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2. Real-world data on the minimed 780G advanced hybrid closed-loop system use during type 1 diabetes pregnancy : one centre observational studyAna Munda, Chiara Kovacic, Draženka Pongrac Barlovič, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Aim The efficacy of hybrid closed-loop systems (HCLs) in managing glycemic control in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes remains inadequately characterized. We evaluated the use of the Medtronic Minimed 780G HCLs. Methods: The retrospective observational study analyzed the glycemic and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women using the HCLs, followed at our tertiary centre. Independent t-tests were employed to compare data among trimesters based on pre-pregnancy HbA1c. The associations between glycemic parameters and perinatal outcomes were explored using Spearman rho. Results: Among the 21 women (age: 33.5 ± 4.2 years, diabetes duration: 21.2 ± 7.6 years, pre-pregnancy HbA1c 7.0 ± 1.1 % (52.9 ± 11.9 mmol/mol)) time in range (pTIR, 63–140 mg/dl; 3.5–7.8 mmol/l) increased progressively throughout pregnancy (trimesters: first: 64.0 ± 9.0 %; second:71.3 ± 11.8 %; third: 75.7 ± 8.1 %). Simultaneously, mean sensor glucose decreased (trimesters: first: 130 ± 10.4 mg/dl (7.2 ± 0.6 mmol/l); second: 120.9 ± 13.4 mg/dl (6.7 ± 0.7 mmol/l); third: 117.3 ± 9.1 mg/dl (6.5 ± 0.5 mmol/l)). Although a majority of women achieved the target pTIR until the third trimester, this did not consistently prevent the delivery of a largefor-gestational-age baby. Notably, one ketoacidosis event occurred, and there were no reported instances of severe hypoglycemia. Conclusion: Use of the Minimed 780G HCLs enabled the attainment of recommended pregnancy glycemic targets for most women with type 1 diabetes in a real-world setting.
Ključne besede: Type 1 diabetes, pregnancy continuous glucose monitoring, closed-loop insulin delivery
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.06.2026; Ogledov: 79; Prenosov: 56
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3. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women treated for bowel endometriosis : a seven-year single-centre retrospective matched cohort studyVesna Šalamun, Gaetano Riemma, Tina Sirc, Eda Vrtačnik-Bokal, Helena Ban Frangež, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Deep infiltrating endometriosis has been linked to worsened maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, reports regarding bowel endometriosis are still scanty. We aimed to evaluate pregnancy, delivery, and newborn adverse outcomes in women after laparoscopicassisted surgery for bowel endometriosis. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary-care university hospital. From January 2015 to December 2021, pregnant women who were diagnosed and treated for bowel endometriosis were matched using a 1:3 ratio with pregnant women with no history of endometriosis. Patients were matched using the Cox proportional hazards model to determine parity, age, BMI and gestational age-adjusted relative risk (aRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Co-primary outcomes were the incidence of labor abnormalities and cesarean section (CS) rate. Co-secondary outcomes were incidence of complications related to pregnancy, delivery, and newborn. Results: A total of 71 pregnancies among women treated for bowel endometriosis and 213 from healthy controls were included. Patients requiring IVF/ET for getting pregnant were in the bowel endometriosis group relative to controls (43.7% vs. 11.7%; p < 0.001). Increased risk of labor abnormalities was present for bowel endometriosis relative to controls (21.1% vs. 17.4%; p = 0.040; aRR 1.39 [95% CI 1.06–2.05]). Risk of non-cephalic fetal presentation (14.1% vs. 6.1%; p = 0.016; aRR 3.08 [95% CI 2.03–4.68]), CS rate (43.7% vs. 24.9%; p = 0.003; aRR 1.75 [95% CI 1.23– 2.49]), and emergent CS rate (19.7% vs. 8.5%; p = 0.009; aRR 2.21 [95% CI 1.55–3.16]) were significantly higher in women treated for colorectal endometriosis compared with controls. Moreover, placenta previa (9.9% vs. 0.0%; p < 0.001; aRR 21.82 [95% CI 2.19–116.40]), second-trimester hemorrhage (5.6% vs. 0.9%; p = 0.017; aRR 6.00 [95% CI 1.12–32.06]), postpartum hemorrhage (15.5% vs. 3.3%; p < 0.001; aRR 4.71 [95% CI 1.90–11.70]), and the need for transfusion during labor (5.6% vs. 0.5%; p = 0.004; aRR 12.00 [95% CI 1.36–105.60]) were increased in treatments vs. controls. Concerning neonatal outcomes, an increased risk for neonatal intensive care unit admission was seen in postsurgical endometriotic women relative to healthy controls (26.0% vs. 6.9%; p < 0.001; aRR 3.75 [2.04–3.86]). Conclusions: Women treated for bowel endometriosis seem more exposed to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes relative to healthy controls. However, additional prospective and comparative studies are needed to validate the available evidence.
