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Povzetek: Children undergoing cancer treatment face repeated, prolonged hospitalisations carrying substantial risks of psychological distress, social isolation, and impaired development. Volunteers offering structured non-medical activities are widely employed to complement professional psychosocial care in paediatric oncology settings, yet empirical evidence examining their role specifically—as distinct from professionally delivered psychosocial interventions—remains sparse. This narrative review, conducted in accordance with SANRA criteria and drawing on a structured search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar (2000–2025), supplemented by a targeted verification search in July 2026, synthesises the theoretical and preliminary empirical basis for volunteer involvement, critically evaluates associated clinical risks, and proposes evidence-informed recommendations for paediatric oncology clinical practice. Three theoretical frameworks provide the conceptual grounding for volunteer activities: developmental psychological models (Piaget; Erikson), stress and coping theory (Lazarus and Folkman), and the biopsychosocial model (Engel). Indirect empirical evidence—derived predominantly from professionally delivered interventions—supports short-term benefits of structured distraction, play, and social activities on procedural anxiety, pain experience, and sense of social inclusion; the sole study examining volunteer-facilitated activities specifically in paediatric oncology reported meaningful reductions in distress and high family satisfaction. Eight categories of clinical risk are identified, including physical and psychological overload, erosion of child autonomy, suppression of authentic emotional expression, and inadequate coordination with healthcare staff. Six practice recommendations are proposed, centred on a working definition of the volunteer role, mandatory pre-access training, genuine individualisation including cultural adaptation, multidisciplinary-team-led coordination, and structured programme evaluation. Volunteer involvement can meaningfully complement professional psychosocial care when delivered within a structured, supervised, and multidisciplinary-team-coordinated framework. The paediatric oncology team occupies a pivotal role in realising the potential benefits while safeguarding children from associated risks. Prospective research employing standardised volunteer programme definitions and validated child-reported outcome measures is urgently needed to build an evidence base commensurate with the clinical importance of this practice.
Ključne besede: paediatric oncology, hospitalised children, volunteers, psychosocial support, cancer nursing, play interventions, distraction, clinical recommendations
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.08.2026; Ogledov: 220; Prenosov: 146
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Povzetek: Background: Diagnostic paradigms for salivary gland disorders have undergone a radical transformation, shifting from purely morphological descriptions toward multi-parametric tissue characterization. This review evaluates the clinical efficacy of advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, specifically quantitative T2 mapping and arterial spin labelling (ASL), in order to provide objective biomarkers for glandular pathophysiology. The use of pseudocontinuous ASL (pCASL) for non-invasive perfusion assessment and multi-dynamic multi-echo (MDME) sequences for quantitative mapping was highlighted in a methodical synthesis of recent research. Quantitative T2 mapping demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy in identifying glandular dysfunction; patients with hyposalivation exhibit significantly elevated T2 relaxation times (mean 91.85 ± 8.24 ms) compared to healthy controls (mean 80.69 ± 6.42 ms, p < 0.0001). ASL imaging reveals that parotid glands in Sjögren’s syndrome are hyperemic at rest (59.2 ± 22.8 mL/min/100g) but shows dysfunctional microvascular regulation after stimulation. Furthermore, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values effectively differentiate pleomorphic adenomas (> 1.4 × 10–3 mm2/s) from malignant lesions. Conclusions: Advanced MRI provides robust, non-invasive metrics for monitoring radiation-induced damage and assessing the restorative impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). By facilitating the shift to precision radiology in head and neck medicine, these technologies greatly improve patient quality of life and therapeutic planning.
