1. Biorafinerijski potencial manjvrednega lesa rdečega bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) in robinije (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) za pridobivanje naravnih bioaktivnih učinkovin za zaščito lesaViljem Vek, Ida Poljanšek, Urša Osolnik, Peter Hrovatič, Angela Balzano, Miha Humar, Primož Oven, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: S prispevkom želimo predstaviti glavne rezultate in povzetek znanstvenih dognanj, do katerih smo prišli z dvema nacionalnima podoktorskima projektoma ob podpori takratnega Ministrstva za izobraževanje, znanost in šport Republike Slovenije (MIZŠ) ter Javne agencije za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost Republike Slovenije (ARIS). Analizirali smo biorafinerijski potencial manjvrednega lesa rdečega bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) in robinije (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) za ekstrakcijo naravnih bioaktivnih spojin. Les grč in jedrovine smo uporabili kot biomaso za ekstrakcijo polifenolnih ekstraktivov, ki smo jih nato uporabili v naravno osnovanih pripravkih za zaščito lesa. Rezultati so pokazali, da hidrofilni ekstraktivi grč bora in jedrovine robinije zavirajo glivni razkroj lesa in imajo velik potencial kot biocidne komponente in antioksidanti v naravno osnovanih zaščitnih pripravkih. Nadaljnje raziskave antioksidativnih in protiglivnih lastnosti ekstraktivov lesa in skorje so v teku.
Ključne besede: robinija, rdeči bor, grče, les, manjvredna drevesna biomasa, ekstrakcija, polifenoli, naravni fungicidi in antioksidanti, biorafinerija, krožno biogospodarstvo
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.07.2025; Ogledov: 92; Prenosov: 31
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2. Leseni daljnovodni drogovi – analiza vzrokov za prezgodnji razkroj na območju SlovenijeMiha Humar, Boštjan Lesar, Nace Kregar, Simon Drnovšek, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Študija se osredotoča na analizo vzrokov za prezgodnji propad lesenih daljnovodnih drogov v severovzhodni Sloveniji, kjer je bilo zabeleženih več primerov hitrega glivnega razkroja drogov, kljub načrtovani življenjski dobi 30 do 50 let. Drogovi so bili izdelani iz lesa rdečega bora in impregnirani z baker-etanolaminskim biocidnim proizvodom. Namen raziskave je bil oceniti stanje stoječih drogov in preučiti ključne vzroke za njihovo prezgodnjo degradacijo na primeru dveh podrtih drogov. Uporabljene metode vključujejo uporabo rezistografa za določanje razkrojenosti lesa po preseku, izolacija izvrtkov za določanje penetracije in retencije. Poleg tega je bila opravljena mikroskopska in hiperspektralna analiza na vzorcih lesa za natančno karakterizacijo razkroja. Rezultati so pokazali, da je bila impregnacija lesa večinoma nezadostna, kar je vodilo v razširjen razkroj, zlasti na območjih, kjer je v les prodrlo premalo biocidnega proizvoda oziroma ni bila prepojena celotna beljava borovih drogov. Pospešen propad drogov je posledica delovanja gliv rjave trohnobe. Raziskava poudarja potrebo po izboljšani impregnaciji in rednem nadzoru drogov za zagotavljanje njihove življenjske dobe in s tem povezano zanesljivostjo oskrbe z električno energijo.
