1. Cestum veneris Lesueur, 1813 (Ctenophora) : a Rare Guest in the Northern Adriatic SeaManja Rogelja, Martin Vodopivec, Alenka Malej, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: We report the occurrence of the ctenophore Cestum veneris Lesueur, 1813 in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea). Three individuals were found in March 2022, representing the first documented record in the scientific literature in more than 130 years. They were observed and photographed in the sea, and two specimens were brought to the Piran Aquarium, where their behaviour was observed. Historical and recent literature on the occurrence of this species in the Adriatic Sea was reviewed. The occurrence in the Gulf of Trieste is likely related to the transport of C. veneris with the currents, and therefore we present simulation results for the period January-February. Despite the relatively rare detections near the coast, this species is probably widespread in the offshore waters of the central and southern Adriatic.
Ključne besede: winter gelatinous plankton, Ctenophora, distribution, Gulf of Trieste
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.07.2026; Ogledov: 154; Prenosov: 95
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2. Machine learning predictions for microbial eukaryotic plankton: implications from unevenly structured dataChristian Marchese, Maria Laura Zoffoli, Pierre Ramond, Timotej Turk Dermastia, Tinkara Tinta, Ramiro Logares, Pierre E. Galand, Emanuele Organelli, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Machine learning models provide a scalable approach for predicting the diversity of eukaryotic microbial plankton from environmental predictors. However, the extent to which these models generalize to data outside the training set remains poorly quantified. In this study, XGBoost was used to predict the 18S rRNA gene Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) from seven environmental predictors derived from satellite and model data. Surface samples were collected between 2001 and 2025 at two fixed stations in the northwestern Mediterranean (BBMO and SOLA), one fixed station in the northern Adriatic Sea (VIDA), and during the HOTMIX expedition, which sampled an east-west open-sea transect across the Mediterranean Sea. Model performance was assessed using standard repeated K-fold cross-validation (CV), Leave-One-Dataset-Out CV (LODO-CV), and a blocked spatiotemporal CV that combined LODO with temporal forward chaining. Under standard K-fold CV, the model showed moderate performance (R² = 0.44, RMSE = 0.59). In contrast, performance declined substantially under LODO-CV (R² = 0.09, RMSE = 0.73), with uniformly low per-dataset generalization, a pattern also observed with blocked spatiotemporal CV. VIDA and HOTMIX sampled environmental regimes distinct from those at BBMO and SOLA, which may partly explain their poor transferability. Additionally, BBMO and SOLA, despite similar environmental conditions, exhibited poor transferability, indicating that technical differences among independently collected 18S rRNA datasets likely constrain transferability, although their effects cannot be disentangled from environmental variation. Overall, these results highlight the limitations of imbalanced training data and underscore the importance of spatially explicit evaluation, protocol standardization, and environmentally representative coverage.
Ključne besede: cross-validation, data leakage, eukaryotic plankton, machine learning, marine biodiversity, Mediterranean Sea, omics, shannon diversity index
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.07.2026; Ogledov: 186; Prenosov: 105
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3. Določanje dobrega okoljskega stanja. Poročilo za člen 9 Okvirne direktive o morski strategiji : zaključno poročilo 2012Martina Orlando-Bonaca, Lovrenc Lipej, Alenka Malej, Janja Francé, Branko Čermelj, Oliver Bajt, Nives Kovač, Borut Mavrič, Valentina Turk, Patricija Mozetič, Andreja Ramšak, Tjaša Kogovšek, Milijan Šiško, Vesna Flander-Putrle, Mateja Grego, Tinkara Tinta, Boris Petelin, Martin Vodopivec, Maja Jeromel, Urška Martinčič, Vlado Malačič, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: Deskriptor 1: Biotska raznovrstnost se ohranja. Kakovost in prisotnost habitatov ter razporeditev in številčnost vrst so v skladu s prevladujočimi fiziografskimi, geografskimi in podnebnimi pogoji.
