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Povzetek: Sarcopenic obesity is a relatively new term. It is a clinical condition characterized by sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass and function) and obesity (increase in fat mass) that mainly affects older adults. As the incidence of sarcopenia and obesity increases worldwide, sarcopenic obesity is becoming a greater problem also in cancer patients. In fact, sarcopenic obesity is associated with poorer treatment outcomes, longer hospital stays, physical disability, and shorter survival in several cancers. Oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and systemic inflammation, as well as altered expression of skeletal muscle anti-inflammatory myokines in sarcopenic obesity, are also associated with carcinogenesis. Conclusions. Reported prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in cancer varies because of heterogeneity in definitions and variability in diagnostic criteria used to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia and obesity. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the definitions, prevalence, and diagnostic criteria as well as the mechanisms that cancer has in common with sarcopenic obesity.
Ključne besede: sarcopenia, obesity, cancer, inflammation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.06.2026; Ogledov: 208; Prenosov: 90
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Povzetek: Objective: This study investigates the relationship between a new anthropometric measure, the Body Shape Index (ABSI), and body composition and biochemical parameters in hemodialysis patients and, for the first time, the correlation between ABSI and muscle strength and function in these patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 80 patients who were regularly treated in the hemodialysis unit of a single medical center of the University Hospital of Ljubljana, Slovenia. General anthropometric parameters body mass index (BMI) and ABSI=(WC/(BMI2/3x height½) as well as body composition data (fat mass FM, fat-free mass FFM, fat-free mass index FFMI, skeletal muscle index SMI) were determined in 25 women (aged 74.5 ± 7.5 years) and 55 men (aged 70.1 ± 6.6 years) with overweight (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Muscle strength was determined using a hand grip strength test, while muscle performance was assessed using the sit-to-stand test. Results: ABSI was significantly negatively associated with muscle strength, functional tests and SMI only in men. Based on the median ABSI value (0.090273 m11/6·kg−2/3 in women and 0.090893 m11/6·kg−2/3 in men), women with a higher ABSI had a significantly higher glucose concentration than those with a lower ABSI. Men with a lower ABSI obtained significantly better results in the hand grip test, sit-to-stand test and waist circumference (WC). In conclusion, our findings suggest an inverse association between ABSI and muscle strength and function in male hemodialysis patients, indicating that higher ABSI may reflect poorer physical condition in this population. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the clinical significance of this relationship.
Ključne besede: hemodialysis, muscle strenght, sarcopenia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.04.2026; Ogledov: 279; Prenosov: 186
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Povzetek: Background: Sarcopenia, the progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, is a major public health concern linked to falls, hospitalization and loss of independence among older adults. Initially defined by reduced muscle mass, later also by reduced muscle strength and function, it is now recognized that standard diagnostic tools do not fully capture complexity of sarcopenia. Tensiomyography (TMG) is a non-invasive method that assesses skeletal muscle contractile parameters, which undergo change with aging and sarcopenia. The aims of this exploratory study are to determine whether TMG could be a method for contractile parameters assessment in sarcopenia classification and to evaluate the relationship between TMG-derived parameters and sarcopenia classification tests. Methods: We included 654 older adults (70.6% women) and included demographics, sarcopenia classification (EWGSOP2, SDOC), muscle strength (handgrip strength, five sit-to-stand), TMG of three leg muscles, muscle mass (bioimpedance), and physical performance (gait speed, timed up-and-go). MANOVA was used to analyze contractile properties and due to low agreement between classifications, we used both classifications. A partial correlation for each sex was conducted to determine the associations between sarcopenia classification tests and TMG-derived parameters of delay time (Td), contraction time (Tc), radial displacement (Dm) and contraction velocity (Vc), controlling for age. Results: One-way MANOVA confirmed difference between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic participants according to EWGSOP2 and SDOC classifications in TMG-derived contractile parameters in all three muscles, Td was consistently longer and Dm consistently lower in sarcopenic individuals. Post-hoc univariate tests further demonstrated specific differences due to sarcopenia presence. Ageadjusted partial correlations were weak to moderate, ranging between −0.430 and 0.369. Conclusion: Sarcopenic individuals exhibited longer Td and Tc, and smaller Dm, though not consistently across all muscles. Td was longer in all three muscles, reflecting electromechnical delays linked to aging. Dm was consistently lower, suggesting increased muscle stiffness. Correlations between TMG parameters and sarcopenia classification tests indicated that shorter Td and Tc, higher Dm, and greater Vc were associated with higher muscle volume, muscle strength and performance. The findings indicate that TMG parameters may be associated with neuromuscular degeneration and sarcopenia, supporting further exploration of muscle- and sex-specific differences.
Ključne besede: tensiomyography, muscle function, older adults, sarcopenia, seniors
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.02.2026; Ogledov: 754; Prenosov: 349
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Povzetek: Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two aspects of the geriatric syndrome that frequently occur together and affect one another in a condition referred to as osteosarcopenia. Preventive and treatment options for osteosarcopenia exist but are mainly focused on the treatment of osteoporosis, as there is still no FDA-approved treatment for sarcopenia. Drugs for osteoporosis include antiresorptive and anabolic drugs and hormonal replacement therapies and are prescribed based on age, BMD and other patient characteristics, which, however, do not include the possible co-existence of sarcopenia. As several studies and clinical trials have shown that the pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis can also affect muscle tissue, in either a positive or negative manner, sarcopenia should be another factor affecting the choice of treatment, especially when facing equal treatment options for osteoporosis. The aim of this review was to summarize our current knowledge on the effects of FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis on muscle quality, mass and function. A better understanding of the effects that certain drugs have on muscle tissue might in the future help us to simultaneously at least partially also address the wasting of muscle tissue and avoid further pharmacologically induced decline.
Ključne besede: osteoporosis, sarcopenia, osteosarcopenia, pharmacological treatment
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.12.2025; Ogledov: 1038; Prenosov: 382
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Povzetek: Introduction: Sarcopenia is a multifaceted condition affecting between 10 and 16% of the global population, and although multiple classification algorithms exist, no prevalence has been reported for a representative sample of the Slovenian population. Furthermore, multiple behavioural factors, such as malnutrition, physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle and lower cognitive function, can contribute to the risk of sarcopenia. This study aims to: a) determine sarcopenia prevalence among Slovenian older adults according to different classification algorithms, b) compare the agreement among the algorithms and c) evaluate the relationship between proposed risk factors and sarcopenia. Methods: 654 participants (≥60 years, 30.4% males) have been classified into sarcopenia groups according to eight algorithms, and agreement (Fleiss K) between them was calculated. Additionally, age, sex, nutritional status, physical activity, sedentary levels and cognitive function were assessed as sarcopenia risk/protective factors. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 was 4.1%, ranging from 2.1% to 15.3%, when classified by all eight algorithms. Overall agreement between algorithms was weak (K=.429; 95% CI .414 to .444) with 0.6% of participants classified as sarcopenic by all eight algorithms. Adequate nutrition and physical activity were identified as protective factors, while age, lower cognitive function and sedentary lifestyle were considered risk factors. Conclusion: Sarcopenia prevalence among the Slovenian general population was lower than in the global population. We can conclude that different sarcopenia algorithms lead to a different prevalence of sarcopenia. It is of great importance to be cautious when comparing prevalences among studies and to further validate the classification algorithms.
Ključne besede: sarcopenia, prevalence, epidemiology, classification algorithms, risk factors
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.03.2025; Ogledov: 1077; Prenosov: 674
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