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Iskalni niz: "ključne besede" (population-survival) .

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1.
Clustering of field maple populations from different ecological conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina based on discriminant analysis of morphological traits
Stjepan Kvesić, Dalibor Ballian, Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Acer campestre L. is naturally distributed in most of Europe. The species can serve as a valuable model for researching the sensitivity of populations to habitat fragmentation. This research aims to determine whether there is a differentiation of field maple populations based on their division by ecological-vegetation regions, precipitation amounts, temperatures, and altitudes of the populations. The material was collected from 25 populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from different ecological-vegetation areas, with twelve trees per population and five fruits and ten leaves per tree. Then, 10 fruit properties and 19 leaf properties were analyzed. A discriminant analysis was performed for population groups based on the ecological-vegetation area, amount of precipitation, average annual air temperature and altitude. The discriminant analysis results showed the distinguishing of groups of populations in the sub-Mediterranean area, and groups of populations with an average annual temperature of 14.00 to 15.99 °C. There was no clear separation of the groups according to the average annual precipitation or altitude. The analysis of the connection established that the influence of environmental factors is more pronounced compared to geographical factors. The key ecological variable that determines morphological separation was temperature and to a lesser extent precipitation. The results of this research will be used in planning of afforestation of suitable, unvegetated land and extreme habitats in the southern and southwestern parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina with Acer campestre.
Ključne besede: Acer campestre, discriminant analysis, ecological-vegetation reionization, population groups differentiation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.03.2024; Ogledov: 59; Prenosov: 33
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,11 MB)
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2.
Monitoring of species’ genetic diversity in Europe varies greatly and overlooks potential climate change impacts
Peter Pearman, Olivier Broennimann, Tsipe Aavik, Tamer Albayrak, Paulo Célio Alves, Filipos Aravanopoulos, Laura Bertola, Aleksandra Biedrzycka, Elena Bužan, Vlatka Čubrić Čurik, Katja Kavčič Sonnenschein, Marjana Westergren, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Genetic monitoring of populations currently attracts interest in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity but needs long-term planning and investments. However, genetic diversity has been largely neglected in biodiversity monitoring, and when addressed, it is treated separately, detached from other conservation issues, such as habitat alteration due to climate change. We report an accounting of efforts to monitor population genetic diversity in Europe (genetic monitoring effort, GME), the evaluation of which can help guide future capacity building and collaboration towards areas most in need of expanded monitoring. Overlaying GME with areas where the ranges of selected species of conservation interest approach current and future climate niche limits helps identify whether GME coincides with anticipated climate change effects on biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that country area, financial resources and conservation policy influence GME, high values of which only partially match species’ joint patterns of limits to suitable climatic conditions. Populations at trailing climatic niche margins probably hold genetic diversity that is important for adaptation to changing climate. Our results illuminate the need in Europe for expanded investment in genetic monitoring across climate gradients occupied by focal species, a need arguably greatest in southeastern European countries. This need could be met in part by expanding the European Union’s Birds and Habitats Directives to fully address the conservation and monitoring of genetic diversity.
Ključne besede: genetics, monitoring, population genetic diversity, Europe
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.01.2024; Ogledov: 188; Prenosov: 73
.pdf Celotno besedilo (7,53 MB)
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3.
Between but not within-species variation in the distribution of fitness effects
Jennifer James, Chedly Kastallya, Katharina Budde, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Pascal Milesi, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, Martin Lascoux, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is, therefore, of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, that is whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterized the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence, and genetic background. We find statistical support for the presence of variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and those evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact.
Ključne besede: DFE, deleterious mutations, population structure, forest trees
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.12.2023; Ogledov: 203; Prenosov: 86
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,15 MB)
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4.
Cancer patients’ survival according to socioeconomic environment in a high-income country with universal health coverage
Vesna Zadnik, Tina Žagar, Sonja Tomšič, Ana Mihor, Katarina Lokar, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Despite having an established systematic approach to population survival estimation in Slovenia, the influence of socioeconomic environment on cancer patients’ survival has not yet been evaluated. Thus, the main aim of our study was to quantify the potential impact of socioeconomic environment on cancer patients’ survival in our population in the 21st century. The net survival was calculated and stratified into quintiles of Slovenian version of the European Deprivation Index for all adult cancer patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2018 using the national cancer registry data. After accounting for basic demographic variables (age and gender), differences in stage at diagnosis, as well as the impact of the cancer treatment improvements over time, we found that cancer patients in Slovenia with lower socioeconomic status experience worse survival and have higher mortality. In particular, the odds of dying from oral, stomach, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, lung, breast, ovarian, corpus uteri, prostate, and bladder cancers, as well as for melanoma, leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, are significantly higher in the socioeconomically most deprived group of patients compared to the most affluent group. The inequalities in cancer burden we found could help decision-makers to better understand the magnitude of this problem.
