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Povzetek: Purpose of review Cold-induced anaphylaxis (ColdA) is a poorly understood form of anaphylaxis that occurs in patients with cold urticaria (ColdU). This comprehensive review aims to deepen the understanding of ColdA. It emphasizes the identification of high-risk ColdU patients susceptible to ColdA and provides recommendations for their effective management. Recent findings Recent studies, including the large international COLD-CE study, have identified clinical features of ColdU patients associated with increased ColdA risk. These individuals can now be recognized through routine clinical assessments. Key diagnostic indicators for assessing ColdU and the risk of ColdA include oropharyngeal/laryngeal symptoms and positive standard local cold provocation tests. ColdA has been defined as acute cold-induced involvement of the skin and/or visible mucosal tissue accompanied by cardiovascular manifestations, difficulty breathing, or gastrointestinal symptoms, but a universally accepted definition is lacking. Additionally, ColdA has recently been recognized as an indication for prescribing adrenaline (epinephrine) autoinjectors, marking a significant advancement in disease management. Summary ColdA is a major and potentially life-threatening concern for a subset of ColdU patients. Early recognition of high-risk patients, coupled with education and preparedness of both patients and healthcare providers, is crucial for effectively managing this challenging condition. Further research is needed to expand understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of ColdA, identify potential cofactors influencing ColdA, and improve disease-management strategies.
Ključne besede: adrenaline (epinephrine), autoinjector, cold-induced anaphylaxis, cold urticaria, management, risk factors
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.05.2025; Ogledov: 121; Prenosov: 76
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Povzetek: The effects of data governance (as a means to maximize big data value creation in fire risk management) performance on fire risk was analyzed based on multi-source statistical data of 105 cities in China from 2016 to 2018. Specifically, data governance was first quantified with ten detailed indicators, which were then selected for explaining urban fire risk through correlation analysis. Next, the sample cities were clustered in terms of major socio-economic characteristics, and then the effects of data governance were examined by constructing multivariate regression models for each city cluster with ordinary least squares (OLS). The results showed that the constructed regression models produced good interpretation of fire risk in different types of cities, with coefficient of determination (R2) in each model exceeding 0.65. Among the indicators, the development of infrastructures (e.g. data collection devices and data analysis platforms), the level of data use, and the updating of fire risk related data were proved to produce significant effects on the reduction of fire frequency and fire consequence. Moreover, the organizational maturity of data governance was proved to be helpful in reducing fire frequency. For the cities with large population, the cross-department sharing of high-value data was found to be another important determinant of urban fire frequency. In comparison with existing statistical models which interpreted fire risk with general social factors (with the highest R2 = 0.60), these new regression models presented a better statistical performance (with the average R2 = 0.72). These findings are expected to provide decision support for the local governments of China and other jurisdictions to facilitate big data projects in improving fire risk management.
Ključne besede: urban fire risk, fire risk management, big data technologies, data governance, socio-economic factors, city-wide analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.01.2024; Ogledov: 774; Prenosov: 358
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Povzetek: ISO15189:2012 requires medical laboratories to document metrological traceability of their results. While the ISO17511:2003 standard on metrological traceability in laboratory medicine requires the use of the highest available level in the traceability chain, it recognizes that for many measurands there is no reference above the manufacturer's selected measurement procedure and the manufacturer's working calibrator. Some immunoassays, although they intend to measure the same quantity and may even refer to the same reference material, unfortunately produce different results because of differences in analytical selectivity as manufacturers select different epitopes and antibodies for the same analyte. In other cases, the cause is the use of reference materials, which are not commutable. The uncertainty associated with the result is another important aspect in metrological traceability implementation. As the measurement uncertainty on the clinical samples is influenced by the uncertainty of all steps higher in the traceability chain, laboratories should be provided with adequate and appropriate information on the uncertainty of the value assignment to the commercial calibrators that they use. Although the between-lot variation in value assignment will manifest itself as part of the long-term imprecision as estimated by the end-user, information on worst-case to be expected lot-lot variation has to be communicated to the end-user by the IVD provider. When laboratories use ancillary equipment that potentially could have a critical contribution to the reported results, such equipment needs verification of its proper calibration and criticality to the result uncertainty could be assessed by an approach based on risk analysis, which is a key element of ISO15189:2012 anyway. This paper discusses how the requirement for metrological traceability as stated in ISO15189 should be met by the medical laboratory and how this should be assessed by accreditation bodies.
Ključne besede: laboratories, medical laboratory science, risk management, quality control, quality improvement, health care quality assurance, metrological traceability
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.10.2020; Ogledov: 2291; Prenosov: 480
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