Ključne besede: daljnovodni drogovi, impregnacija, bakrovi biocidni proizvodi, glivni razkroj, rezistograf, penetracija, retencija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.07.2025; Ogledov: 102; Prenosov: 54
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3. Leaf mine types and associated parasitism in the invasive tree insect pest Macrosaccus Robiniella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) : a case study from slovenia and croatiaNatalia I. Kirichenko, Stanislav Gomboc, Oksana V. Kosheleva, Dinka Matošević, Barbara Piškur, Maarten De Groot, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Since its first documentation on the European continent in 1983, the invasive micromoth Macrosaccus robiniella (Clemens, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was known only for its lower-side blotch mines occupying one of the leaflet halves (common mine type, hereafter mine type 1). In 2023, in abundant populations of M. robiniella in forest areas of Slovenia and Croatia (with more than 50% of leaves damaged), we observed that, in addition to the common mine, this invasive species is capable of forming three other mine types. One (type 2) resembles the common mine type by occupying one half of a leaflet, but the mine is situated on the upper side of the leaf. The two other mine types differ from the common mine in both appearance and position on the leaflet. These include a blotch above the midrib on the upper side of the leaflet (type 3) and a narrow blotch at the edge, causing strong downward folding (type 4). The mines of types 3 and 4 resemble the damage caused by two North American black locust herbivores that are also invasive to Europe: the gracillariid Parectopa robiniella Clemens, 1863 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and the gall midge Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman, 1847) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), respectively. In the studied localities, the relative abundance of mine types 3 and 4 was about four times higher than that of mine type 1. The parasitism rate in these mines was 6.5 times lower compared to that in mine type 1. No statistical difference was found in the parasitism rate between mine types 3 and 4. We discuss how the leaf-mining behaviour of M. robiniella may provide an enemy-free space, conferring a survival advantage and supporting a high population density in forested areas.
Ključne besede: locust leaf-miner, biological invasion, leaf-mining behaviour, parasitoid attacks, Europe
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.06.2025; Ogledov: 103; Prenosov: 46
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4. First record of the non-native Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford) and further findings of other Xyleborini (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) recently recorded in SloveniaTine Hauptman, Luka Capuder, Zina Devetak, Maarten De Groot, Massimo Faccoli, Barbara Piškur, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Ambrosia beetles of the subfamily Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) have successfully invaded many parts of the world and are increasingly being introduced to new areas, primarily through international trade. The number of non-native species recorded in Slovenia is also increasing. During the national survey of quarantine species in 2024, a new non-native scolytine beetle, Cnestus mutilatus, was recorded for the first time in Slovenia. Two specimens were trapped at Radmožanci, a location in northeastern Slovenia. New data on two other species recently recorded in Slovenia, Anisandrus maiche and Xylosandrus compactus, are also presented.
Ključne besede: ambrosia beetles, biological invasions, forest, invasive alien species, trapping
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.06.2025; Ogledov: 107; Prenosov: 50
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5. Participatory mapping of the forest community stakeholders in Europe focusing on forest genetic resources, forest reproductive material, and protected forestsTodora Rogelja, Laura Secco, François Lefèvre, Egbert Beuker, Marjana Westergren, Bruno Fady, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Tor Myking, Luc E. Paques, Christian Rellstab, Anže Japelj, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The genetic diversity of forest trees, as provided by Forest Genetic Resources (FGR) and being the basis for the production of Forest Reproductive Material (FRM), is fundamental for maintaining forest resilience, adaptability, health, productivity, and biological diversity. Despite their importance, stakeholder governance of genetic diversity remains under-studied. This study aims to address this gap by mapping the forest stakeholder landscape FGR governance. Using the Quadruple Helix Approach, we categorised stakeholders into academia, industry, government, and civil society identifying relevant sub-communities. The mapping process involved iterative revisions through expert consultations, workshops, and literature scoping. Results show that the FGR sub-community is situated between strict conservation efforts and applied forestry, supporting both genetic conservation and productive forest management. The FRM sub-community, dealing specifically with the production and deployment of FRM, prioritises tree breeding, seed production, and afforestation/reforestation programmes. Meanwhile, the Protected Forests (PF) sub-community focuses on strict nature conservation, advocating minimal human intervention while facing pressures from resource extraction, tourism, and land-use conflicts. The diverging attitudes and values of close-to-nature forest management, intensive forestry, and strict protections, respectively, exist within same stakeholder groups, as well as among different ones, and are spanning all sub-communities. The study uncovers key tensions such as competing land-use priorities between forestry, agriculture, infrastructure and energy sectors, limited flow of knowledge between stakeholder categories and governance misalignments between local, national, and international regulations. The findings are particularly relevant for policymakers, forest managers, forest nurseries, conservation organisations, and industry stakeholders to balance conservation with sustainable forest utilisation. By integrating stakeholder perspectives and highlighting key governance challenges, this study shows where a common ground can be found and where divergent opinions are strong, opening the way for more integrated strategies and policies
