1. Dyslipidaemia among children and adolescents in Pakistan : a five-year retrospective cohort study based on laboratory dataQuratul Ain, Amjad Nawaz, Madeeha Khan, Jaka Šikonja, Hajib Batool, Rabia Zaheer, Mohammad Iqbal Khan, Muhammad Ajmal, Fouzia Sadiq, Urh Grošelj, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: Dyslipidaemia is a signifcant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which can manifest early in life. Despite its importance, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in the paediatric population of Pakistan remains poorly understood. This study uses laboratory data to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and lipid testing practices among Pakistani children and adolescents. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analysed the laboratory data from children and adolescents, aged up to 19 years, who underwent lipid testing. The data was obtained from two centres with collection points all over Pakistan for fve years (March 2019–March 2024). Logistic regression models were used to assess relationships between demographic factors (age, sex and regions/provinces) and lipid profle parameters. Results: Over fve years, 9,787 children and adolescents with a mean age of 13.8±5.1 years underwent lipid testing. Boys accounted for 59.7% of those tested compared to 40.3% of girls (p=0.09). Most tests were conducted in Punjab (81.2%), with minimal representation from Balochistan (0.5%) and Gilgit Baltistan (0.3%). Among tested children and adolescents, 33.3% had elevated total cholesterol, 25.4% high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 46.6% low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 48.0% abnormal non- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 41.7% hypertriglyceridemia. Compared to boys, girls had signifcantly lower odds of abnormal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Odds Ratio 0.556, 95% CI 0.511–0.607, p<0.001) and triglyceride levels (Odds Ratio 0.702, 95% CI 0.642–0.767, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study highlights a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia among Pakistani children, with boys more afected than girls. The study also highlights a gender-based inequality in lipid testing where girls appear to be less frequently tested compared to boys.
Ključne besede: lipid screening, paediatric, dyslipidaemia burden, cardiovascular diseases, lipid testing, universal screening
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 10.11.2025; Ogledov: 227; Prenosov: 97
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2. Health aspects of aerobic interval training in the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases : a sysematic reviewTamara Ilić, Doroteja Rančić, Stefan Stojanović, Ismail Ilbak, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Purpose: The aim of this study was to review the literature analyzing the effects of aerobic interval training in the rehabilitation of cardiovascular patients.Methods: Research data was collected considering the inclusion and exclusion cri-teria of the research studies published in English. In order for the study to be included in the analysis, it had to meet the following criteria: year of publication (2004–2022), respondents were people with cardiovascular disease, and the studies included in this review must contain data on disease, training programme and outcomes. Papers with-out full texts available and systematic review studies were excluded. The first search identified 71 articles. In the initial assessment carried out in accordance with the inclu-sion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were found suitable and were included in the study, while 20 studies were excluded for being duplicates, 28 studies excluded for not having the full text available and eight for non-compliance. Results: The reviewed materials indicate that aerobic interval training has an im-pact on VO2 max, functional abilities, VO2 peak and functional capacity in the reha-bilitation of cardiovascular diseases, especially in the elderly. The duration of the pro-gramme in most studies has a similar time range from 10 to 16 weeks. The programmes that showed the best effects are related to aerobic interval training, from 2 to 3 times per week with moderate (50–60% of VO2 max) or high intensity (80–90% of VO2 max). Conclusion: Studies indicate that properly dosed physical activity contributes to a better lifestyle for people with cardiovascular diseases. All 15 studies showed positive effects of aerobic interval training in cardiovascular disease rehabilitation.
Ključne besede: aerobic exercise, interval training, rehabilitation, cardiovascular diseases
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 16.04.2024; Ogledov: 933; Prenosov: 588
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3. Effects of meditation on cardiovascular and muscular responses in patients during cardiac rehabilitation : a randomized pilot studyMaximilian E. Rudlof, Boštjan Šimunič, Bianca Steuber, Till O. Bartel, Ruslan Neshev, Petra Mächler, Andreas Dorr, Rainer Picha, Karin Schimd-Zalaudek, Nandu Goswami, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the world’s number one cause of death, with exceeding psychosocial stress load being considered a major risk factor. A stress management technique that has repeatedly shown positive effects on the cardiovascular system is the Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique. The present pilot study aimed to investigate the potential effect of TM on the recovery of cardiac patients. Objectives: We hypothesized that practicing TM in patients undergoing a 4-week cardiac rehabilitation program augments the recovery of cardiovascular parameters and reduces skeletal muscle tone after rehabilitation. Methods: Twenty cardiac patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either the control or the TM group. Cardiovascular parameters were assessed with the Task Force Monitor (TFM) and skeletal muscle contractile properties by Tensiomyography during a sit-stand test, performed at the beginning and end of a 4-week in-patient rehabilitation program. Results: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly lower after 4 weeks of cardiac rehabilitation, while the RR-interval (RRI) significantly increased. At the skeletal muscle level, the contraction time and maximal displacement increased, though only in the gastrocnemius medialis and biceps femoris muscles and not in vastus lateralis. Group interactions were not observed for hemodynamic parameters nor for muscle contractile properties. Discussion: Although significant improvements in hemodynamic and muscular parameters were observed after 4 weeks of rehabilitation, we could not provide evidence that TM improved rehabilitation after 4 weeks. TM may unfold its effects on the cardiovascular system in the longer term. Hence, future studies should comprise a long-term follow-up.
Ključne besede: cardiovascular diseases, psychosocial stress, transcendental meditation, cardiac rehabilitation, tensiomyography
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.10.2022; Ogledov: 1382; Prenosov: 944
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