Iskanje po repozitoriju

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Povzetek: Background. Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of treatment for various cancers, but often causes collateral damage to surrounding healthy tissue, including skeletal muscle. Ionizing radiation leads to oxidative stress and inflammation, which impairs the regenerative capacity of muscle tissue. Irradiation reduces the number and functionality of satellite cells and disrupts the tightly regulated processes of myogenesis and tissue remodelling. In addition, irradiation alters the muscle microenvironment by promoting fibrosis and vascular damage, which further impedes effective regenera-tion. Cytokine signalling pathways are also dysregulated following irradiation, contributing to impaired activation and differentiation of satellite cells. Conclusions. There is evidence that factors such as melatonin and growth factors can improve muscle regenera-tion. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the impairment of muscle regeneration after radiotherapy is crucial for the development of targeted strategies to mitigate side effects and improve patients’ qual-ity of life. Overall, the preservation and restoration of muscle function in irradiated tissue remains a critical challenge that requires multidisciplinary approaches
Ključne besede: skeletal muscle, radiotherapy, muscle regeneration, melatonine
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.06.2026; Ogledov: 163; Prenosov: 114
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Povzetek: Background: Growing evidence of safety and feasibility has prompted a shift toward ultra-hypofractionated (UHF) schedules in postoperative radiotherapy in early breast cancer. Patients and methods: Eighty patients over 50 years of age with early breast cancer (T1-2 and N0-1) who underwent postoperative, 3D conformal, free-breathing whole breast radiotherapy were included. The prospective arm consisted of 40 patients treated with UHF (26 Gy/5 fractions/one week) from 2023-2024, whereas the control arm was retrospective and represented by data from 40 patients treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy (HF) (40.5-42.2Gy/15-16 fractions/3 weeks) between 2015 and 2020. Dosimetric parameters for organs at risk (OARs) (heart and ipsilateral lung) were derived from the dose-volume histograms. Statistical evaluation was done with paired sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Dosimetric analysis revealed that patients treated with UHF schedule received significantly lower equivalent doses in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2Gy) to OARs compared with those treated with the HF schedule. The mean ipsilateral lung EQD2Gy dose was significantly lower in the UHF group (3.94 ± 2.1 Gy) than in the HF group (6.24 ± 2.4 Gy; p < 0.01). Among patients with left-sided breast cancer, the mean heart EQD2Gy dose was also significantly reduced in the UHF group (1.34 ± 0.5 Gy) compared with the HF group (3.02 ± 1.4 Gy; p < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings indicate a consistent dosimetric advantage of the UHF schedule, particularly in reducing radiation exposure to the heart and ipsilateral lung. These results support the dosimetric safety and feasibility of UHF schedules in early breast cancer treatment.
Ključne besede: breast cancer, organs at risk, radiotherapy, ultra-hypofractionation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.06.2026; Ogledov: 131; Prenosov: 60
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Povzetek: Background: This study aimed to determine the national incidence, characterize clinical features, and evaluate the treatment outcomes of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) in Slovenia. Methods: We conducted a population-based, retrospective case series of all patients diagnosed with PVRL at the Eye Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, between January 2013 and May 2024. The diagnosis was histopathologically confirmed, and primary central nervous system involvement was excluded. Clinical presentation, diagnostic delay, treatment modality, and adverse events were analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) were calculated. Results: Twelve patients were diagnosed with PVRL (four men, eight women; median age of 76 years). The average annual incidence was 0.52 cases per million. The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 238 days. The two most common symptoms were decreased visual acuity (75%) and floaters (58%). Vitreous cellular infiltration was the predominant clinical sign and was observed in 92% of patients. Five patients presented with unilateral disease, seven with bilateral disease, and three with unilateral disease that progressed to bilateral involvement. The median follow-up was 31.5 months. Eleven patients received one or more treatment modalities: intravitreal rituximab and/or methotrexate, local radiotherapy, and/or systemic chemotherapy. Local remission was achieved in all treated eyes. Two cases of granulomatous uveitis occurred during intravitreal rituximab therapy. The median PFS was 12 months; the two- and three-year PFS rates were 37.5% and 18.8%, respectively. The median OS was not reached; the two- and three-year OS rates were 70% and 56%, respectively. The LSS was 80% at two years and 64% at three years. Conclusions: This Slovenian population-based study provides real-world insights into PVRL management. In elderly and medically fragile patients, local treatment modalities provided effective ocular disease control with acceptable toxicity.
Ključne besede: methotrexate, population-based study, primary vitreoretinal lymphoma, radiotherapy, survival analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.04.2026; Ogledov: 255; Prenosov: 178
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Povzetek: This study investigated the antitumor efficacy of chemokine CCL5 gene therapy using gene electrotransfer (GET) in combination with radiotherapy (RT) in solid murine tumors CT26 and 4T1. In vitro, CT26 and 4T1 tumor cells transfected with plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding CCL5 induced migration of RAW264.7 macrophages. In vivo, CCL5 overexpression achieved via GET of pDNA encoding CCL5 led to increased splenocyte infiltration in dorsal window chamber models. When combined with RT, GET of pDNA encoding CCL5 shifted the tumor cytokine profile toward a proinflammatory state, with elevated Ifn-γ, Cxcl9, Cxcl10, and Il-12α. Although CD8 + and CD4 + T cells were reduced post-treatment, due to radiation-induced cell death, the combination of GET of pDNA encoding CCL5 and RT significantly delayed tumor growth in both models. In 4T1 tumors, this delay was also significant compared to the equivalent treatment with GET of control pDNA. These findings support GET of pDNA encoding CCL5 combined with RT as a strategy to enhance immune-mediated tumor control.
Ključne besede: chemokines, gene electrotransfer, gene therapy, mouse, radiotherapy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.02.2026; Ogledov: 579; Prenosov: 189
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Ključne besede: locally advanced lung cancer, volumetric image verification, tumour registration, adaptive radiotherapy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 25.07.2024; Ogledov: 1931; Prenosov: 485
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