Ključne besede: natural resource governance, actors' identification, social-ecological systems, quadruple helix approach, forestry, forest management, biodiversity conservation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.06.2025; Ogledov: 111; Prenosov: 62
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6. Pan-European forest maps produced with a combination of earth observation data and national forest inventory plotsJukka Miettinen, Johannes Breidenbach, Patricia Adame, Radim Adolt, Iciar Alberdi, Oleg Antropov, Ólafur Arnarsson, Rasmus Astrup, Ambros Berger, Jón Bogason, Luka Krajnc, Mitja Skudnik, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Povzetek: The dataset includes Pan-European maps of timber volume (Vol), above-ground biomass (AGB), and deciduous-coniferous proportion (DCP) with a pixel size of 10×10 m for the reference year 2020. In addition, a measure of prediction uncertainty is provided for each pixel. The maps have been created using a combination of a Sentinel-2 mosaic, Copernicus layers, and National Forest Inventory (NFI) data. The mapping was done with the k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN, k=7) approach with harmonized data of species-specific Vol and AGB from 14 NFIs consisting of approximately 151 000 field plots across Europe. The maps cover 40 European countries, forming a continuous coverage of the western part of the European continent. A sample of 1/3 of NFI plots was left out for validation, whereas 2/3 of the plots were used for mapping. Maps were created independently for 13 multi-country processing areas. Root-mean-squared-errors (RMSEs) for AGB ranged from 53 % in the Nordic processing area to 73 % in the South-Eastern area. The maps are on average nearly unbiased on European level (1.0 % of the mean AGB), but show significant overestimation for small biomass values (53 % bias for forests with AGB less than 150 t/ha) and underestimation for high biomass values (-55 % bias for forests with AGB higher than 500 t/ha). The created maps are the first of their kind as they are utilizing a large number of harmonized NFI plot observations and consistent remote sensing data for high-resolution forest attribute mapping. While the published maps can be useful for visualization and other purposes, they are primarily meant as auxiliary information in model-assisted estimation where model-related biases can be mitigated, and field-based estimates improved. Therefore, additional calibration procedures were not applied, and especially high Vol and AGB values tend to be underestimated. We therefore discourage from summarizing map values (pixel counting) over areas in interest, as this may inadvertently result in biased estimates.
Ključne besede: European forest monitoring system, remote sensing, in-situ data, forest attribute maps
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.06.2025; Ogledov: 156; Prenosov: 83
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7. Private forest owner typology based on post-disturbance behaviour in SloveniaDarja Stare, Zala Uhan, Matevž Triplat, Špela Ščap, Nike Krajnc, Špela Pezdevšek Malovrh, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In recent years, Europe has experienced an unexpectedly high frequency of natural disturbances. Private forest owners (PFOs), who manage a significant proportion of European forests and have diverse objectives and approaches to forest management, play a crucial role in salvage logging. The aim of this study was to (i) categorise PFOs based on their forest management objectives, experience with regular forest management, and responses to natural disturbances, and (ii) propose policy implications for particular PFO groups to improve salvage logging operations and meet legal requirements. A survey was conducted among a random sample of PFOs whose forests were affected by natural disturbances (n = 547). The survey data were analysed using K-means cluster analysis, and three groups of PFOs were identified. The outsourcing-oriented managers (32%) responded most strongly to natural disturbances, with 96.0% carrying out salvage logging. This highly co-operative group often relies on forest contractors and demonstrates the highest commitment to performing forest management activities among the three groups. The self-reliant managers (42%) also responded strongly (92.6% carried out salvage logging) and are characterised by a strong preference for performing the work themselves. The group of less active managers (26%) included the highest proportion of PFOs who did not conduct salvage logging (19.0%) and those with no previous forest management experience (12.0%). Despite these differences, common policy instruments based on smart regulation principles are proposed to promote efficient salvage logging. The results may contribute to the holistic transformation of forest policy and management in response to the current challenges posed by large-scale natural disturbances.
