1. Effects of climate on leaf phenolics, insect herbivory, and their relationship in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) across its geographic range in EuropeElena Valdés‑Correcher, Yasmine Kadiri, Audrey Bourdin, Anna Mrazova, Flavius Balacenoiu, Manuela Branco, Michal Bogdziewicz, Mona Chor Bjørn, Thomas Damestoy, Jovan Dobrosavljević, Maarten De Groot, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: An increase in biotic interactions towards lower latitudes is one of the most consistent patterns in ecology. Higher temperatures and more stable climatic conditions at low latitudes are thought to enhance biotic interactions, accelerating biological evolution and leading to stronger anti-herbivore defences in plants. However, some studies report contradictory findings, highlighting the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. We used a combination of field observations and feeding trials in controlled environments to investigate the effect of climate on chemical defences and insect herbivory in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) throughout most of its geographic range in Europe, while controlling for physical defences. The concentration of lignin, flavonoids, and total phenolics increased significantly with temperature, whereas both field herbivory and weight of spongy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae were negatively influenced by temperature. Lignin concentration positively influenced the weight of spongy moth larvae whereas it had no effect on field herbivory. We found no evidence of strong positive relationships between insect herbivory and larvae growth with leaf defences. Our study underscores the complexity of plant–herbivore interactions along climatic gradients and highlights the need for further research to disentangle these intricate relationships.
Ključne besede: leaf chemical defences, Lymantria dispar, larvae biomass, pant–insect interactions
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.04.2025; Ogledov: 798; Prenosov: 393
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2. Animal life in the shallow subseafloor crust at deep-sea hydrothermal ventsMonika Bright, Sabine Gollner, André Luiz de Oliveira, Salvador Espada-Hinojosa, Avery Fulford, Tihomir Makovec, Tinkara Tinta, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: It was once believed that only microbes and viruses inhabited the subseafloor crust beneath hydrothermal vents. Yet, on the seafloor, animals like the giant tubeworm Riftia pachyptila thrive. Their larvae are thought to disperse in the water column, despite never being observed there. We hypothesized that these larvae travel through the subseafloor via vent fluids. In our exploration, lifting lobate lava shelves revealed adult tubeworms and other vent animals in subseafloor cavities. The discovery of vent endemic animals below the visible seafloor shows that the seafloor and subseafloor faunal communities are connected. The presence of adult tubeworms suggests larval dispersal through the recharge zone of the hydrothermal circulation system. Given that many of these animals are host to dense bacterial communities that oxidize reduced chemicals and fix carbon, the extension of animal habitats into the subseafloor has implications for local and regional geochemical flux measurements. These findings underscore the need for protecting vents, as the extent of these habitats has yet to be fully ascertained.
Ključne besede: subseafloor, hydrothermal vents, tubeworms, larvae, vent fluids, bacterial communities, geochemical flux, geochemistry, marine biology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.10.2024; Ogledov: 877; Prenosov: 1420
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