Ključne besede: salivary glands, xerostomia, MRI, perfusion imaging, difusion imaging, hyperbaric oxygen, radiology, oncology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 18.06.2026; Ogledov: 304; Prenosov: 200
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Povzetek: Introduction National Cancer Control Programmes (NCCPs) are essential policy documents guiding national cancer control planning. Their existence and quality are crucial for reducing cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality, and for improving the quality of life of people with cancer and the population. The main aim of the present research, conducted within OriON Joint Action (2024–2025), was to explore and analyse the state of play, type, duration, evaluation, and quality of NCCPs across the European Union (EU) and selected countries, with a focus on the inclusion of key elements outlined in the European Guide for Quality NCCPs (Guide). Methods A structured survey was prepared, validated, and carried out in 2024 across 34 countries, including EU Member States, Iceland, Montenegro, Norway, Turkey, and Ukraine. The results were analysed and presented in tables and figures. Descriptive analysis using frequencies and percentages was conducted. Results The response rate was 100%. Of the 34 participating countries, 31 reported having an NCCP or equivalent cancer control document in 2024. Most countries had 1 comprehensive document, while 9 prepared multiple documents. The majority were defined as programmes and/or strategies, followed by plans and policies. In terms of quality, as recommended by the Guide, only 6 countries fully incorporated all suggested elements into their NCCPs. Conclusions Our findings indicate that most European countries recognise the significant challenge posed by cancer as a major public health problem and have developed NCCPs or equivalent cancer control documents. However, in terms of quality, there remains considerable room for improvement.
Ključne besede: cancer control, oriON joint, action, national cancer control programmes, oncology, cancer, Europe
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.06.2026; Ogledov: 289; Prenosov: 324
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Povzetek: Background: Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) provides valuable information to guide treatment decisions in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) after systemic anticancer therapy (SACT). The rising incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the substantial impact of SACT on overall survival suggest a higher prevalence of RCC patients with reduced nephron mass and a solitary kidney (SK) requiring PRB for AKI. However, safety data on SK biopsies are scarce, and the potential for dialysis-requiring complications may deter clinicians. Methods: This retrospective case series reports the safety of 13 PRBs in 12 mRCC patients with reduced nephron mass who developed AKI during SACT as well as six PRBs in six patients with metastatic solid malignancies and AKI, which developed during SACT. Results: Eleven biopsies in mRCC patients and five biopsies in patients with metastatic solid malignancies were uneventful. One patient with mRCC experienced a major bleeding event due to an arteriovenous (AV) fistula seven days post-procedure, while another mRCC patient developed macrohematuria within 24 hours. In the group of patients with metastatic solid malignancies, one patient experienced a small perinephric hematoma during the observational period. Despite the small sample size, individual chart reviews and direct management of adverse events allowed assessment of the association between biopsy and complications.
Ključne besede: percutaneous renal biopsy, renal cell cancer, internal oncology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.04.2026; Ogledov: 397; Prenosov: 233
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Povzetek: Background The beneficial effects of exercise in cancer patients are increasingly understood, whereas the inclusion of structured oncological exercise as a standard of care remains a challenge. Herein, we evaluate the innovative, supervised Oncological Exercise Therapy (OTT) integrated into the standard of clinical care and report patient characteristics, exercise participation and attendance, and effects on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and physical performance. Methods An observational study was conducted to analyze patient and exercise cohort data collected between 2012 and 2020 on the OTT. Cancer patients were encouraged to attend the personalized OTT intervention for a minimum of three months. Demographic, medical and treatment-related patient data were documented at enrollment. Exercise attendance was measured up to one year after enrollment, and exercise efficacy was evaluated between 6 and 24 weeks of exercise and included strength and endurance assessments and PROs on quality of life, fatigue, and psychosocial distress. Results Most of the n=1660 enrolled patients (median age: 54 years [18–86]) were female (70%), diagnosed with breast cancer (40%), without metastasis (80%) and were receiving anticancer treatment (65%). One-third (32%) exercised for an average of 19±10 sessions in a 19-week (±13 weeks) period. Only 1% of patients reached the recommended average of ≥2 weekly sessions on the OTT. Older age and shorter travel distance were associated with increased exercise attendance. Exercise improved strength and endurance performance and PROs, indicating more pronounced effects in patients with greater exercise attendance. Conclusions Innovative exercise programs can be established as standard of cancer care in hospital settings. These real-world data suggest a beneficial effect of exercise in cancer patients on PROs and physical outcomes, with more pronounced effects in patients with greater exercise attendance. Therefore, strategies to increase exercise attendance appear crucial to maximize benefits derived from real-world exercise interventions in cancer patients.
Ključne besede: neoplasms, clinical care, exercise program, exercise oncology, cancer patients, physical activity
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.03.2026; Ogledov: 412; Prenosov: 382
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