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Povzetek: An increase in biotic interactions towards lower latitudes is one of the most consistent patterns in ecology. Higher temperatures and more stable climatic conditions at low latitudes are thought to enhance biotic interactions, accelerating biological evolution and leading to stronger anti-herbivore defences in plants. However, some studies report contradictory findings, highlighting the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. We used a combination of field observations and feeding trials in controlled environments to investigate the effect of climate on chemical defences and insect herbivory in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) throughout most of its geographic range in Europe, while controlling for physical defences. The concentration of lignin, flavonoids, and total phenolics increased significantly with temperature, whereas both field herbivory and weight of spongy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae were negatively influenced by temperature. Lignin concentration positively influenced the weight of spongy moth larvae whereas it had no effect on field herbivory. We found no evidence of strong positive relationships between insect herbivory and larvae growth with leaf defences. Our study underscores the complexity of plant–herbivore interactions along climatic gradients and highlights the need for further research to disentangle these intricate relationships.
Ključne besede: leaf chemical defences, Lymantria dispar, larvae biomass, pant–insect interactions
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 14.04.2025; Ogledov: 136; Prenosov: 53
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Povzetek: This study examined the quality of dry-cured hams produced from local pig breed and modern hybrids using two trimming methods. Hams (n = 24) of similar weight were harvested from local breed “Krškopolje pig” (KKP) and conventional hybrid pigs (CON). The left and right hams from KKP were trimmed according to “Kraški pršut” (K) and “Istrski pršut” (I), respectively, while the hams from CON were trimmed as “Kraški pršut”, yielding 8 hams per treatment (K-KKP, I-KKP, K-CON). After processing, the samples of dry-cured hams (part with biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles) were collected and analysed for chemical composition, texture, sensory analysis and volatile profile. Dry-cured hams of local breed (K-KKP) had lower dehydration loss (due to thicker fat cover), moisture content and aw, softer and more plastic texture, with sensory analysis showing more marbling, softer, pastier texture, more pronounced herbal aroma and sweetness than K-CON. Trimming type was associated with higher dehydration loss (due to removed skin), lower moisture content and aw, higher salt content and harder texture, with sensory analysis showing more marbling, more surface moisture and herbal odour, harder and pastier texture, and sweeter and less bitter taste in I-KKP than K-KKP. The analysis of volatile compounds clearly distinguished the types of dry-cured hams, with each exhibiting a unique volatile profile that enabled differentiation based on breed or trimming. Overall, the study highlights some advantages of dry-cured ham from local pig breeds and shows how trimming affects product's characteristics.
Ključne besede: pigs, dry-cured ham, Krškopolje pig, Kraški pršut, Istrski pršut, physico-chemical properties, volatile profile
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 04.02.2025; Ogledov: 301; Prenosov: 137
Celotno besedilo (12,07 MB)
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Povzetek: The Wiener index is defined as the sum of distances between all unordered pairs of vertices in a graph. It is one of the most recognized and well-researched topological indices, which is on the other hand still a very active area of research. This work presents a natural continuation of the paper Mathematical aspects of Wiener index (Ars Math. Contemp., 2016) in which several interesting open questions on the topic were outlined. Here we collect answers gathered so far, give further insights on the topic of extremal values of Wiener index in different settings, and present further intriguing problems and conjectures.
Ključne besede: graph distance, Wiener index, average distance, topological index, molecular descriptor, chemical graph theory
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.11.2024; Ogledov: 296; Prenosov: 131
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Povzetek: Coiled-coil protein origami (CCPO) is a modular strategy for the de novo design of polypeptide nanostructures. It represents a type of modular design based on pairwise-interacting coiled-coil (CC) units with a single-chain protein programmed to fold into a polyhedral cage. However, the mechanisms underlying the self-assembly of the protein tetrahedron are still not fully understood. In the present study, 18 CCPO cages with three different topologies were modeled in silico. Then, molecular dynamics simulations and CC parameters were calculated to characterize the dynamic properties of protein tetrahedral cages at both the local and global levels. Furthermore, a deformed CC unit was redesigned, and the stability of the new cage was significantly improved.
Ključne besede: chemical structure, conformation, genetics oligomers stability
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.10.2024; Ogledov: 411; Prenosov: 97
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Povzetek: The overall increase in maritime transport, coastal urbanization and the foreseen increase in offshore oil and gas extraction pose serious risks of pollution from hazardous substances for several coastal states in the whole Mediterranean, and in particular in the Adriatic - Ionian region. Countries sharing a marine region or sub-region should adopt a common approach to environmental monitoring, good environmental status definition and assessment. In the Adriatic – Ionian marine sub-regions, the level of coherence and consistency of several EU and regional environmental policies, particularly in the assessment of contamination from hazardous substances, needs a common implementation. In the framework of enhancing the capacity to tackle environmental vulnerability and safeguard ecosystem services at transnational scale, the objective of HarmoNIA is twofold: to share best practices to support the harmonized implementation of marine environmental directives in the ADRION regionto strengthen the network of data infrastructures to facilitate access and re-use of marine data among countries bordering the Adriatic – Ionian Seas. Building on the EU initiative EMODnet for the management and supply of fragmented marine data, HarmoNIA will strengthen the existing transnational network of data infrastructures to facilitate access and re-use of marine data among countries bordering the Adriatic – Ionian Seas. The project will improve the coherence, among most countries bordering the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, all Contracting Parties of the Barcelona Convention, of protocols for monitoring and for assessment of contaminants in the marine environment and will facilitate data and information exchange within the region. The outputs will consist in a Transnational network of institutions adopting a joint data management system for contaminants in the marine environment, and in regional strategies to improve harmonization in monitoring and assessment, and to evaluate risk of contaminant dispersion in vulnerable coastal zones from different pollution sources. HarmoNIA outputs will improve the coordination among institutions involved in MSFD and UNEP/MAP protocol implementation, local, regional and national authorities in charge of environmental assessment, management, conservation, as well as research institutions, to tackle problems related to pollution dispersal and risks on the coastal areas of the ADRION region. The transnational approach will be assured by the cooperation among partners from most of the countries bordering the ADRION region, with consolidated experience in marine data acquisition and management and involved in the implementation of marine environmental policies.
Ključne besede: chemical pollution, monitoring programmes
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.09.2024; Ogledov: 460; Prenosov: 1305
Celotno besedilo (10,37 MB)
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