1. Technological choice & social change : a multi-analytical study of late roman and early medieval coarseware ceramics from the southeastern alpine regionSabina Dolenec, Petra Šajna, Katarina Šter, Maruša Mrak, Matej Dolenec, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This report examines ceramic technological choices during the transition from the late Roman period to the Early Middle Ages (c. 300–900 CE) in the southeastern Alps using a multi-method archaeometric approach. Fourteen samples of coarseware pottery—representing three primary fabric groups previously identified by optical microscopy—were analyzed with X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The purpose of the study was to confirm the validity of the petrographic fabric groups as well as provide further insight into steps of the chaîne op´eratoire, such as raw material acquisition, clay preparation, and firing conditions. XRD and XRF results corroborated the mineralogical profile of fabric groups identified under the microscope and provided additional quantitative data on less visible components. SEM-EDS demonstrated that potters mostly gathered locally available illite-rich clays, adopted a low intervention approach to clay preparation, and, when tempering with calcite, utilized crushed limestone. FTIR and XRD indicated that higher-fired ceramics ( > 800 ◦C) occurred predominantly at late Roman and late antique upland settlements, as well as early medieval reoccupations of those sites, while early medieval lowland sites produced lower-fired ceramics (<800 ◦C). The overall pattern during this transition was one of technological diversification: late Roman ceramic production was highly standardized, while early medieval assemblages exhibited greater diversity of technical choices. Furthermore, early medieval reoccupations of late antique settlements showed greater technological continuity with Roman traditions than newly established lowland sites, suggesting differential transmission of craft knowledge during this period.
Ključne besede: late antiquity, early middle ages, pottery technology, Austria, Slovenia, operational sequence
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.09.2026; Ogledov: 145; Prenosov: 33
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2. Enigma M4 from the German minesweeper R15 in the upper Adriatic : high-resolution microCT investigation of the last settingsAndrej Gaspari, Miha Hren, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This article presents the results of microtomographic analysis of the rotor block of an Enigma machine M4 recovered from the wreck of the German minesweeper R15 in the upper Adriatic Sea (sunk on 16 April 1945). The device (serial number M 15648) was examined using visual inspection and MicroCT. Initial analysis enabled identification of the rotor sequence (Walzenlage) and external wheel positions, while higher-resolution scanning revealed internal rotor settings (Ringstellung). Based on the place and time of the sinking of the R15, it is plausible that the operators of M 15648 used the naval key Hermes within the code network Sud.
Ključne besede: Second World War, Adriatic, Kriegsmarine, cypher machines, Enigma, micro CT investigation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.09.2026; Ogledov: 167; Prenosov: 100
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4. The effect of surrounding topography on calculated solar gains in buildings using dynamic building energy modeling (BEM)Alen Hausmeister, Matej Ogrin, Tim Gregorčič, Katja Malovrh Rebec, 2026, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: This paper presents a methodology for integrating terrain shadows of micro-locations into building energy modeling (BEM) for topographically diverse regions. Dynamic energy simulations rely on high-resolution weather data sourced from reference locations that cover a climate zone. As soon as the micro-location of the simulated building is away from the weather reference site, topographic shading can trigger deviations. This study developed a three-dimensional reproduction of the micro-location’s surrounding terrain as a simplified ring model based on available horizon height captured from PVGIS. In a radius of 20 km, 4 Slovenian cities from the same climatic zone have been analyzed and compared with a baseline calculation. When comparing solar gains (SG) of chosen micro-locations, a tendency is noticeable—the lower the Sky-view Factor (SVF), the higher the SG deficit. Additional calculations have been conducted for different SVF/aspect ratios and used in a geographical survey. Results show that at least half of the Slovenian land surface which is inhabited by 21% of the population, has characteristics where topography influences calculated Solar Gains (SG). In those areas, the potential SG deficit is distributed from barely perceptible to more than 25% in certain areas. This approach enhances the precision of BEM in topographically varied landscapes and can inform better design and planning decisions.
