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Povzetek: Study region: Slovenia Study focus: This study investigates the relationship between the hydrological functioning of karst aquifer systems and the geomorphological characteristics of their catchments. It is based on the analysis of discharge time series from 15 karst springs. Hydrograph analysis of these time series was used to estimate 11 hydrological parameters that characterize aquifer system functioning. A spatial analysis of morphological, geological, and hydrological data was carried out to assess 7 lumped geomorphological features of the catchments. These features (independent variables) and hydrological parameters (dependent variables) were used to develop random forest models for predicting the hydrological functioning of karst springs. New hydrological insights for the region: The developed methodological approach provides a basis for improved characterization and prediction of the hydrological functioning of ungauged karst systems. Groundwater availability in these systems is largely controlled by aquifer retention capacity and spring discharge variability. These characteristics can be inferred from hydrological parameters that can be predicted using the developed random forest models. Feature importance analysis indicated that catchment area, cave density, and slope gradient are the most important geomorphological features for predicting the hydrological characteristics of spring discharge.
Ključne besede: karst aquifer, random forest, machine learning, ungauged catchment, spring discharge, recession curve analysis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.10.2025; Ogledov: 179; Prenosov: 112
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Povzetek: The retreat of glaciers over the last century exposed subglacial carbonate, which formed between the glacier ice body and bedrock due to regelation. As such they have implications for paleoenvironmental studies. They are particularly significant as indicators of past glacial presence – since they can form under glacial conditions – and recent glacial retreat, given their high susceptibility to rapid weathering. However, their susceptibility to frost weathering remains relatively unexplored. This study investigates the susceptibility of subglacial carbonates to frost weathering by exposing them to freeze–thaw cycles in a freezing tank. The study demonstrates that subglacial carbonates are inherently weak and prone to weathering, with around a quarter of the samples experiencing breakage into shreds. While exact rates of weathering in natural settings remain challenging to determine, the laboratory conditions provided a framework for evaluating the fundamental response of subglacial carbonates to temperature stresses.
Ključne besede: geomorphology, glaciers, glacial erosion, high mountain karst, the Alps, Triglav (Slovenia, mountain)
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.07.2025; Ogledov: 406; Prenosov: 247
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Povzetek: In the wider Idrija area in western Slovenia, several large plains formed along the thrusts within the dolomite and at the contact of dolomite and limestone. The purpose of this paper is to present the detailed structural-geological background of one such plain, namely the Zadlog plain, and based on these findings, to provide new starting points for analyzing the genetic conditions of other karst poljes in Notranjska. The Zadloško polje was formed in a wider near-fault crushed zone at the contact of two structural units within the Upper Triassic Norian-Rhaetian dolomite, with the thrust crossing the polje in its central part. The initially lowered area at the thrust represented a morphological basis, and the crushed zones in the dolomite played a hydrological retention role inducing the stagnation of surface water and, as a result, the formation of the karst polje. Younger fault tectonics then established efficient drainage of surface water and the erosion of sediments to the karst underground. Besdies this, slope equilibration leads us to conclude that the karst polje capability of hydrologic retention is recently decreased. The example of Zadloško polje shows that the thrust structures and associated hydrological conditions are the key elements for the formation of karst poljes in the dissected karst surface. Further detailed structural-geological mapping will reveal whether similar structural-geological conditions are the basis for the formation of other karst poljes in the region.
Ključne besede: karst polje, thrust and fault tectonics, dolomite, hydrogeology, Zadlog, Zadloško polje
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.05.2025; Ogledov: 487; Prenosov: 166
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Povzetek: Experimental drought decreased the vitality of ectomycorrhiza and reduced the number of unique morphotypes. Quercus pubescens (Willd.) is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species that is capable of withstanding occasional drought events, but the response of its ectomycorrhiza to drought is not well known. An experiment with two rain exclusion plots and two natural precipitation regime plots was established in a secondary sub-Mediterranean oak forest. ECM roots were sampled before the experiment and after 11 months of rain exclusion. ECM root tips were divided into vital and non-vital and quantified. Morphoanatomical characterization and molecular identification were performed for vital ectomycorrhizae to obtain diversity indices and perform community analyses. Soil water content (SWC) in rain exclusion plots was reduced by approx. 6 vol.% relative to natural precipitation regime and was devoid of major peaks in SWC after rain events. After 11 months, ECM vitality and species richness were significantly reduced on rain exclusion plots compared to the natural precipitation regime while ECM community was reduced to a small subset of the most frequent morphotypes, with strongly decreased number of the unique morphotypes. The reduction of unique morphotypes as a result of rain exclusion may compromise the functional diversity of ectomycorrhiza in their role of nutrient uptake, while the reduction of ECM vitality may decrease the absorptive surface for water and nutrients.
Ključne besede: ectomycorrhizal fungi, Pubescent oak, Sub-Mediterranean, karst, drought stress, rain exclusion
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.12.2024; Ogledov: 752; Prenosov: 146
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Povzetek: Patterns in invertebrate drift in the alpine karst Lipnik spring (Julian Alps, Slovenia) were investigated over a one year period. Monthly samplings of one permanent and two temporary springs, and one sampling of a spring brook benthos, yielded 23 Copepoda and Ostracoda species. More species (12) were found in the permanent than in the temporary springs (8 and 7), Elaphoidella phreatica (Sars, 1862) being the most frequent in all of them. No correlation was observed between precipitation and drift densities or the numbers of species in the permanent spring. In the temporary springs there were correlations between precipitation and the Shannon diversity index, equitability and changes in community composition. Conductivity of the water was the only physical parameter in the springs that correlated with precipitation. Species accumulation curves reached the asymptotes in all the springs but not for benthos. 
Ključne besede: alpine karst aquifer, groundwater, drift
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 29.07.2024; Ogledov: 878; Prenosov: 583
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