Ključne besede: endometriosis, colorectal endometriosis, surgery, pregnancy outcomes, in-vitro fertilization
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 11.06.2026; Ogledov: 85; Prenosov: 49
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4. Association of discordance in birth weights of dichorionic twins with the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant womenSara Čebron, Anja Rupar, Ivan Verdenik, Tanja Premru-Sršen, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Objectives: Preeclampsia (PE) is more common in multiple pregnancies, especially dichorionic twins, which often show birthweight discordance. The threshold of birthweight discordance linked to increased risk remains unclear, based largely on the Delphi consensus method. This study examines whether discordance independently predicts PE and identifies the most predictive threshold to guide prenatal care. Methods: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study of 2,546 women with dichorionic twins who delivered in Slovenia between 2013 and 2022, using data from the National Perinatal Information System. The association between twin birthweight discordance, the main independent variable, and PE, the main outcome variable, was determined using multivariate logistic regression. We calculated the crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a 95 % confidence interval. ROC analysis determined the area under the curve (AUC), the sensitivity, and the false positive rate for predicting PE. Two-sided p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: In our cohort PE occurred in 5.38 %. Compared with a birthweight discordance of <10 %, a discordance >25 % was identified as a statistically significant independent risk factor for PE development (aOR=1.66; 95 % CI 1.10-2.52; p=0.016). Birthweight discordance between 10 and 25 % was not significantly associated with PE. The AUC for predicting PE with birthweight discordance was significant at 55.2 % (51.6-58.8 %). However, at a birthweight discordance threshold of >25 %, only 10.2 % of pregnant women with PE could be identified with 5.8 % false-positive results. Conclusions: This study revealed that a birthweight discordance >25 % in dichorionic twins significantly increases PE risk.
Ključne besede: ROC analysis, birthweight discordance, dichorionic twin pregnancy, preeclampsia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.05.2026; Ogledov: 123; Prenosov: 122
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5. Gestational diabetes and fetal macrosomia : a dissenting opinionRenata Košir-Pogačnik, Maja Krajec, Marija Batkoska, Andreja Trojner-Bregar, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Objectives: To examine the effect of interaction between parity, overweight/obesity, gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the incidence of fetal macrosomia. Methods: We used a population-based dataset to establish the incidence of macrosomia (birth weight >4000 g) in singleton births at ≥38 weeks' gestation. The cohort included women who were (1) overweight/obese or had normal body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, (2) nulliparous or multiparous, (3) with appropriate or excessive weight gain, and (4) without GDM, with GDM controlled by nonpharmacological treatment (GDM0), or with GDM requiring insulin treatment (GDM1). Results: We examined 129 686 births at ≥38 weeks. The mean gestational age at birth for all subgroup was similar. When compared with a reference incidence for nulliparas with normal pregravid BMI, appropriate weight gain, and without GDM, all variables, except GDM, independently and significantly increased the incidence of neonates weighing >4000 g. The logistic regression analysis found that excessive weight gain, pregravid BMI >25, and parity were the only independent factors associate with birth weight >4000 g. Conclusions: Well-managed GDM is not significantly associated with macrosomia, whereas pre-pregnancy obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, and parity appear to be significant risk factors. These results emphasize the need for effective weight management before and during pregnancy to reduce the risk of fetal overgrowth.
