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Povzetek: The human gut possesses a highly complex and metabolically functional microbial community. This microbial ecosystem, often termed a “super-organism”, plays a critical function in regulating the host’s metabolic processes, including gut motility, energy absorption, appetite, glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as hepatic fat storage. These metabolic functions of the gut microbiota (GM) play a central role in maintaining host homeostasis and overall metabolic health. This review synthesizes findings from recent clinical and preclinical studies, focusing on the interactions between gut microbiota, metabolic functions, and dietary interventions, to provide an evidence-based overview of current knowledge and future perspectives. Evidence was compiled through a narrative review of studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using prespecified keywords related to gut microbiota, metabolic syndrome, diet, and dysbiosis.Recent advancements in nutritional science and microbiology have highlighted the substantial relation between the GM and multiple pathological conditions, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). A plethora of studies predict that disruptions in the GM, known as dysbiosis, may influence the progression of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Notably, elucidating the contributions of the GM in the pathogenesis of MetS could offer promising avenues for therapeutic interventions. Herein, we review the physiological and metabolic functions of the GM and its connection to MetS pathogenesis, while also highlighting the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these observed associations. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of different dietary approaches on MetS and the impact of nutritional therapeutic strategies to support the development of beneficial gut bacteria and alleviate dysbiosis. By integrating insights from both clinical and preclinical research, this study provides a comprehensive overview of how GM modulation can support metabolic health. The possibility of tailoring nutritional interventions based on individual microbiota profiles represents a promising frontier for personalized and effective approaches to improve metabolic health.
Ključne besede: metabolic syndrome, gut microbiota, obesity
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 08.01.2026; Ogledov: 99; Prenosov: 68
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Povzetek: Diet plays a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of chronic diseases. In this regard, the Mediterranean diet has been widely shown to exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. On the contrary, the Western diet, which has also been reported to be an acidogenic dietary pattern, elicits detrimental effects on both metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) health. However, the role of dietary acid load (DAL) as a predictor of cardiometabolic prognosis remains to be elucidated. Thus, this study aims to compare Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) and DAL focusing on their relationship with metabolic and CV prognosis. A total of 448 individuals aged 55–80 years were grouped depending on their MDA, assessed using food frequency questionnaires, or DAL, evaluated using potential renal load acid (PRAL) and net-endogenous acid production (NEAP). Study participants underwent anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence was evaluated according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. Finally, the CV risk was evaluated using three independent algorithms: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), and Cuore risk scores. Mediterranean diet adherence was negatively associated with PRAL and NEAP. Individuals in the higher MDA tertile group had higher HDL cholesterol as well as lower homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) and fat mass relative to the lowest MDA tertile. However, in the high-MDA tertile group, there was neither a significantly lower MetS prevalence nor CV risk. Instead, both the MetS prevalence and CV risk were higher in individuals in the higher acid PRAL quartile relative to the lower alkaline PRAL quartile. Dietary acid load, especially assessed using PRAL but not MDA, was associated with indices of metabolic and CV prognosis. Thus, DAL assessed by 24-h dietary recalls may represent a better predictor of cardiometabolic health if compared to MDA evaluated using food frequency questionnaires.
Ključne besede: Mediterranean diet, dietary acid load, alkaline diet, acidic diet, metabolic syndrome, cradiovascular risk score
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.05.2022; Ogledov: 1976; Prenosov: 1187
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