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Povzetek: Disposing of excess salt from seawater desalination and the potash industry presents substantial ecological risks worldwide. This underscores the pressing need to explore reuse possibilities to mitigate environmental damage. One potential solution involves incorporating salt waste into building construction, especially in environments with low air humidity. However, this integration affects composite materials’ mechanical and hydrothermal properties and results in efflorescence on the material surface. This study investigates how different surface inclinations and two types of salt waste affect efflorescence in salt cement mixtures. The primary goal of this research is to design more resource-efficient building materials by reducing cement usage while improving understanding of optimized surface design in indoor construction applications. Experimental in-situ measurements employing Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF) were conducted to examine salt crystallization accumulation on the salt cement surface. Our findings indicate higher efflorescence on concrete- salt surfaces with steeper inclinations (30–60 %). Furthermore, salt waste from the potash industry exhibits greater efflorescence than desalination salts, attributed to its higher sodium chloride content. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the interactions among salt waste, cement, and surface characteristics, providing valuable insights for future advancements in construction materials science.
Ključne besede: salt waste, surface inclination, efflorescence sustainable concrete, non-destructive methods
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.06.2025; Ogledov: 159; Prenosov: 72
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Povzetek: The gradual replacement of coal by local renewable resources leads to an increased production of co-combustion ashes (CC). Their disposal can be limited by their use in the construction sector, where they can partially replace primary raw materials. This study evaluates the incorporation of selected Slovenian CC ash into clay-based fired bricks within the EU AshCycle project. The tests included the measurement of water absorption, porosity, density, weight loss, shrinkage, flexural and compressive strength, and freeze-thaw resistance. Two types of clay were used to compare the influence of the selected ash on the performance of the fired samples. Replacing clay mixtures with 10 wt% CC ash reduced the compressive strength of the fired bricks but it still reached the required 10 MPa as specified in EN 772-1 (2015). The addition of CC ash to fired bricks requires careful planning of the raw mixes, taking into account various parameters that may affect the properties of the products.
Ključne besede: fired clay bricks, waste ashes, raw mixture, ceramic-technological tests, freeze-thaw resistance
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.04.2025; Ogledov: 291; Prenosov: 169
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Povzetek: Technology of alkali activation is an alternative sustainable approach to producing paving paver, where reactive aluminosilicate precursor undergoes a reaction with an alkaline solution to form binded product. The case study presents the functional usability of a technology as part of the Georis project. The construction pavers are composed of over 75% industrial residues, with the majority of the materials sourced from steel slag industry. Laboratory testing of pavers confirmed the promising mechanical properties, demonstrating high compressive and flexural strength, as well as resistance to frost and abrasion. The results support the feasibility of scaling up from lab-scale to pilot manufacturing. The innovative approach in this project was the pilot production process itself, where more than 20 m² of pavers were manufactured and cured in a mobile unit. To assess their real-world performance, a demonstration case was implemented at the SIJ Acroni courtyard, where the pavers were installed to observe their application in a practical setting and to monitor their long-term durability. The valorisation of residues within GEORIS pavers highlights lower CO₂ emissions compared to conventional cement-based pavers and the potential of technology for industrial symbiosis and circular economy initiatives, making it an attractive solution for environmentally conscious industries.
Ključne besede: waste materials, alkali activated material, sustainable approach, slag, pavers
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 07.04.2025; Ogledov: 234; Prenosov: 122
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Povzetek: The dataset supports the data in the tables and figures in the conference article Evaluation of the performance of clay-based bricks with the addition of co-combustion ash (doi: https://doi.org/10.18690/um.fkkt.1.2025.15). It contains the particle size distribution (PSD) measurements, the original data of the XRD analyses, the original results of the XRF measurements, the original results of the water absorption and shrinkage of the samples, fired in gradient kiln as well as the original results of the ceramic-technological tests of bricks after drying and firing at 950 °C.
Ključne besede: fired clay bricks, waste ashes, raw mixture, ceramic-technological tests, freeze-thaw resistance
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.12.2024; Ogledov: 328; Prenosov: 125
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Povzetek: Protein-based fish adhesives have historically been used in various bonding applications; however, due to the protein’s high affinity for water absorption, these adhesives become destabilized in high-moisture environments, resulting in reduced bondline strength and early failure. This limitation makes them unsuitable for industrial applications with higher demands. To address this issue, water-insoluble raw powder materials such as iron, copper, or zeolite were incorporated into natural fish adhesives. In this study, the hygroscopicity, dry matter content, thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), FT-IR spectroscopy, surface tension measurements, vapour permeability, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the modified adhesives were determined. In addition, the bonding properties of the modified adhesives were evaluated by the tensile shear strength of the lap joints, and mould growth was visually inspected. The resulting modified protein-based adhesives demonstrated improved stability in high humidity environments. Enhancing the hygroscopic properties of protein-based fish adhesives has the potential to unlock new opportunities and applications, providing a healthier and more environmentally sustainable alternative to petroleum-based adhesives.
Ključne besede: protein‐based adhesive, polymer stabilization, hygroscopicity, fish adhesive modification, fish industry waste, circular economy, bonding properties
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.08.2024; Ogledov: 693; Prenosov: 521
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