Ključne besede: cancer, population-survival, socioeconomic deprivation, cancer registry
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.09.2022; Ogledov: 410; Prenosov: 235
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,06 MB)
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5.
Mortality, seasonal variation, and susceptibility to acute exacerbation of COPD in the pandemic year : a nationwide population study
Irena Šarc, Aleša Lotrič Dolinar, Tina Morgan, Jože Sambt, Kristina Ziherl, Dalibor Gavrić, Julij Šelb, Aleš Rozman, Petra Došenović Bonča, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Background: Previous studies have suggested that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with a decreased rate of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Data on how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced mortality, seasonality of, and susceptibility to AECOPD in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) population is scarce. Methods: We conducted a national population-based retrospective study using data from the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia from 2015 to February 2021, with 2015–2019 as the reference. We extracted patient and healthcare data for AECOPD, dividing AECOPD into severe, resulting in hospitalisation, and moderate, requiring outpatient care. The national COPD population was generated based on dispensed prescriptions of inhalation therapies, and moderate AECOPD events were analysed based on dispensed AECOPD medications. We extracted data on all-cause and non-COVID mortality. Results: The numbers of severe and moderate AECOPD were reduced by 48% and 34%, respectively, in 2020. In the pandemic year, the seasonality of AECOPD was reversed, with a 1.5-fold higher number of severe AECOPD in summer compared to winter. The proportion of frequent exacerbators (2 AECOPD hospitalisations per year) was reduced by 9% in 2020, with a 30% reduction in repeated severe AECOPD in frequent exacerbators and a 34% reduction in persistent frequent exacerbators (2 AECOPD hospitalisations per year for 2 consecutive years) from 2019. The risk of two or more moderate AECOPD decreased by 43% in 2020. In the multivariate model, pandemic year follow-up was the only independent factor associated with a decreased risk for severe AECOPD (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.84; p < 0.0001). In 2020, non-COVID mortality decreased (−15%) and no excessive mortality was observed in the COPD population. Conclusion: In the pandemic year, we found decreased susceptibility to AECOPD across severity spectrum of COPD, reversed seasonal distribution of severe AECOPD and decreased non-COVID mortality in the COPD population.
Ključne besede: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- mortality, pandemics, seasons, exacerbation, acute exacerbation, seasonal variations, population study
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.03.2022; Ogledov: 566; Prenosov: 328
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6.
Using genomic information for management planning of an endangered perennial, Viola uliginosa
Kyung Min Lee, Pertti Ranta, Jarmo Saarikivi, Lado Kutnar, Branko Vreš, Maxim Dzhus, Marko Mutanen, Laura Kvist, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Species occupying habitats subjected to frequent natural and/or anthropogenic changes are a challenge for conservation management. We studied one such species, Viola uliginosa, an endangered perennial wetland species typically inhabiting sporadi-cally flooded meadows alongside rivers/lakes. In order to estimate genomic diversity, population structure, and history, we sampled five sites in Finland, three in Estonia, and one each in Slovenia, Belarus, and Poland using genomic SNP data with double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). We found mono-phyletic populations, high levels of inbreeding (mean population FSNP = 0.407-0.945), low effective population sizes (Ne = 0.8-50.9), indications of past demographic ex-pansion, and rare long-distance dispersal. Our results are important in implementing conservation strategies for V. uliginosa, which should include founding of seed banks, ex situ cultivations, and reintroductions with individuals of proper origin, combined with continuous population monitoring and habitat management.
Ključne besede: nature conservation, demography, genomic diversity, population genomics, RAD sequencing, Viola
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.01.2022; Ogledov: 800; Prenosov: 646
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,49 MB)
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7.