»Presojo je treba opraviti na več ekoloških ravneh: na ravni ekosistemov, habitatov (vključno z njimi povezanimi združbami na nivoju biotopov) in vrst, ki so upoštevane v strukturi tega dela ob upoštevanju točke 2 dela A. Za nekatere vidike tega deskriptorja je potrebna dodatna znanstvena in tehnična podpora. Pri obravnavi širšega obsega deskriptorja je treba ob upoštevanju Priloge III k Direktivi 2008/56/ES določiti prioritete med elementi biotske raznovrstnosti (vrste, habitati in ekosistemi). To omogoča prepoznavanje tistih elementov in območij, kjer vplivi in grožnje nastajajo, poleg tega pa podpira opredelitev ustreznih kazalcev med izbranimi merili, primernimi za zadevna območja in elemente biotske raznovrstnosti. Obveznost regionalnega sodelovanja iz členov 5 in 6 Direktive 2008/56/ES je neposredno povezana z izbiro elementov biotske raznovrstnosti znotraj regij, podregij in pododdelkov, kjer je mogoče, pa tudi z vzpostavitvijo referenčnih razmer v skladu s Prilogo IV k Direktivi 2008/56/ES. Modeliranje z uporabo platforme geografskega informacijskega sistema je lahko uporabna podlaga za določanje območja razširjenosti elementov biotske raznovrstnosti ter človekovih dejavnosti in pritiskov zaradi teh dejavnosti, ob upoštevanju, da se vse mogoče zajete napake ustrezno ocenijo in opišejo ob uporabi rezultatov. Ti podatki so pogoj za ekosistemsko upravljanje človekovih dejavnosti in za razvoj s tem povezanih prostorskih orodij.«
Ključne besede: morje, obalno morje, onesnaževanje morja, plankton, hranilne snovi, ekološki parametri, onesnažila, onesnaževalci, biocenoze, okvirna direktiva o morski strategiji, poročila, onesnaženost, kvaliteta okolja, morska strategija, deskriptorji
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.09.2024; Ogledov: 2305; Prenosov: 1365
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4. Strokovne podlage za implementacijo Okvirne direktive o morski strategiji (2008/56/ES) : zaključno poročilo 2013Martina Orlando-Bonaca, Oliver Bajt, Branko Čermelj, Damir Deželjin, Janja Francé, Tjaša Kogovšek, Nives Kovač, Lovrenc Lipej, Vlado Malačič, Alenka Malej, Borut Mavrič, Patricija Mozetič, Andreja Ramšak, Milijan Šiško, Tinkara Tinta, Valentina Turk, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Povzetek: V obdobju od 1. septembra do 20. decembra 2013 smo na Morski biološki postaji Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo zelo intenzivno delali na nalogah 1.4.3 (pisanje predloga programa spremljanja stanja za stalno presojo okoljskega stanja in razvoj potrebnih metodologij) in 1.4.7 (priprava podatkovne baze v skladu z zahtevami Evropske Komisije) projektne naloge za izdelavo strokovnih podlag za implementacijo Okvirne direktive o morski strategiji (2008/56/ES) v letu 2013. Z naročnikom smo sodelovali tudi pri nalogi 1.4.4 (priprava vsebin za sodelovanje z javnostmi). K sodelovanju pri nalogah 1.4.1 (sodelovanje pri nadaljnjem poročanju Evropski Komisiji), 1.4.2 (nadaljevanje kvantifikacije okoljskih ciljnih vrednosti), 1.4.5 (usklajevanje z državami regije in podregije), 1.4.6 (zagotovitev strokovne podpore Ministrstvu za kmetijstvo in okolje pri pripravi programov ukrepov), ki predstavljajo delo z naročnikom in drugimi inštitucijami, v tem obdobju nismo bili pozvani.
