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Povzetek: first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Morpho-Anatomical Properties and Terpene Composition of Picea Omorika (Pančić) Purk. Needles from Bosnia and Herzegovina by Biljana M. Nikolić 1,*ORCID,Zorica S. Mitić 2ORCID,Dalibor Ballian 3,4,5ORCID,Marina M. Todosijević 6ORCID,Jelena S. Nikolić 2ORCID,Stefan Ivanović 7ORCID andVele V. Tešević 6ORCID 1 Institute of Forestry, Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding, Seed and Nursery Production, Kneza Višeslava 3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2 Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia 3 Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 5 Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 6 Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 7 Laboratory of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Institute for Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Forests 2025, 16(5), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16050791 Submission received: 1 April 2025 / Revised: 6 May 2025 / Accepted: 7 May 2025 / Published: 8 May 2025 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Specialized Metabolites and Structure of Woody Plants) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk., (Serbian spruce) is a relic, endemic, and vulnerable conifer that remains insufficiently studied to date. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the morpho-anatomical and phytochemical diversity of needles from three populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The length of two-year-old needles was measured with a digital caliper. The next six properties were measured based on cross-sections of the needles using a light microscope. An analysis of volatile compounds was carried out using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The highest values of needle traits were found in the Viogor population, with the lowest in the Tisovljak population, which was statistically confirmed. There was also a significant difference between needles from Bosnia and Herzegovina and those from Serbia. Bornyl acetate, camphene, limonene, and α-pinene were identified as the major terpene compounds. Multivariate analyses also suggested a tendency toward the separation of the Tisovljak population. A statistical comparison of three Bosnian and Herzegovinian and four Serbian populations (previously studied and published) revealed two distinct groups: (1) three Bosnian populations and the Vranjak population from Serbia, and (2) three populations from Serbia—Štula, Zmajevački Potok, and Mileševka Canyon. The general conclusions are that divergence in needle morpho-anatomy aligns with divergence in needle chemistry and that Bosnian and Herzegovinian populations are distinct from nearly all Serbian populations.
Ključne besede: Picea omorika, Serbian spruce, population, morpho-anatomy, terpenes, multivariate statistics
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.02.2026; Ogledov: 113; Prenosov: 52
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Povzetek: Historically, research on jellyfish anatomy has been viewed as secondary in importance and has not benefited from technical advances that could improve the quality of the results when compared to other disciplines. The most notable example is the anatomical research on jellyfish, which has been done using conventional methods for many years. Thus far, recent studies have shown that X-ray microtomography (µCT) and resin endocasts can yield outputs with remarkably high detail quality. The application of a similar protocol to Cotylorhiza tuberculata has allowed us to redescribe the anatomy of this species’ gastrovascular system, providing numerous additional details, among them the double constricted canal structure present in the oral arms, which was absent in previous descriptions. Additionally, functional anatomy experiments have revealed a double circulation system within these canals, featuring specialized oral arms’ openings for intake and outflow, as previously observed in Rhizostoma pulmo. These findings challenge the theory of a simple digestive system in scyphozoans featuring openings that acts both as mouths and anuses. Given the genetic distance between Cotylorhiza tuberculata and Rhizostoma pulmo, which belong to different suborders (Kolpophorae and Dactyliophorae, respectively), we propose that this complex gastrovascular circulation pattern may be more widespread among the Rhizostomeae.
Ključne besede: jellyfish anatomy, Cotylorhiza tuberculata, gastrovascular system
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 13.01.2026; Ogledov: 181; Prenosov: 120
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Povzetek: Objectives: The Ross procedure is currently receiving renewed interest. Its function and durability depend on preservation of pulmonary valve anatomy; limited data exist on normal pulmonary valve geometry. The objective was to compare aortic and pulmonary root and cusp dimensions in adults with normal tricuspid aortic and pulmonary valves. Methods: We reviewed 507 coronary computed tomography studies, selecting those with adequate visibility of both pulmonary and aortic roots for further analysis. Diastolic aortic and pulmonary root and cusp dimensions were measured. Root dimensions at different phases of the cardiac cycle were measured in 3 patients. Results: We analysed studies of 50 patients with the mean age of 54 years [standard deviation (SD): 16]. In end-diastole, pulmonary root had a smaller sinutubular to basal ring ratio than the aortic root [0.82 (SD: 0.09) vs 1.14 (SD: 0.12), P<0.001]. Aortic and pulmonary cusps had similar dimensions; however, pulmonary cusp effective height was lower [5.9 mm (SD: 1.6) vs 8.4 mm (SD: 1.2), P<0.001]. Pulmonary basal ring perimeter was largest at end-diastole and smallest at end-systole, with the relative difference of 23.5% (SD: 2.7). Conclusions: The pulmonary root has a similar cusp size compared to the aortic root, but a different shape, resulting in a lower pulmonary cusp effective height. The perimeter of the pulmonary basal ring changes during the cardiac cycle. These findings suggest that stabilizing the autograft to normal aortic, rather than pulmonary, root dimensions should result in normal autograft cusp configuration. Computed tomography angiography could become a tool for personalized planning of the Ross procedure.