Ključne besede: hourly dynamic method, solar gains, sky-view factor, elevated horizon, BIM
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.08.2026; Ogledov: 169; Prenosov: 36
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5. Quantitative analysis of bitumen microstructure by atomic force microscopy under repeated heatingLidija Ržek, Hinrich Grothe, Niko Van den Brande, Johan Blom, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This research assessed the influence of repeated laboratory heating and storage on the consistency and properties of bitumen. The most characteristic microstructural cases were created through simulated ageing, followed by quantitative atomic force microscopic (AFM) analysis of critical morphological features. Micrographs were segmented into phases corresponding to the topographical valleys, hills, and intermediate plateaus typical for the AFM of bitumen. The segmented discrete phases were analysed for size distribution and spatial arrangement, while the intermediate space was analysed for local thickness distribution. The simulated ageing conditions substantially affected the surface microstructure and micromechanical integrity of bitumen. This degraded the initially evenly heterogeneous microstructure by drastically increasing its spatial variability and reducing the replicability of results. The reduced regularity of wrinkle geometry (size, shape, and spatial arrangement) was the most obvious consequence. The remarkably higher variability also significantly reduced replicability between specimens, causing quantitative parameters of individual images to diverge drastically.
Ključne besede: asphalt, bitumen, microstructure, atomic force microscopy, image analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.08.2026; Ogledov: 167; Prenosov: 54
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6. Waste polycarbonate derived pyrolytic oil as potential bitumen rejuvenatorPrimož Pavšič, Primož Oprčkal, Lidija Ržek, Luka Škrlep, 2026, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: Increasing the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a key objective in sustainable pavement engineering; however, high RAP contents often lead to performance degradation due to the aged and brittle binder. Rejuvenators are therefore required in the production of new asphalt mixes with high RAP content to restore binder properties. Meanwhile, incineration remains a common end-of-life option for plastic waste, which conflicts with zero-waste and carbon neutrality principles. Pyrolysis offers a sustainable alternative to incineration by a thermal conversion of plastic waste into oils that can act as bitumen rejuvenators, enabling the use of higher RAP content in new asphalt mix production. This study investigates pyrolytic oil derived from waste polycarbonate as a rejuvenator for aged bitumen. The experimental programme includes oil characterization, compatibility evaluation, and assessment of its effects on the mechanical, rheological, and chemical properties of aged binder. Results demonstrate that polycarbonate-derived pyrolytic oil is a promising rejuvenator for aged bitumen, enabling the useful utilization of waste polycarbonate and the use of higher RAP content in new asphalt mix production, thus supporting circular economy goals and plastic waste reduction.
Ključne besede: circular economy, waste polycarbonate, pyrolytic oil, rejuvenator, reclaimed asphalt pavement
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 183; Prenosov: 131
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7. Digital product and material passports for better management of material flows in road construction and maintenanceJan Prah, Marija Đurić, Primož Oprčkal, Alenka Mauko Pranjić, 2026, objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci Povzetek: One of the main challenges in road construction and maintenance is ensuring traceability and transparency in managing large quantities of excavated soil and stone. In Slovenia, around 7 million tons of such materials are produced annually. They are often reused on - site or backfilled, yet still treated as waste, without considering their chemical and geotechnical properties or potential value. The new EU Construction Products Regulation (EC 3110/2024) introduces digital product passports to improve transparency and traceability of material properties. Although excavated soil and stone are not clearly defined as construction products under this regulation, applying its principles is increasingly important due to the large volumes involved. This research addresses digital product passport requirements and presents the development of digital material passport platforms for excavated soil and stone within the LIFE IP RESTART project. It explores pathways based on material status , such as waste, by - product, or construction product, supporting more efficient resource use in line with circular economy principles .