Ključne besede: gestational diabetes, fetal macrosomia, pregnancy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.05.2026; Ogledov: 134; Prenosov: 119
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6. Predicting early preterm delivery and late fetal growth restriction by TNFα : Elektronski virAdi Sharabi-Nov, Vesna Fabjan-Vodušek, Tanja Premru-Sršen, Kristina Kumer, Teja Fabjan, Nataša Tul, Joško Osredkar, Kypros H. Nicolaides, Berthold Huppertz, Hamutal Meiri, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: We evaluated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) in the triage of patients with suspected preterm delivery (PTD), preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and PE+FGR. The study included 125 pregnant women attending high-risk pregnancy clinics for triage of pregnancy complications. There were 31 pure PE cases, 42 cases of PE combined with FGR, 16 pure FGR cases, 15 PTD cases, and 21 term normal delivery controls. Maternal serum TNFα was determined by immune-diagnostic testing. UtA-PI was measured by Doppler sonography. Demographic, medical and pregnancy history, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were extracted from the hospital medical records. Linear regression coefficients, and Box and Whisker plots were calculated and depicted using non-parametric statistics (Kruskal Wallis and Mann–Whitney). Spearman’s regression coefficient assessed marker accuracy; p<0.05 was considered significant. It was found that high TNFα in cases <34 weeks gestation, when coupled to low UtA-PI and normal blood pressure are found in early PTD most likely linked to maternal inflammation. At term, high TNFα combined with high UtA-PI is associated with any FGR (with/without PE), possibly reflecting inflammation and maternal and fetal hypoxia due to the very long period of altered placental perfusion. Accordingly, TNFα, and Doppler UtA-PI could be used for the differential diagnosis of early PTD, and FGR (with/without PE) near delivery.
Ključne besede: fetal growth restriction, gestational week, inflammation, mean arterial blood pressure, placental hypoxia, placental perfusion, preeclampsia, pregnancy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.05.2026; Ogledov: 119; Prenosov: 87
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7. Occurrence of clinically relevant thyroid nodules in adultsKatja Zaletel, Katja Tuta, Tina Ušaj, Katica Bajuk-Studen, Nataša Bedernjak-Bajuk, Miha Jesenko, Tanja Radevska, Edvard Pirnat, Matej Gregorič, Urška Blaznik, Maša Hribar, Igor Pravst, Simona Gaberšček, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: We aimed to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of thyroid nodules in a nationally representative population as well as in women of reproductive age from a geographic area with adequate iodine intake over the last two decades. Patients and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 653 adult participants from three groups: a nationally representative gender-mixed group (205 participants) and women of reproductive age, including non-pregnant (306 participants) and pregnant (142 participants) women. For each participant, demographic data were collected, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured, thyroid volume was estimated, and the presence and size of thyroid nodules were recorded with high-resolution ultrasound. The ultrasound characteristics were analysed. Results: Among the nationally representative participants, nodules were detected in 44.9%, with 39.0% larger than 5 mm and 13.7% larger than 0.5 mL. Among women of reproductive age, nodules were detected in 22.5%, with 14.1% larger than 5 mm and only 2.0% greater than 0.5 mL. The prevalence and size of nodules increased significantly with age in all groups, being significantly lower in non-pregnant women than in pregnant women, who were also older. In non-pregnant women of reproductive age, the number of nodules increased significantly after the age of 25, with the number of nodules larger than 5 mm increasing only after the age of 40. Conclusions: Thyroid nodules are prevalent in the population, but are rarely clinically significant. Therefore, screening for thyroid nodules in asymptomatic individuals with normal thyroid findings on clinical examination should be avoided.