Ključne besede: morje, obalno morje, onesnaževanje morja, plankton, hranilne snovi, ekološki parametri, implementacije, strokovne podlage, onesnažila, onesnaževalci, biocenoze, okvirna direktiva o morski strategiji, Okvirna vodna direktiva, poročila, onesnaženost, kvaliteta okolja, deskriptorji
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.09.2024; Ogledov: 1586; Prenosov: 1174
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5. Structural and functional responses of harpacticoid copepods to anoxia in the Northern Adriatic: an experimental approachMarleen Roelofs, Marleen De Troch, Bettina Riedel, Mateja Grego, 2013, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Combined in situ and laboratory studies were conducted to document the effects of anoxia on the structure and functioning of meiobenthic communities, with special focus on harpacticoid copepods. In a first step, anoxia was created artificially by means of an underwater chamber at 24 m depth in the Northern Adriatic, Gulf of Trieste (Mediterranean). Nematodes were found as the most abundant taxon, followed by harpacticoid copepods. While nematode densities were not affected by treatment (anoxia/normoxia) or sediment depth, these factors had a significant impact on copepod abundances. Harpacticoid copepod family diversity, in contrast, was not affected by anoxic conditions, only by depth. Ectinosomatidae and Cletodidae were most abundant in both normoxic and anoxic samples.
The functional response of harpacticoid copepods to anoxia was studied in a laboratory tracer experiment by adding 13C pre-labelled diatoms to sediment cores in order to test (1) if there is a difference in food uptake by copepods under normoxic and anoxic conditions and (2) whether initial (normoxia) feeding of harpacticoid copepods on diatoms results in a better survival of copepods in subsequent anoxic conditions. Independent of the addition of diatoms, there was a higher survival rate in normoxia than anoxia. The supply of additional food did not result in a higher survival rate of copepods in anoxia, which might be explained by the presence of a nutritionally better food source and/or a lack of starvation before adding the diatoms. However, there was a reduced grazing pressure by copepods on diatoms in anoxic conditions. This resulted in a modified fatty acid composition of the sediment. We concluded that anoxia not only impacts the survival of consumers (direct effect) but also of primary producers (indirect effect), with important implications for the recovery phase.
Ključne besede: morje, plankton, kopepodi, živalski plankton, trofični status, morski plankton, harpaktikoidi, anoksije
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.08.2024; Ogledov: 1663; Prenosov: 1142
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6. CellTracker Green labelling vs. Rose Bengal staining: CTG wins by points in distinguishing living from dead anoxia-impacted copepods and nematodsMateja Grego, Michael Stachowitsch, Marleen De Troch, Bettina Riedel, 2013, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Hypoxia and anoxia have become a key threat to shallow coastal seas. Much is known about their impact on macrofauna, less on meiofauna. In an attempt to shed more light on the latter group, in particular from a process-oriented view, we experimentally induced short-term anoxia (1 week) in the northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean) and examined the two most abundant meiofauna taxa – harpacticoid copepods and nematodes. Both taxa also represent different ends of the tolerance spectrum, with copepods being the most sensitive and nematodes among the most tolerant. We compared two methods: CellTracker Green (CTG) – new labelling approach for meiofauna – with the traditional rose bengal (RB) staining method. CTG binds to active enzymes and therefore colours live organisms only. The two methods show considerable differences in the number of living and dead individuals of both meiofauna taxa. Generally, RB will stain dead but not yet decomposed copepods and nematodes equally as it does live ones. Specifically, RB significantly overestimated the number of living copepods in all sediment layers in anoxic samples, but not in any normoxic samples. In contrast, for nematodes, the methods did not show such a clear difference between anoxia and normoxia. RB overestimated the number of living nematodes in the top sediment layer of normoxic samples, which implies an overestimation of the overall live nematofauna. For monitoring and biodiversity studies, the RB method might be sufficient, but for more precise quantification of community degradation, especially after an oxygen depletion event, CTG labelling is a better tool. Moreover, it clearly highlights the surviving species within the copepod or nematode community. As already accepted for foraminiferal research, we demonstrate that the CTG labelling is also valid for other meiofauna groups.
