Iskanje po repozitoriju

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Povzetek: Male factor infertility accounts for approximately 30–50% of all infertility cases. The primary causes include genetic abnormalities, sexually transmitted infections, physical or anatomical issues, hormonal imbalances, lifestyle factors, and environmental influences. Despite significant advances in diagnostic techniques, an identifiable cause remains elusive in nearly 40% of cases. One less commonly recognized factor is male immune infertility, which results from the presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in semen. These antibodies are typically identified through an extended semen analysis. Under normal physiological conditions, spermatogenesis and sperm transport occur within an immune-privileged environment. However, when the blood-testis barrier is compromised due to trauma, infection, or surgery, ASA may form. The effects of ASA on fertility can vary, but evidence indicates that ASA presence may impair sperm motility and capacitation, promote sperm agglutination, and be associated with DNA fragmentation. To address these challenges, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), are commonly used. These methods have proven to be effective in overcoming ASA-related infertility and improving reproductive outcomes. Given the ongoing debate and uncertainty surrounding the clinical relevance of ASA, this paper aims to review existing literature, explore the concept of male immune infertility, identify its risk factors, outline current methods for ASA detection, evaluate the role of ASA in ART, highlight both the strengths and limitations of current research, and contribute to a clearer understanding of this complex condition. After our literature review, we could confirm that multicentric studies with large groups of patients related to this topic are rarely found, and that there are many uncertainties regarding the clinical significance of ASA. The complete system of diagnosing male immune infertility lacks precise guidelines that infertility clinics could use in their routine male infertility check-ups.
Ključne besede: male infertility, male immune infertility, antisperm antibodies, mixed antiglobulin reaction test, MAR test, assisted reproductive technology
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.03.2026; Ogledov: 6; Prenosov: 4
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Povzetek: Components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are expressed in both female and male reproductive tracts, with angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) being an important component for male reproductive function, as shown in animal models. The most studied ACE polymorphism is the Alu insertion-deletion (I/D), which has been proposed to have a negative effect on male fertility. Given the conflicting evidence in the literature, we conducted a multicentric case-control study to investigate the association between the ACE Alu I/D polymorphism and impaired spermatogenesis. Using PCR amplification and agarose electrophoresis, we genotyped the ACE gene Alu I/D polymorphism in 745 South Slavic men. The study group consisted of 457 patients with impaired spermatogenesis, 239 with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and 218 with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) and a control group of 288 fertile men. No association was found between the Alu I/D polymorphism and these semen phenotypes, suggesting that it is not associated with NOA or severe OAT in this cohort. To provide a broader regulatory context, we also developed an integrative atlas of ACE regulatory elements by in silico multi-omics analysis using genomics databases and bioinformatics tools. Data integration revealed various regulatory mechanisms at multiple omics levels, including genomics, epigenomics, miRNAomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and epiproteomics. These include genomic variants with predicted deleterious effects, a CpG island, microRNAs (miRNAs) and post-translational modifications (PTMs). In addition, protein interaction analysis revealed that ACE is indirectly linked to several proteins previously associated with male infertility and is also targeted by miRNA previously associated with oligozoospermia. This comprehensive, multi-faceted approach, combining genetic association analysis with bioinformatics, provides insights into ACE regulation in its broader molecular context. These results emphasize the importance of further integrative multi-omics and systems biology research to better understand the role of ACE in male reproductive function.
Ključne besede: angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), male infertility, azoospermia, oligozoospermia, multi-omics
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.12.2025; Ogledov: 263; Prenosov: 117
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Ključne besede: sport, physical activity, infertility, intervention, overweight, pregnancy, ovulation
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.11.2024; Ogledov: 974; Prenosov: 492
Celotno besedilo (1,04 MB)
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