1. Coupling electric and magnetic dipoles in Janus nanoplatelets via surface-selective hybridizationAli Tufani, Jošt Tručl, Peter Medle Rupnik, Tomaž Gregorec, Simon Pevec, Tomas Landovsky, Denis Đonlagić, Alenka Mertelj, Darja Lisjak, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Coupling electric and magnetic dipoles within nanoscale building blocks offers a promising strategy for creating hybrid materials with coupled magnetic and electric functionality. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept approach for realizing this concept in Janus nanoparticles through surface-selective hybridization of ferrimagnetic barium hexaferrite nanoplatelets, selectively hybridized on one basal plane with organic polar ligands bearing a large electric dipole and a phosphonic anchoring group. The resulting Janus magneto-electric nanohybrids exhibit magnetic and electric dipoles oriented normal to the nanoplatelet basal plane. Surface-selective hybridization is achieved through a solid–liquid interfacial processing route involving magnetically directed monolayer assembly of nanoplatelets, selective ligand hybridization on the exposed basal plane, and subsequent harvesting of the modified particles. To probe the coupled dipolar response of these hybrids, we introduce multidipole electrophoresis in a magnetic field, a new experimental method that enables simultaneous interrogation of electric and magnetic dipolar interactions in colloidal nanoparticles. Optical measurements reveal external field-induced birefringence consistent with dual dipolar sensitivity. These results demonstrate a viable approach for engineering Janus magneto-electric nanostructures and provide a platform for exploring external field sensing in colloidal systems.
Ključne besede: Janus nanostructures, coupling, hybridization, electric dipoles, magnetic dipoles
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 31.08.2026; Ogledov: 159; Prenosov: 97
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2. The morphometry of male genitalia as a reliable tool for identifying forest pests Dendrolimus sibiricus, D. pini (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), and their hybrids in EurasiaMaria A. Ryazanova, Alexander A. Ageev, Sergey Yu. Sinev, Alexey Yu. Matov, Stanislav Gomboc, Margarita G. Kovalenko, Evgeny Akulov, D.A. Demidko, Dmitrii L. Musolin, Natalia I. Kirichenko, 2026, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The Siberian moth, Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetverikov, is one of the most destructive conifer pests in Northern Asia, causing severe ecological and economic losses. In Russia, its range overlaps with that of the closely related pine-tree lappet Dendrolimus pini (L.), and this raises the potential for hybridization and complicates accurate identification, particularly in the context of the potential westward expansion of D. sibiricus. Here, we present the first comprehensive morphometric analysis of male genitalia aimed at distinguishing these two major forest pests and their hybrids. The study was based on D. sibiricus and D. pini specimens collected during the last 130 years (1894–2024) across Europe and Asia, including their hybrids reared indoors by crossing D. pini females with D. sibiricus males in 1956 and preserved in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia). Overall, 70 permanent genitalia slides were prepared (33 D. sibiricus, 33 D. pini, and 4 hybrids), and the following genital structures were measured: valva and harpe length, aedeagus width and length, and cornuti length. Dendrolimus sibiricus had significantly larger genital structures compared to D. pini: 74% longer harpe, 32% longer valva, and a 28% wider and longer aedeagus. In contrast, in D. sibiricus cornuti were 21% shorter than in D. pini. Hybrids displayed intermediate values for valva, harpe, and aedeagus lengths, and for these parameters, they significantly differed from both parental species. The following diagnostic indices were suggested to distinguish between the two species and their hybrids: Harpe Length/Valva Length Index (HL/VL) and Cornuti Length/Aedeagus Length Index (CL/AL). Decision-tree analysis identified HL/VL as the strongest predictor for separating the parental species and the Combined Genital Proportion Index (CGPI), which integrates harpe, valva, aedeagus, and cornuti lengths, as the strongest predictor for identifying hybrids. The morphometric criteria developed here have practical applications for monitoring programs and quarantine diagnostics, particularly in sympatric zones and regions at risk of D. sibiricus expansion.