Ključne besede: morje, plankton, kopepodi, živalski plankton, trofični status, morski plankton, CTG, CellTracker Green
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 02.08.2024; Ogledov: 1364; Prenosov: 775
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7. Temperature dependence of planktonic metabolism in the subtropical North Atlantic OceanL.S. Garcia-Corral, E. Barber, A. Regaudie-de_Gioux, S. Sal, J.M. Holding, S. Agusti, N. Navarro, P. Serret, Patricija Mozetič, Carlos M. Duarte, 2014, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The temperature dependence of planktonic metabolism in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean was assessed on the basis of measurements of gross primary production (GPP), community respiration (CR) and net community production (NCP), as well as experimental assessments of the response of CR to temperature manipulations. Metabolic rates were measured at 68 stations along three consecutive longitudinal transects completed during the Malaspina 2010 Expedition, in three different seasons. Temperature gradients were observed in depth and at basin and seasonal scale. The results showed seasonal variability in the metabolic rates, the highest rates being observed during the spring transect. The overall mean integrated GPP / CR ratio was 1.39 ± 0.27 decreasing from winter to summer, and the NCP for the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean during the cruises exhibits net autotrophy (NCP > 0) in about two-thirds (66%) of the total sampled communities. Also, we reported the activation energies describing the temperature dependence of planktonic community metabolism, which was generally higher for CR than for GPP in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, as the metabolic theory of ecology predicts. Furthermore, we made a comparison of activation energies describing the responses to in situ temperature in the field (EaCR = 1.64 ± 0.36 eV) and those derived experimentally by temperature manipulations (EaCR = 1.45 ± 0.6 eV), which showed great consistency.
Ključne besede: morje, plankton, fitoplankton, klorofil, trofični status, anoksije
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 01.08.2024; Ogledov: 1236; Prenosov: 1307
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8. A MSFD complementary approach for the assessment of pressures, knowledge and data gaps in Southern European Seas: The PERSEUS experienceAlenka Malej, Alessandro Crise, H. Kaberi, J. Ruiz, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: PERSEUS project aims to identify the most relevant pressures exerted on the ecosystems of the Southern European Seas (SES), highlighting knowledge and data gaps that endanger the achievement of SES Good Environmental Status (GES) as mandated by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). A complementary approach has been adopted, by a meta-analysis of existing literature on pressure/impact/knowledge gaps summarized in tables related to the MSFD descriptors, discriminating open waters from coastal areas. A comparative assessment of the Initial Assessments (IAs) for five SES countries has been also independently performed. The comparison between meta-analysis results and IAs shows similarities for coastal areas only. Major knowledge gaps have been detected for the biodiversity, marine food web, marine litter and underwater noise descriptors. The meta-analysis also allowed the identification of additional research themes targeting research topics that are requested to the achievement of GES
Ključne besede: morje, plankton, PERSEUS, MSFD, kvaliteta morskega okolja, evropske direktive, okoljski indikatorji, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Southern European Seas, Good Environmental status, PERSEUS project, Initial assessment
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.07.2024; Ogledov: 1425; Prenosov: 811
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9. Biodiversity patterns of cyanobacterial oligotypes in lakes and rivers : results of a large-scale metabarcoding survey in the Alpine regionNico Salmaso, Serena Bernabei, Adriano Boscaini, Camilla Capelli, Leonardo Cerasino, Isabelle Domaizon, Tina Eleršek, Claudia Greco, Aleksandra Krivograd-Klemenčič, Paolo Tomassetti, Rainer Kurmayer, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: In this work, we characterised the cyanobacterial communities in the plankton and littoral biofilm of 38 lakes and in the biofilm of 21 rivers in the Alps and surrounding subalpine regions by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. We found little overlap in the distribution of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) between the three habitats and between water bodies. The differences were caused by environmental filtering acting on the selection of the most abundant ASVs and a high contribution of rare oligotypes. The differentiation of community and genotype composition from specific water bodies was explained to a significant extent by environmental variables and morphometry. The taxonomic consistency of ASVs classified under the same genus name was assessed by phylogenetic analyses performed on three representative dominant genera, namely Cyanobium, Tychonema and Planktothrix. The analyses revealed eco-evolutionary adaptations in lakes and rivers, including some evidence for a polyphyletic nature. Monitoring individual genotypes in relation to environmental conditions will be useful to define the ecological amplitude of these taxa. However, the persistence or ephemeral nature of some of the rarest and most unusual ASVs has remained unknown.
Ključne besede: plankton, littoral, bioflm, European Alps, phylogenetic analysis, toxigenic cyanobacteria
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.07.2024; Ogledov: 1587; Prenosov: 900
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