Ključne besede: computed tomography angiography, pulmonary valve anatomy, ross procedure, aortic valve anatomy, cardiac cycle
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 26.11.2025; Ogledov: 450; Prenosov: 159
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Povzetek: Gymnosperms are a very old and small group of plants compared to angiosperms. Contemporary science recognizes about 650 extant conifers worldwide. This review focuses on species of the Pinaceae family found in Europe. There are 23 species from the genera Abies, Larix, Picea, and Pinus. Some of them are widespread in Europe, but others have fragmented and limited distribution and are classified as relic, endemic, or endangered. The aim of this review is providing cumulative information about the variability of needle morpho-anatomy, terpenes, and n-alkanes, as well as the genetics of the Pinaceae species, native to Europe. The first morpho-anatomical examinations of needles were conducted in the 19th century. A lot of species have been investigated up to now, but the population variability of many conifer species is still not known. The composition and abundance of terpenes differ between genera and families but also within the same genus, pointing to their taxonomic importance. n-Alkanes on the needle wax surfaces of conifers are sometimes very useful markers of species and population variability. The most abundant n-alkanes in Abies species are nonacosane (C29), hentriacontane (C31), or heptacosane (C27), whereas in Larix decidua and the majority of Picea species, C31 is predominant. C31 and C29 are the dominant n-alkanes in the genus Pinus. The most extensive population-genetic studies of European representatives of the Pinaceae family have focused on Abies alba, Picea abies, Pinus nigra, and Pinus sylvestris, but also examined endemic species such as Abies borisii-regis, A. cephalonica, A. nebrodensis, and Picea omorika. These studies hold significant practical value in assessing species’ evolutionary potential, devising strategies for long-term species conservation, identifying centers of diversity, detecting relict and ancestral populations, unveiling cryptic species and hybrids, and elucidating the taxonomic significance of species. These investigations are of great value not only on the biodiversity level, but also on the levels of ecology, physiology, taxonomy, and evolution.
Ključne besede: Europe, Pinaceae, conifers, needle morphology, needle anatomy, terpenes, n-alkanes, genetic markers
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 27.02.2025; Ogledov: 822; Prenosov: 542
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Povzetek: International provenance trials of ecologically and economically important tree species are crucial to deciphering the influence of environmental factors and intraspecific variability on tree growth and performance under climate change to guide assisted gene flow and assisted migration of tree provenances and species. In this context, we compared inter-annual trends in tree-ring widths (carbon sequestration potential) and vessel characteristics (conductivity optimisation) of four beech provenances in two international provenance trials, one in Slovenia (Kamenski hrib, a core beech growing site) and one in Hungary (Bucsuta, a marginal beech site) in 2009–2019. We found different patterns of inter-annual variability in mean vessel area and tree-ring widths among provenances and sites, pointing to diverse genetic background and environmental influence on these two wood-anatomical traits. The average values of the vessel area varied less between provenances at Kamenski hrib than at Bucsuta. Weather conditions differently affected tree-ring width and mean vessel area. Furthermore, the length of the period of response of vessel area to the analysed weather conditions differed in summer and winter periods. The differences in the mean vessel area within the tree ring were more pronounced in the weather-wise extreme years, regardless of the provenance. Consistent with previous studies, we confirmed that site conditions affect the climate sensitivity of trees, which is more pronounced at marginal sites or in extreme years. The findings on how different environmental conditions affect the radial growth of young beech trees of different origin are very important for future forest management.
Ključne besede: Fagus sylvatica, quantitative wood anatomy, common gardens, intraspecific variation, juvenile period, weather conditions
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.12.2024; Ogledov: 880; Prenosov: 1188
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