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Povzetek: Slovenia’s mountainous areas comprise Alpine mountains, Alpine hills, and Dinaric plateaus, which together cover over half of the country. Its mountainous landscapes lie at the intersection of the geotectonic units of the Dinarides, Southern Alps, and Eastern Alps. Limestone and dolomite predominate, although there are also extensive areas in the Alpine hills composed of poorly permeable clastic, igneous, and metamorphic rock. In terms of geomorphological development, mountainous areas can be divided into glacial, fluvio-denudational, and karst landscape types. Glacial landscapes are limited to areas that were exposed to glacial erosion and accumulation during the cold Pleistocene periods, and fluvio-denudational landscapes are typical of areas made of poorly permeable rocks and characterized by surface runoff. Karst landscapes developed on carbonate rocks. They are characterized by intense chemical dissolution of the bedrock and subterranean karst hydrology. The high mountains feature a combination of glacial and karst landscapes, or glaciokarst. Due to the Alpine–Dinaric barrier, Slovenia’s climate is wetter than average. Over the past decades, the average air temperature has been rising rapidly, which causes frequent droughts in the summer and reduces the duration and depth of snow cover in the winter. Climate change has already resulted in significantly lower discharges of mountain rivers and altered discharge regimes. Water conditions largely depend on the rock composition. Nearly two-thirds of mountainous areas is karst and almost devoid of surface water flows, while elsewhere the river system is highly branched. The predominant soils on carbonate rocks are Rendzina and Chromic Cambisol, whereas Dystric Cambisol predominates on non-carbonate rocks. Forest is the natural vegetation and the predominant land-use type in all mountainous areas. The dominant tree is beech, which creates numerous forest communities. Conifers dominate at higher elevations, especially spruce and larch, which grow up to the tree line between 1,550 and 1,900 m. Late-medieval colonization of higher elevations was a key stage in the permanent colonization of mountainous areas, extending even above 1,000 m. In the Alpine mountains, it was the valleys that were usually settled, and in the Alpine hills people also settled the ridges and slopes. The upper limit of settlement in Slovenia’s mountainous areas varies; the highest settlements can be found in the Eastern Karawanks, even at elevations above 1,300 m. The traditional economic activity is forestry.
Ključne besede: rocks, surface, climate, hydrology, soil, vegetation, settlement, Alpine mountains, Alpine hills, Dinaric plateaus, Slovenia
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.03.2026; Ogledov: 162; Prenosov: 109
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Povzetek: To assess the changes in the spring phenology in the future with particular emphasis on the elevation dependence of phenophase onset, a climate-driven phenological model was developed based on the spring indices methodology. Our study investigates both current and projected changes in the timing of flowering onset for common hazel (Corylus avellana), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), and common lilac (Syringa vulgaris). We compiled comprehensive climate data and phenological records from 46 phenological stations of the National Phenological Network of the Slovenian Environment Agency for the period 1971–2020. In addition, we used climate projection data for the 21st century under two climate scenarios to evaluate potential future shifts in the onset of the selected phenophases. Specifically, we examined whether the agreement between model predictions and observed records varies with elevation during the reference period (1981–2010) and whether this relationship changes across three future climate periods: 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100. Model results indicate that spring phenophases are expected to occur earlier in Slovenia by the end of the 21st century, consistent with the projected increase in air temperatures. Moreover, the advancement in spring phenology will be more pronounced at higher elevations.
Ključne besede: plant phenology, phenological model, elevation dependence, climate change
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 30.03.2026; Ogledov: 122; Prenosov: 77
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Ključne besede: agrovoltaics, fruit orchards, dual-use systems, climate adaptaion, solat energy
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.03.2026; Ogledov: 127; Prenosov: 49
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Povzetek: Gradients in species diversity across elevations and latitudes have fascinated biologists for decades. While these gradients have been well documented for macroorganisms, there is limited consensus about their universality, shape and drivers for microorganisms, such as fungi, despite the importance of fungal diversity for ecosystem functions and services. We conducted a comprehensive survey of fungal species richness in forests across 17 elevational transects along a latitudinal gradient covering the continental scale of Europe. Diversity patterns along elevational and latitudinal gradients differed among fungal ecological guilds. Diversity of saprotrophs declined with elevation while ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal diversity peaked in mid-elevations. Moreover, the diversity of root endophytic fungi increased with latitude but did not change with elevation. Bayesian species distribution modeling suggests that fungal diversity is structured by deterministic rather than stochastic drivers. Importantly, ECM fungal diversity pattern persists even after accounting for the effects of environmental conditions. These results suggest that environmental conditions differentially shape the diversity of fungal guilds along elevational and latitudinal gradients, but this goes beyond soil and climatic factors in the case of ECM fungi. This study paves the way toward a better understanding of fungal diversity gradients across elevations and latitudes, with possible implications for macroecological theory, conservation and management.
Ključne besede: fungal diversity, altitudinal, latitudinal, biogeography, climate
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.02.2026; Ogledov: 369; Prenosov: 174
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Povzetek: The role of data centers has intensified with the expansion of the digital economy and the advancement of information and communication technologies. Their environmental footprint is determined by the electricity mix, whose temporal and spatial variability is insufficiently addressed in the conventional life cycle assessment (LCA). In this study, a time-resolved environmental impact assessment was applied to electricity generation in Slovenia and Serbia in 2023. The focus was on three categories: climate change, resource use (minerals and metals), and water use. Hourly generation data from the ENTSO-E Transparency platform were linked with the Ecoinvent 3.11 datasets to generate hourly impact profiles and representative daily profiles for summer and winter. The study's results reveal clear differences primarily due to the distinct electricity mix structures of the two countries. Slovenia relies on nuclear, hydro, and photovoltaic power, while Serbia is predominantly coal-based. Photovoltaic generation in Slovenia reduces greenhouse gas emissions during daylight but increases the impacts related to the use of minerals and metals. Serbia exhibits higher climate change burdens yet lower variability in other categories. Seasonal and diurnal fluctuations influence emission intensities, underscoring the limits of static, annualized assessments. The findings provide input for policy and smart infrastructure planning. Strategies for electric vehicle charging, data centers, and demand-side measures should integrate temporal profiles of environmental impacts. Tools such as environmentally differentiated tariffs or time-varying carbon pricing can help align energy use with periods of lower impact. More broadly, the results highlight trade-offs between greenhouse gas mitigation and other pressures, underscoring the need for holistic energy transition pathways.
Ključne besede: data centers, life cycle assessment, electricity mix, climate change, temporal variability
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.02.2026; Ogledov: 309; Prenosov: 205
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