Ključne besede: natural disturbances, salvage logging, private forest owners’ behaviour responses, smart regulation principles, forest policy recommendations
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.06.2025; Ogledov: 176; Prenosov: 73
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8. Managing invasive alien species in forest corridors and stepping stonesGiuseppe Brundu, Maarten De Groot, Sabrina Kumschick, Jan Pergl, Katharina Lapin, 2025, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Povzetek: Invasive alien species (IAS) pose a signiicant threat to forest ecosystems by disrupting ecological networks and competing with native species. Forest habitat patches and corridors designed to enhance connectivity and biodiversity can unintentionally promote the dispersal of IAS, further compromising the ecological integrity of the forest ecosystem. This chapter discusses two main aspects related to IAS and forest connectivity: (1) the spread of IAS in the landscape and their impacts on native species and (2) the consequences of IAS on forest connectivity. Effective management of IAS is crucial to improve connectivity for native species while restricting the spread opportunity for aliens and preserve biodiversity. Ideally, a site-speciic risk analysis should precede conservation or restoration efforts, determining the potential impact of IAS on the respective habitat patch’s structural and functional connectivity, and vice versa. Furthermore, this chapter explores management strategies to control IAS, including physical removal, biological control, and monitoring. Citizen involvement and remote sensing play vital roles in supporting management actions, IAS detection and long-term monitoring, and habitat connectivity. Including stakeholders such as forest owners and managers in such actions ensures a collaborative approach to safeguarding forest ecosystems from the threats posed by IAS.
Ključne besede: forest health, invasive alien species
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.06.2025; Ogledov: 193; Prenosov: 74
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9. Managing forest health in connected landscapesGernot Hoch, Katharina Lapin, Maarten De Groot, 2025, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Povzetek: Managing forest health is a critical challenge for forest managers and policymakers worldwide, especially in connected forests where ecological and socio-economic linkages are tightly intertwined. Conservation and sustainable management of forest ecosystems require the development and implementation of comprehensive strategies that address the complex interactions between natural and human-driven stressors affecting forest health. In this chapter, we review the main drivers of forest health degradation and provide an overview of the approaches and tools that can be used to monitor and manage forest health. We highlight the importance of integrating practical knowledge with scientific information to enhance the resilience of forest ecosystems to global environmental changes. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with managing forest health in connected forest landscapes, and we suggest possible strategies to improve forest health management.
Ključne besede: forest health, forest landscapes
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.06.2025; Ogledov: 187; Prenosov: 74
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10. A single-tree approach to determine climate-growth patterns of European beech and their seasonality in the species southern distribution areaRoberto Serrano-Notivoli, Jernej Jevšenak, Katarina Čufar, Nina Škrk Dolar, Angela Balzano, Jožica Gričar, Maks Merela, Klemen Novak, Peter Prislan, Martin De Luis, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Dry and warm climate conditions in southern Europe represent clear limits for European beech (Fagus sylvatica) growth near the species southern distribution limit, but it is unclear how aridification and changes in seasonal precipitation regimes will affect these forests at the individual level. We explored climate-growth relationships and the seasonality of peak climate signals in European beech using daily climate data and a large collection of tree-ring width series from southern and southeastern Europe through Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). In most cases we found a positive and significant influence of precipitation on tree growth, and a significant negative effect of maximum temperature. Predictions from the GLMMs revealed a positive impact of precipitation during an 88 day window from spring to early summer (mid-April to mid-July), for an average tree across our network. This critical growing time window ranged from 75 days in warmer and drier conditions, and extended up to 100 days in areas with mild temperatures and moderate summer precipitation. Maximum temperatures negatively affected trees for an average of 27 day window in summer (June-July). This period was reduced to <10 days in locations with wetter and colder summers, rising up to 45 days in sites with drier and warmer summers. The positive effect of precipitation on growth was stronger and commenced earlier in larger trees. Similarly, the negative effects of maximum temperatures were more pronounced for larger trees. The use of daily climate data and a tree-centred approach allowed for capturing critical temporal dynamics in climate-growth relationships that are often overlooked by conventional methods. These insights significantly enhance our understanding of climatic factors influencing individual beech growth at the edge of its distribution range and their seasonal variations.
Ključne besede: European beech, daily climatic variables, precipitation, maximum temperature, tree-ring width, range limit
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.06.2025; Ogledov: 173; Prenosov: 88
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