Ključne besede: Siberian moth, pine-tree lappet, hybridization, genital morphometry, genitalia indices, species identification, quarantine diagnostics
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.06.2026; Ogledov: 334; Prenosov: 230
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3. Epipactis × schmalhausenii K. Richt. (Orchidaceae), a newly identified hybrid in Slovenian floraAmadej Trnkoczy, Branko Dolinar, Alenka Mihorič, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This study analyzes nine specimens of the genus Epipactis from the Orchidaceae family and classifies them as Epipactis × schmalhausenii K. Richt (Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm. ex Bernh.) Besser × Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz). The work provides the first detailed description of this hybrid in Slovenia. The plants were examined using the hybrid index (HI) method. We analyzed six to ten morphological plant characteristics. In addition to the traits summarized from the literature, two new characteristics related to the proportions of the flower labellum were analyzed from digital photographs and included in the study. Both of these showed high discriminatory power between the parental species. We modified the classical definition of the HI to no longer depend on the number of traits used in the analysis. The adopted trait descriptions of typical parental species were compared to six standard works on Orchidaceae. We did not observe any apparent contradictions, but the descriptions of some characteristics are somewhat inconsistent, which probably indicates their very high intraspecies variability. A brief assessment of potential geographical, site-related, and temporal barriers to hybridization between the two parental species in Slovenia revealed that none exist. The hybrid is likely quite common in Slovenia and has been overlooked until now, probably due to its substantial phenotypic diversity.
Ključne besede: Orchidaceae hybrid, Epipactis hybrid, hybrid index, hybridization barriers, Epipactis x schmalhausenii, Epipactis × schmalhausenii nothosubsp. schmalhausenii, flora of Slovenia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 06.01.2026; Ogledov: 603; Prenosov: 374
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4. Hybrid zones in the European Alps impact the phylogeography of alpine vicariant willow species (Salix L.)Loïc Pittet, Pia Marinček, Piotr Kosinski, Natascha D. Wagner, Elvira Hörandl, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Introduction: In the European Alps, Pleistocene climate oscillations resulted in geographical range expansions and restrictions of species. Postglacial recolonizations often result in secondary contact hybridization of vicariant species, thereby creating hybrid zones with patterns of introgression. Here, we compare the genetic structure of two secondary contact hybrid zones between two vicariant willow species pairs occurring in the European Alpine System. Supplemented by morphological and ecological data, we try to understand the factors shaping the hybrid zones and their influence on geographical range filling patterns. Methods: RAD sequencing and morphometric data were used to characterize biogeographical history, genetic diversity and the hybrid zone of each species pair. Vegetation relevés and species distribution models provided ecological context and support. Key results: Results suggest that recolonization of the Alps happened from peripheral glacial refugia, resulting in broad secondary contact zones in the Eastern Alps in both species pairs. Both hybrid zones show introgression, but differ in symmetry and intensity of gene flow, in the type of introgressed loci, and in the geographical range. Habitat preferences and species distribution models do not indicate ecological barriers to recolonization. Conclusions: Hybrid zones do not only affect the genetic structure of species by gene flow and introgression, but also appear to impact the biogeographical patterns of species.
Ključne besede: hybridization, phylogeny, phylogeography, climatic oscillations, genus Salix
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.04.2025; Ogledov: 1154; Prenosov: 781
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5. Evolution of a hybrid zone of willows (Salix L.) in the Alps analysed by RAD-seq and morphometricsPia Marinček, 2022, magistrsko delo Povzetek: Natural hybridization of plants can result in many outcomes with several evolutionary consequences, such as hybrid speciation and introgression. Natural hybrid zones can arise as a result of fluctuating climate during the exchange of glacial and interglacial periods, where species retract and expand their territories, resulting in secondary contacts. On mountain ranges, such as the European Alps, hybrid zones of alpine species are frequently formed where different lineages meet. Willows are a large genus of woody plants with an immense capability of interspecific crossing. About 33 species of this genus inhabit the Alps, where intermediate phenotypes were frequently observed and proclaimed as hybrids, but rarely examined in detail. One of the reasons was a lack of informative molecular markers and suitable analytical tools to analyse this highly diverse and convergent genus. With the development of the RAD-seq technology, several questions regarding willow phylogeny and hybridization could be answered. In this study, a putative hybrid zone of two sister species, S. foetida and S. waldsteiniana, was investigated to study the genomic structure of populations within and outside their contact zone, to find evidence for hybrid speciation or introgression, and to analyse if morphological phenotypes are reflected by their genotypes. Individuals of the two species were sampled across their distribution range in the Alps and examined with the use of RADseq data and morphometric analyses. The results showed that a hybrid zone between the two species was established within the range of their contact zone. Patterns of genetic admixture in homoploid hybrids indicated introgression with asymmetric backcrossing to one of the parental species. Morphometric characteristics of hybrids supported the molecular data and showed intermediacy with a bias towards S. waldsteiniana. Only one potentially divergent hybrid lineage was observed, hinting to a possibility of localised hybrid speciation events.
Ključne besede: alpine plants, hybridization, morphometry, RAD sequencing, master thesis
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.01.2025; Ogledov: 1274; Prenosov: 484
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