Reconstruction of brown bear population dynamics in Slovenia in the period 1998-2019 : ǂa ǂnew approach combining genetics and long-term mortality data
Klemen Jerina, Andrés Ordiz, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Reliable data and methods for assessing changes in wildlife population size over time are necessary for management and conservation. For most species, assessing abundance is an expensive and labor-intensive task that is not affordable on a frequent basis. We present a novel approach to reconstructing brown bear population dynamics in Slovenia in the period 1998-2019, based on the combination of two CMR non-invasive genetic estimates (in 2007 and 2015) and long-term mortality records, to show how the latter can help the study of population dynamics in combination with point-in-time estimates. The spring (i.e. including newborn cubs) population size estimate was 383 (CI: 336-432) bears in 1998 and 971 (CI: 825-1161) bears in 2019. In this period, the average annual population growth rate was 4.5 %. The predicted population size differed by just 7 % from the non-invasive genetic size estimate after eight years, suggesting that the method is reliable. It can predict the evolution of the population size under different management scenarios and provide information on key parameters, e.g. background mortality and the sex- and age-structure of the population. Our approach can be used for several other wildlife species, but it requires reliable mortality data over time.
Ključne besede: genetic estimates of population size, mortality records, population monitoring, population size, predictive modelling, brown bear
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.03.2021; Ogledov: 4006; Prenosov: 2345
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1005,41 KB)
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8.
Current practice of airway stenting in the adult population in Europe : a survey of the European Association of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (EABIP)
H. Dutau, D. Breen, António Bugalho, L. Dalar, J. Daniels, C. Dooms, R. Eberhardt, L. Ek, M. Encheva, Aleš Rozman, 2018, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Background: Airway stenting (AS) commenced in Europe circa 1987 with the first placement of a dedicated silicone airway stent. Subsequently, over the last 3 decades, AS was spread throughout Europe, using different insertion techniques and different types of stents. Objectives: This study is an international survey conducted by the European Association of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (EABIP) focusing on AS practice within 26 European countries. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all EABIP National Delegates in February 2015. National delegates were responsible for obtaining precise and objective data regarding the current AS practice in their country. The deadline for data collection was February 2016. Results: France, Germany, and the UK are the 3 leading countries in terms of number of centres performing AS. These 3 nations represent the highest ranked nations within Europe in terms of gross national income. Overall, pulmonologists perform AS exclusively in 5 countries and predominately in 12. AS is performed almost exclusively in public hospitals. AS performed under general anaesthesia is the rule for the majority of institutions, and local anaesthesia is an alternative in 9 countries. Rigid bronchoscopy techniques are predominant in 20 countries. Amongst commercially available stents, both Dumon and Ultraflex are by far the most commonly deployed. Finally, 11 countries reported that AS is an economically viable activity, while 10 claimed that it is not. Conclusion: This EABIP survey demonstrates that there is significant heterogeneity in AS practice within Europe. Therapeutic bronchoscopy training and economic issues/reimbursement for procedures are likely to be the primary reasons explaining these findings.
Ključne besede: pulmonary medicine, bronchoscopy, bronchoscopes, stents, airway stenting, adult population, rigid bronchoscopes, flexible bronchoscopes
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.12.2020; Ogledov: 1077; Prenosov: 495
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9.
Sensitivity analysis, calibration and validation of a phenology model for Pityogenes chalcographus (CHAPY)
Nikica Ogris, Mitja Ferlan, Tine Hauptman, Roman Pavlin, Andreja Kavčič, Maja Jurc, Maarten De Groot, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: A phenology model of Pityogenes chalcographus was developed. The model quite accurately simulates the seasonal dynamics of P. chalcographus. Sensitivity analysis revealed the most influential parameters. CHAPY was calibrated and validated for Slovenia. Development of the model revealed several knowledge gaps.
Ključne besede: six-toothed spruce bark beetle, insect outbreak, population dynamics, voltinism, ecological modelling, pheromone trap, trap tree, monitoring
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.06.2020; Ogledov: 1983; Prenosov: 1132
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,35 MB)
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10.
Calculation procedure for RITY-A phenology model of Ips typographus
Nikica Ogris, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: The RITY-2 phenology model was developed for the spatiotemporal simulation of the seasonal development of European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus . RITY-2 is based on the PHENIPS model and was developed through improving PHENIPS with innovative approaches and calibrating and validating it for Slovenia. RITY-2 predictions are based on air temperatures from Integrated Nowcasting through a Comprehensive Analysis (INCA) system, which is used to calculate the effective bark temperature for beetle development. In this paper we describe the calculation procedure for RITY-2.
Ključne besede: European spruce bark beetle, phenology, ecological modelling, voltinism, population dynamics
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.03.2020; Ogledov: 1664; Prenosov: 1003
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,13 MB)
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