Ključne besede: circular economy, digital product passport, excavated soil and stone, construction and demolition waste management
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.08.2026; Ogledov: 270; Prenosov: 140
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8. Production of cold-bonded artificial lightweight aggregates from industrial waste via double-step pelletization : feasibility and surface treatment effectsAnže Tesovnik, Vilma Ducman, Francesco Colangelo, Narinder Singh, Majda Pavlin, Sara Tominc, Ilenia Farina, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Recently, the use of recycled materials in the construction and building sector has gained global attention for promoting sustainability. For this purpose, eco-friendly lightweight artificial aggregates (LWA) are a suitable alternative to natural aggregates. Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) (75 wt%, 65 wt%, 55 wt%), marble sludge (MS) (15 wt%, 25 wt%, 35 wt%), and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) (10 wt%) as a binder were used to prepare various mixtures of LWA through the cold bonding pelletization (CBP) process. Before pelletization, the MSWI-FA was pre-treated via a two-step washing with water, which significantly reduced the chloride and sulfate content. To enhance the performance of the aggregates, they were surface treated with a mixture of ground 50% granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), 20% silica fume (SF), and 30% OPC via CBP, and these aggregates were named double bonded. Overall, the apparent density of the aggregates ranged from 1.71 to 2.04 g/cm3, while water absorption ranged from 12.87% to 17.12%, and mechanical strength was observed in the range of 1.05 to 2.1 MPa. The DBAs showed improved performance compared to the SBAs. XRD analysis showed the formation of hydration products with poor crystallinity or amorphous structure, as confirmed by FTIR and TG analysis. Leaching analysis showed that most hazardous elements were successfully solidified/stabilized within the aggregate matrix. However, Mo and Sb concentrations exceeded the limits for non-hazardous waste, indicating the need for further optimization of the mixture composition and processing parameters to improve their immobilization.
Ključne besede: lightweight aggregates, artificial aggregates, cold-bonded pelletization, municipal solid waste incineration ash
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.08.2026; Ogledov: 176; Prenosov: 57
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9. Fire incidents involving photovoltaic systems : an analysis of different national statisticsAxel Mossberg, Vincenzo Puccia, Cecilia Wetterqvist, Aleš Jug, Grunde Jomaas, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: With the increasing number of PV installations, reported PV-related fire incidents are receiving greater attention, although their quantification depends strongly on how such events are recorded. To manage fire safety risks in PV systems effectively, accurate statistics on the probability and consequences of these incidents are essential. National statistics from the UK, Italy, Sweden, and Slovenia were analysed to examine how differences in reporting methodologies influence the observed fire statistics. The findings indicate that different measures may be relevant for assessing ignition frequency. When comparing reported fire numbers, the rate ranges from approximately 4-11 fires per GW annually in the UK, Italy, and Sweden, to about 37 per GW annually in Slovenia. Similarly, the number of incidents per 100,000 installations was found to be approximately 5-22 for the UK, Italy, and Sweden, compared with 75 in Slovenia. These differences are likely influenced by variations in data collection methods and inclusion criteria across the countries. Swedish data also show notable differences in the various measures depending on system size. In the Swedish dataset, DC cables and connectors are the most frequently identified ignition source. Regarding consequences, about 68% of fires remain confined to the PV equipment, while 24% damage adjacent surfaces. In 5% of cases, significant fire spread occurred, while in 3% the building was completely destroyed. The similarities and differences in the national statistics highlight the need for harmonised data collection to enable meaningful comparison and support data-driven fire safety measures for PV systems.
Ključne besede: PV, solar power systems, fire, risk, consequence, statistics, cause
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.08.2026; Ogledov: 255; Prenosov: 181
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10. A comparative analysis of legal frameworks for circularity in the built environment : a large language model-assisted study of nine jurisdictions supporting the sustainable development goalsIwona Kaczmarek, Janez Turk, Alenka Mauko Pranjić, Anja Kodrič, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The high consumption of raw materials and the generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW) represent significant sustainability challenges. The circular economy (CE) offers a promising pathway but requires effective legislation. Although considerable attention has been devoted to the technical and economic aspects of CE, comparative analyses of national regulatory frameworks remain scarce. This study addresses this gap by conducting a comparative analysis of the regulatory environments of nine countries: Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Switzerland, and Türkiye. With a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) architecture based on a large language model (LLM), national and regional legal texts were analysed and fact-checked by experts. The results reveal substantial differences in regulatory maturity, enforcement mechanisms, and data platforms, resulting in the identification of three country clusters. The findings indicate that effective CDW management depends on legislative harmonisation, institutional capacity, data openness, and economic incentives. In addition, the study suggests that LLMs can serve as powerful instruments for comparative legal analysis in multilingual sustainability research.
Ključne besede: construction and demolition waste, circular economy, comparative analysis, large language model, legal text, SDG 12
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.08.2026; Ogledov: 277; Prenosov: 168
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