira, Claudia Maan, Valeria Kopytina, Jorge López Berroa, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: The integration of active ingredients into scientifically backed formulations is an innovative approach to remodeling post-acne atrophic scars, stimulating regenerative processes. Microneedling, a minimally invasive procedure, promotes collagen production and enhances skin penetration of cosmeceutical products such as Pbserum Specific Acne Scars®, which combines collagenases G and H with hyaluronate r-lyase and other ingredients, including allantoin, zinc sulfate, vitamin A, vitamin B3, niacinamide, and melatonin. These components modulate inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and aging. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of treatment for ameliorating atrophic acne scars. Methods: Twenty-nine patients were treated with Pbserum Specific Acne Scars® applied by microneedling for 4 months in four sessions on the middle or lower third of the face and/or periocular area. The scar size (according to EvaFace® analysis), deep skin hydration (measured with a Moisturemeter® D device), severity (assessed using the échelle d’évaluation clinique des cicatrices d’acne and Goodman and Baron scales), clinical efficacy (evaluated using Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale), quality of life (measured using Facial Acne Scar Quality of Life questionnaire), and subject satisfaction were analyzed. Results: Significant improvements were observed in all parameters evaluated, especially after four applications, demonstrating clinical efficacy. Patient satisfaction levels were notably high. Conclusions: The treatment significantly improved skin texture and scar appearance after four applications over a period of 4 months.
Ključne besede: post-acne atrophic scars, collagenase, lyase, microneedling
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 172; Prenosov: 151
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8. Epidemiology of melanoma in Nikšić, Montenegro’s largest municipalityAna Popović, Milica Đurović Bojić, Miloš Bojić, Tanja Pješčić, Milena Ražnatović Đurović, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: Melanoma can affect individuals of all ages, and its incidence is increasing among younger populations. Dermoscopy units are highly effective in reducing the number of benign lesions excised in high-risk patients. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of melanoma following dermoscopic examinations, the reasons for patient visits, the presence of social inequalities, and the characteristics of confirmed melanoma, including size and localization. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of patients examined at the Dermoscopy Unit of the Department of Dermatology at Nikšić General Hospital in Nikšić, Montenegro, from 2017 to 2022 using manual dermoscopy examination. Results: The study comprised 125 patients (74 male and 51 female). The main reasons for dermoscopic examinations were a personal history of atypical nevi and the presence of more than 100 melanocytic nevi. The mean thickness of melanoma in patients younger than 45 years was 0.96 mm, in patients 46 to 65 years old it was 1.08 mm, and in patients over 66 it was 1.38 mm. A statistically significant difference in melanoma localization was observed between sexes: in male patients melanoma occurred significantly more often on the trunk, whereas in female patients it was more frequent on the lower legs. Conclusions: Dermoscopy enhances diagnostic accuracy for skin lesions, benefiting both dermatologists and primary care providers. Effective melanoma prevention strategies include practicing sun protection, performing monthly self-examinations for new or changing moles and birthmarks, and attending regular medical checkups.
Ključne besede: dermoscopy, melanoma, incidence, localization, epidemiology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 175; Prenosov: 130
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9. Efficacy of overnight leave-on sandwich therapy with 5% cysteamine and ectoine cream compared to hydroquinone 4% cream for treatment of melasma : a double-blind randomized controlled trialArie Kusumawardani, Alamanda Murasmita, Ervina Rosmarwat, Lilik Norawati Ashadi, Silvia V. Setiawan, Suzana Nikolovska, Sinta Murlistyarini, Nurrahma Wahyu Fitriyani, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: Melasma is a common hypermelanosis presenting as dark patches on sun-exposed skin. Its treatment remains challenging due to slow response, especially in chronic cases. This study compares the efficacy of 5% cysteamine with ectoine cream versus 4% hydroquinone with ectoine cream in treating melasma. Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted from January to March 2024 across three centers in Indonesia: Dr. Moewardi Hospital (Surakarta), Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital (Jakarta), and Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital (Malang). Participants were randomly assigned to Group A (5% cysteamine + ectoine) or Group B (4% hydroquinone + ectoine). Efficacy was evaluated using the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) and the JANUS-I skin analyzer. Quality of life was assessed using Melasma Quality of Life Scale (MELASQoL) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires. Results: Both groups demonstrated reduced mMASI and JANUS-I scores, with slightly greater improvement in Group A, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Quality of living also improved in both groups, with no significant difference between them (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both treatment regimens effectively improved melasma pigmentation and QoL. Either 5% cysteamine with ectoine or 4% hydroquinone with ectoine can be considered viable treatment options for melasma.
Ključne besede: cysteamine, hydroquinone, therapeutic, quality of life, melasma
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 235; Prenosov: 162
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10. Successful treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts with pulsed dye laserRebeka Vukovska, Nebojsha Peshikj, Silvija Duma, Hristina Breshkovska, Ivana Dohcheva Karajovanov, Suzana Nikolovska, Elena Mircevska Arsovska, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Povzetek: Introduction: Plantar warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) are often resistant to standard treatments, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy has emerged as a promising alternative for refractory cases. Methods: Four patients (three males, one female; ages 15 to 45) with recalcitrant plantar warts unresponsive to cryotherapy, curettage, and topical agents were treated with PDL. Each underwent three sessions spaced 3 weeks apart, using a fluence of 13.50 J/ cm² and a pulse duration of 1.5 ms. Outcomes assessed included lesion resolution, recurrence rates, and adverse effects. Results: All patients achieved complete wart resolution after three PDL sessions. By the second session, vascular coagulation was evident, leading to significant lesion reduction. No adverse effects such as scarring or pigmentation changes were reported, and no recurrences were observed during a 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: Among laser therapies, PDL demonstrates excellent outcomes with minimal adverse effects in treating refractory plantar warts. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings in larger populations.
Ključne besede: human papillomavirus, treatment, plantar warts, pulsed dye laser, refractory warts
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.06.2026; Ogledov: 185; Prenosov: 145
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