Ključne besede: pregnancy, reproductive period, thyroid nodule
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.04.2026; Ogledov: 215; Prenosov: 165
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8. Herpes simplex virus 1 encephalitis in first trimester of pregnancy : a case reportMatej Furlan, Miha Lučovnik, Nina Grasselli Kmet, 2026, drugi znanstveni članki Povzetek: Encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) has been described in pregnancy, but it’s rare, with less than 20 cases being described in peer-reviewed literature. Physiologic changes in immune response during pregnancy influence the course of HSV-1 encephalitis (HSVE) and predispose pregnant women to severe complications. We present a case of herpetic encephalitis in a 12-weeks pregnant patient. In our patient neurologic condition deteriorated despite early diagnosis, appropriate antiviral and antiepileptic treatment, and suppurative neurocritical care, respectively. Disease progression stopped and the patient’s condition improved after pregnancy termination. Improvement could be a consequence of multiple factors, including delayed therapeutic effect of antiviral treatment, the impact of intensive care management, seizure control, and the possibility of spontaneous recovery as part of the natural disease course, respectively. This case highlights the potential severity of HSV-1 in early pregnancy and underscores the importance of multidisciplinary management and individualized decision-making in complex clinical situations.
Ključne besede: herpes simplex virus, encephalitis, pregnancy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.04.2026; Ogledov: 208; Prenosov: 198
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9. Four years on : pregnancy and birth outcomes reported in the MSBase pregnancy, neonatal outcomes, and Women's Health Registry (2020-2024)Vilija G. Jokubaitis, Raed Alroughani, Ayse Altintas, Sara Eichau, Stella Hughes, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: Family planning is an important aspect of multiple sclerosis (MS), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) management. Knowledge gaps remain, including optimal perinatal management strategies, and fetal risks associated with disease-modifying therapy (DMT) exposure. Objective: To describe perinatal DMT use, together with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes prospectively recorded in the International MSBase Pregnancy and Women's Health Registry. Methods: We report summary statistics for data collected between May 2020 and August 2024. Results: A total of 1887 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 12 primary-progressive MS (PPMS), 2 radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) and 21 NMOSD completed pregnancies were recorded, including 1644 (85.5%) live births, 208 (10.8%) miscarriages, and 6 (0.3%) neonatal deaths. Most women had unassisted (53.8%) or assisted (7.4%) vaginal births. Seventy five percent of pregnancies had DMT exposures within 6 months preconception; 19% of NMOSD, and 62% of MS pregnancies were DMT-exposed during gestation; 18.1% of pregnancies reported in-pregnancy monoclonal antibody DMT exposure. No overt safety signals were seen. Conclusion: This first report from the newly launched MSBase pregnancy registry, establishes an increasing number of pregnancies being conceived on monoclonal antibody therapies. Although no safety signals were observed, it is important to continue monitoring for safety signals in real-world databases as the use of highly effective therapies continues to increase perinatally.
Ključne besede: multiple slerosis, disease-modifying therapy, neonatal outcomes, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, pregnancy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.03.2026; Ogledov: 234; Prenosov: 149
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10. Serum vitamin D and inflammatory markers in SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant womenVita Andreja Mesarič, Tanja Premru-Sršen, Gorazd Kavšek, Ivan Verdenik, Aleksandra Štrukelj, Mirjam Druškovič, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Objectives: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was declared by World Health Organisation (WHO) in March 2020, causing health and economic disruptions and millions of deaths. Pregnant women represent a vulnerable group, as COVID-19 during pregnancy increases the risk of preterm birth, preeclampsia, and severe maternal illness. Nutritional status, such as vitamin D deficiency, may influence these outcomes, yet data on its status in the cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women as well as its association with inflammatory and angiogenic markers is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of vitamin D in the cohort of SARSCoV- 2 positive pregnant women and its association with inflammatory and angiogenic markers. Methods: Prospective cohort study at Ljubljana Maternity Hospital (Oct 1, 2020–Mar 30, 2021) enrolled singleton pregnancies with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 within the last 14 days, delivering at our institution. Results: Among 235 SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women 62.1% had adequate and 21.3% insufficient level of vitamin D and 13.6%were vitaminDdeficient. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlations between 25-OH-vitamin D and Creactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), leukocyte count, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, or body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: Our prospective cohort study revealed that high proportion of pregnant women has inadequate levels of vitamin D. Although maternal insufficiency is linked to adverse outcomes, its association with inflammatory and angiogenic markers remains unclear. Rigorous studies in pregnancy are essential to clarify vitamin D’s role in COVID-19 complications in pregnancy.
Ključne besede: COVID-19, pandemic, pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2, vitamin D deficiency, inflammation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.03.2026; Ogledov: 298; Prenosov: 208
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